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	'''John Fleming''' {{postnominals\|FRS\|FRSE\|FLS}} (1747–17 May 1829)<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.leighrayment.com/commons/Gcommons1.htm\|title=House of Commons\|publisher=Leigh Rayment\|access-date=2 August 2010\|url-status=usurped\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713200634/http://www.leighrayment.com/commons/Gcommons1.htm\|archive-date=13 July ~~2022~~}}</ref> was a British surgeon of the [[Indian Medical Service]], naturalist, and politician.<ref>{{ODNBweb\|id=9704\|title=Fleming, John\|first=Ray\|last=Desmond\|year=2004\|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/9704}}</ref> While in India he served as an interim superintendent of the [[Acharya Jagadish Chandra Bose Indian Botanic Garden\|Royal Botanic Garden, Calcutta]] before [[William Roxburgh]] took charge. He was the [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)\|Member of Parliament]] (MP) for [[Gatton (UK Parliament constituency)\|Gatton]] 1818–1820, [[Saltash (UK Parliament constituency)\|Saltash]] 1820–1826. Fleming was an amateur botanist and a Fellow of the [[Royal Society of London]], [[Royal Society of Edinburgh]] and the [[Linnean Society of London\|Linnean Society]].		'''John Fleming''' {{postnominals\|FRS\|FRSE\|FLS}} (1747–17 May 1829)<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.leighrayment.com/commons/Gcommons1.htm\|title=House of Commons\|publisher=Leigh Rayment\|access-date=2 August 2010\|url-status=usurped\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713200634/http://www.leighrayment.com/commons/Gcommons1.htm\|archive-date=13 July 2011}}</ref> was a British surgeon of the [[Indian Medical Service]], naturalist, and politician.<ref>{{ODNBweb\|id=9704\|title=Fleming, John\|first=Ray\|last=Desmond\|year=2004\|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/9704}}</ref> While in India he served as an interim superintendent of the [[Acharya Jagadish Chandra Bose Indian Botanic Garden\|Royal Botanic Garden, Calcutta]] before [[William Roxburgh]] took charge. He was the [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)\|Member of Parliament]] (MP) for [[Gatton (UK Parliament constituency)\|Gatton]] 1818–1820, [[Saltash (UK Parliament constituency)\|Saltash]] 1820–1826. Fleming was an amateur botanist and a Fellow of the [[Royal Society of London]], [[Royal Society of Edinburgh]] and the [[Linnean Society of London\|Linnean Society]].

	==Life==		==Life==

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{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}
{{Use British English|date=November 2022}}
'''John Fleming''' {{postnominals|FRS|FRSE|FLS}} (1747–17 May 1829)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.leighrayment.com/commons/Gcommons1.htm|title=House of Commons|publisher=Leigh Rayment|access-date=2 August 2010|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713200634/http://www.leighrayment.com/commons/Gcommons1.htm|archive-date=13 July 2022}}</ref> was a British surgeon of the [[Indian Medical Service]], naturalist, and politician.<ref>{{ODNBweb|id=9704|title=Fleming, John|first=Ray|last=Desmond|year=2004|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/9704}}</ref> While in India he served as an interim superintendent of the [[Acharya Jagadish Chandra Bose Indian Botanic Garden|Royal Botanic Garden, Calcutta]] before [[William Roxburgh]] took charge. He was the [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Member of Parliament]] (MP) for [[Gatton (UK Parliament constituency)|Gatton]] 1818–1820, [[Saltash (UK Parliament constituency)|Saltash]] 1820–1826. Fleming was an amateur botanist and a Fellow of the [[Royal Society of London]], [[Royal Society of Edinburgh]] and the [[Linnean Society of London|Linnean Society]].

==Life==

Fleming studied medicine at the University of Edinburgh and joined the Indian Medical Service in August 1768 as an assistant surgeon in Bengal. He became a surgeon in 1771 and was made a member of the medical board in 1786 and became a president of the board on 8 December 1800. He served as the interim superintendent of the Royal Botanic Garden, Calcutta after the death of [[Robert Kyd]] until William Roxburgh took over. Fleming published ''A catalogue of Indian medicinal plants and drugs, with their names in the Hindustani and Sanscrit languages'' appeared in ''Asiatick Researches'' (11, 1810, 153–96). He retired in 1811 and returned to Britain in 1813. During his time in India he befriended both [[Francis Buchanan-Hamilton]] and [[Thomas Hardwicke]]. He also conducted a long correspondence with Sir [[Joseph Banks]] including sending him plant samples such as Thibet (Tibet) Musk. William Roxburgh named the legume genus ''Flemingia'' after him.<ref name=":0">{{cite journal|author=Britten, James|year=1916|title=John Fleming, MD (1747-1829)|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/9116344|journal=Journal of Botany, British and Foreign|volume=54|pages=301–303}}</ref>

In 1813 he became a Fellow of the [[Royal Society of London]] and in 1817 a Fellow of the [[Royal Society of Edinburgh]]. His proposers for the latter were [[Sir William Arbuthnot, 1st Baronet]], Tb Allan and [[David Brewster]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Biographical Index of Former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783–2002|date=July 2006|publisher=The Royal Society of Edinburgh|isbn=0-902-198-84-X|url=https://www.royalsoced.org.uk/cms/files/fellows/biographical_index/fells_indexp1.pdf}}</ref>

On his return he lived on Chandos Street off Grosvenor Square in [[London]] and later (1816) in Gloucester Place. He died in London on 17 May 1829. A revised obituary was written by botanist [[James Britten]] in 1916 which resolved confusion with John Fleming (1785-1857).<ref name=":0" />

In 1882 the Department of Botany (of the University of London) bought 13 folio volumes of drawings of Indian plants, mainly from the [[Punjab]] area, organised by Fleming (but drawn largely by Indian natives) which are now in the British Museum.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{cite journal|author1=Hedge, I.C.|author2=Lamond, J.M.|year=1987|title=Edinburgh's Indian Botanical Connections and Collections|url=http://www.nelumbo-bsi.org/index.php/nlmbo/article/view/74702|journal=Nelumbo|volume=29|doi=10.20324/nelumbo/v29/1987/74702|doi-broken-date=31 July 2022}}</ref> Another collection of paintings of animals made by Indian artists is in the [[Victoria Memorial, Kolkata|Victoria Memorial Museum]] in Kolkata.

==Publications==
*''[[iarchive:catalogueofindia00flem|A Catalogue of Indian Medicinal Plants]]'' (Calcutta, 1810)

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Hansard-contribs | mr-john-fleming-2 | John Fleming }}

{{s-start}}
{{s-par|uk}}
{{s-bef
| before = [[Sir William Congreve, 2nd Baronet|William Congreve]]
| before2 = [[Sir Mark Wood, 2nd Baronet|Sir Mark Wood, Bt]]
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{{s-title
| title = [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Member of Parliament]] for [[Gatton (UK Parliament constituency)|Gatton]]
| years = 1818 – 1820
| with = [[Abel Rous Dottin]]
}}
{{s-aft
| after = [[Jesse Watts-Russell]]
| after2 = [[Thomas Divett]]
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{{s-bef
| before = [[Michael Prendergast (MP)|Michael Prendergast]]
| before2 = [[Matthew Russell (MP)|Matthew Russell]]
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{{s-title
| title = [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Member of Parliament]] for [[Saltash (UK Parliament constituency)|Saltash]]
| years = 1820 – 1826
| with = [[Matthew Russell (MP)|Matthew Russell]] to 1822
| with2 = [[William Russell (1798–1850)|William Russell]] 1822–26
}}
{{s-aft
| after = [[Henry Monteith]]
| after2 = [[Andrew Spottiswoode]]
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{{s-end}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Fleming, John}}
[[Category:1747 births]]
[[Category:1829 deaths]]
[[Category:British surgeons]]
[[Category:British naturalists]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1818–1820]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1820–1826]]
[[Category:Indian Medical Service officers]]
[[Category:Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for English constituencies]]
[[Category:Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for constituencies in Cornwall]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Royal Society]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Linnean Society of London]]

John Fleming (Gatton and Saltash MP) - Revision history

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