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	{{Short description\|British Army officer (1931–2022)}}		{{Short description\|British Army officer (1931–2022)}}
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	==Personal life==		==Personal life==
	In 1959 Chapple married Annabel Hill, whom he met through a university friend; they have one son and three daughters. Their daughter, Rachel Lucy Chapple, is a social anthropologist.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.real-stories-gallery.org/content/rachel-chapple-phd-founder-real-stories-gallery-foundation-501c3 \|title="Welcome" by Rachel Chapple, PhD (Founder, Real Stories Gallery Foundation (501c) & www.real-stories-gallery.org) \|publisher=Real Stories Gallery \|access-date=18 December 2011 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130731140547/http://www.real-stories-gallery.org/content/rachel-chapple-phd-founder-real-stories-gallery-foundation-501c3 \|archive-date=31 July 2013 }}</ref> Their son, David Chapple, is a consultant orthopaedic and spinal surgeon.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.salisburyjournal.co.uk/news/9181957.Tributes_paid_to_boy_killed_in_polar_bear_attack/ \|title=Tributes paid to boy killed in polar bear attack (From Salisbury Journal) \|publisher=Salisburyjournal.co.uk \|date=6 August 2011 \|access-date=18 December ~~2022~~}}</ref><ref>{{cite news\|url= https://en.mercopress.com/2011/08/08/youth-killed-by-polar-bear-is-grandson-of-former-gibraltar-governor\|title= Youth killed by polar bear is grandson of former Gibraltar governor\|date=8 August 2011\|newspaper=Merco Press\|access-date=28 March 2022}}</ref>		In 1959 Chapple married Annabel Hill, whom he met through a university friend; they have one son and three daughters. Their daughter, Rachel Lucy Chapple, is a social anthropologist.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.real-stories-gallery.org/content/rachel-chapple-phd-founder-real-stories-gallery-foundation-501c3 \|title="Welcome" by Rachel Chapple, PhD (Founder, Real Stories Gallery Foundation (501c) & www.real-stories-gallery.org) \|publisher=Real Stories Gallery \|access-date=18 December 2011 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130731140547/http://www.real-stories-gallery.org/content/rachel-chapple-phd-founder-real-stories-gallery-foundation-501c3 \|archive-date=31 July 2013 }}</ref> Their son, David Chapple, is a consultant orthopaedic and spinal surgeon.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.salisburyjournal.co.uk/news/9181957.Tributes_paid_to_boy_killed_in_polar_bear_attack/ \|title=Tributes paid to boy killed in polar bear attack (From Salisbury Journal) \|publisher=Salisburyjournal.co.uk \|date=6 August 2011 \|access-date=18 December 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news\|url= https://en.mercopress.com/2011/08/08/youth-killed-by-polar-bear-is-grandson-of-former-gibraltar-governor\|title= Youth killed by polar bear is grandson of former Gibraltar governor\|date=8 August 2011\|newspaper=Merco Press\|access-date=28 March 2022}}</ref>

	Chapple's interests included [[military history]].<ref name=WW>''[[Who's Who (UK)\|Who's Who]] 2010'', [[A & C Black]], 2010, {{ISBN\|978-1-4081-1414-8}}</ref>		Chapple's interests included [[military history]].<ref name=WW>''[[Who's Who (UK)\|Who's Who]] 2010'', [[A & C Black]], 2010, {{ISBN\|978-1-4081-1414-8}}</ref>

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{{Short description|British Army officer (1931–2022)}}
{{Use British English|date=January 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2022}}
{{Infobox military person
| name = Sir John Chapple
| image = John Chapple.jpeg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| nickname =
| birth_date = {{birth date|1931|05|27|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Maida Vale]], [[London]], England
| death_date = {{death date and age|2022|03|25|1931|05|27|df=yes}}
| death_place = [[Salisbury]], [[Wiltshire]], England
| placeofburial =
| allegiance = United Kingdom
| branch = [[British Army]]
| serviceyears = 1950–1992
| rank = [[Field marshal (United Kingdom)|Field Marshal]]
| servicenumber = 410821
| unit = [[Royal Artillery]] [[King's Regiment (Liverpool)]] [[South Lancashire Regiment]] [[2nd King Edward VII's Own Gurkha Rifles (The Sirmoor Rifles)]]
| commands = {{ubl|[[Chief of the General Staff (United Kingdom)|Chief of the General Staff]]|[[Commander-in-Chief, Land Forces|Land Forces]]|[[Commander British Forces in Hong Kong]]|[[48th Brigade (United Kingdom)|Gurkha Field Force]]|1st Battalion, [[2nd King Edward VII's Own Gurkha Rifles (The Sirmoor Rifles)|2nd Gurkha Rifles]]}}
| battles = [[Malayan Emergency]] [[Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation]]
| awards = [[Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath]] [[Commander of the Order of the British Empire]]
| relations =
| laterwork = [[Governor of Gibraltar]] (1993–1995)
}}
{{Infobox viceroy styles
| image= [[File:Flag of the Governor of Gibraltar.svg|150px]]
| name= Sir John Chapple (1993–1995)
| dipstyle= His Excellency
| offstyle= Your Excellency
}}
[[Field marshal (United Kingdom)|Field Marshal]] '''Sir John Lyon Chapple''', {{postnominals|country=GBR|size=100%|sep=,|GCB|CBE}} (27 May 1931 – 25 March 2022) was a [[British Army]] officer who served as [[Chief of the General Staff (United Kingdom)|Chief of the General Staff]] (CGS), the professional head of the British Army, from 1988 to 1992. Early in his military career he saw action during the [[Malayan Emergency]] and again during the [[Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation]] and later in his career he provided advice to the [[Government of the United Kingdom|British government]] during the [[Gulf War]].

==Early life==
[[File:Haileybury College.jpg|thumb|left|Haileybury College where Chapple was educated]]
Chapple was born in [[Maida Vale]], London, to Charles Chapple and Elsie Lyon. Elsie was a doctor; Charles served in the army during the [[First World War]], first on the Western Front in France and later in Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq).<ref name="times">{{Cite news |title=Field Marshal Sir John Chapple obituary |url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/field-marshal-sir-john-chapple-obituary-q03zzzspw |date=26 March 2022 |access-date=2022-03-26|work=The Times |issn=0140-0460 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20220326200205/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/field-marshal-sir-john-chapple-obituary-q03zzzspw#selection-973.72-973.580 |archive-date=26 March 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Chapple attended [[Haileybury College]], his time there coinciding with the [[Second World War]]; on one occasion a German [[V-1 flying bomb]] landed near the school, damaging the buildings. At school, he discovered a passion for drama and took part in five expeditions with the [[British Exploring Society]].<ref name="times"/>

==Early military career==
Chapple undertook [[National Service]] and was commissioned as a [[second lieutenant]] in the [[Royal Artillery]] on 3 June 1950.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=38967 |supp=y|page=3616|date=14 July 1950}}</ref> He went to [[Trinity College, Cambridge]], in October 1951, studying German and history.<ref>Heathcote, Anthony p. 85</ref> While still at University, he transferred to the [[King's Regiment (Liverpool)]] as a [[second lieutenant]] on 4 December 1952,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=39877 |supp=y|page=3103|date=2 June 1953 |nolink=y}}</ref> and to the [[South Lancashire Regiment]] also in the same rank on 20 October 1953.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=40041 |supp=y|page=6801|date=11 December 1953 |nolink=y}}</ref> He became a [[Lieutenant (British Army and Royal Marines)|lieutenant]] in the South Lancashire Regiment on 27 May 1954<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=40183 |supp=y|page=3129|date=25 May 1954 |nolink=y}}</ref> and, on leaving University, transferred to the [[2nd King Edward VII's Own Gurkha Rifles (The Sirmoor Rifles)]] on 3 August 1954.<ref name="times" /><ref>{{London Gazette|issue=40265 |supp=y|page=5002|date=27 August 1954 |nolink=y}}</ref> retaining his rank as a lieutenant.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=40268 |supp=y|page=5064|date=31 August 1954 |nolink=y}}</ref>

At the time Chapple joined the Ghurkas, they were engaged in fighting in [[Federation of Malaya|Malaya]] during the [[Malayan Emergency]], against communist guerrillas attempting to overthrow British colonial rule. Chapple spent three years with the regiment in intense jungle combat in southern [[Johor]]. He was promoted to [[Captain (British Army and Royal Marines)|captain]] on 9 February 1957.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=40995 |supp=y|page=869|date=5 February 1957 |nolink=y}}</ref> In 1962, he was sent to the army's [[Staff College, Camberley]], in Surrey in preparation for higher rank, and then promoted [[Major (United Kingdom)|major]] on 9 February 1964.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=43241 |supp=y|page=1260|date=7 February 1964 |nolink=y}}</ref> He was sent to Germany to take up an administrative position in the [[British Army of the Rhine]] before re-joining the Ghurkas, this time in [[Borneo]], again involved in jungle warfare, this time against Indonesia as part of the [[Indonesian Confrontation]]. Appointed a [[Member of the Order of the British Empire]] in the [[Queen's Birthday Honours]] 1969<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=44863 |supp=y|page=5966|date=6 June 1969 |nolink=y}}</ref> and promoted to [[Lieutenant colonel (United Kingdom)|lieutenant colonel]] on 31 December,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=45013 |supp=y|page=216|date=5 January 1970 |nolink=y}}</ref> he was appointed [[commanding officer]] of the 1st Battalion, 2nd Gurkha Rifles in 1970. He commanded the battalion in Singapore, and then in Hong Kong, both British colonies at the time. The troops were stationed near the border between Hong Kong and China due to tensions between the new communist regime and the west.<ref name="times" />

Chapple was appointed to the Directing Staff at the Staff College, Camberley in 1972. After spending much of the year as a services fellow at [[Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge]] in 1973, he was posted to the Directorate of Staff Duties at the [[Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)|Ministry of Defence]] (MoD) at the end of the year, with promotion to [[Colonel (United Kingdom)|colonel]] on 31 December 1973.<ref name="pg86">Heathcote, Anthony p. 86</ref><ref>{{London Gazette|issue=46174 |supp=y|page=267|date=7 January 1974 |nolink=y}}</ref> During his tenure at the MoD, the army was faced with issues in Northern Ireland, the [[Turkish invasion of Cyprus]] (1974), while the newly installed [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour]] government sought to make defence cutbacks [[east of Suez]].<ref name="times" /> He was promoted to [[Brigadier (United Kingdom)|brigadier]] on 31 December 1975,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=46773 |supp=y|page=16369|date=29 December 1975 |nolink=y}}</ref> and given command of the [[Gurkha Field Force]], stationed in Hong Kong, in 1976. He became Principal Staff Officer to the [[Chief of the Defence Staff (United Kingdom)|Chief of the Defence Staff]] in 1978, serving first Marshal of the Royal Air Force [[Neil Cameron, Baron Cameron of Balhousie|Sir Neil Cameron]] and later Admiral of the Fleet [[Terence Lewin|Sir Terence Lewin]].<ref name="times" />

==High command==
He was appointed a [[Commander of the Order of the British Empire]] in the [[1980 Queen's Birthday Honours]],<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=48212 |supp=y|page=6|date=13 June 1980 |nolink=y}}</ref> and returned once more to Hong Kong as [[Commander British Forces in Hong Kong|Commander British Forces]] on 13 June 1980,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=48511 |supp=y|page=1561|date=2 February 1981 |nolink=y}}</ref> with the substantive rank of [[Major-general (United Kingdom)|major general]] from 1 January 1981.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=48574 |supp=y|page=5046|date=6 April 1981 |nolink=y}}</ref> He returned to the United Kingdom to be Director of Military Operations at the MoD on 19 October 1982.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=49156 |supp=y|page=14262|date=1 November 1982 |nolink=y}}</ref> Northern Ireland was again high on the army's agenda, and Chapple was among those advocating for prisoner of war status for [[Provisional Irish Republican Army]] prisoners, to allow their detention indefinitely. During his tenure, [[Margaret Thatcher]]'s government embarked on a programme of centralisation of the armed forces and Chapple represented the army on the committee overseeing it. The committee eliminated the position of [[Vice Chief of the General Staff (United Kingdom)|Vice Chief of the General Staff]], the deputy head of the army and the position which would have been Chapple's next post.<ref name="times" />

[[File:Challenger Desert Storm 1.jpg|thumb|left|Chapple advised the British Government during the Gulf War]]
Appointed a [[Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath]] in the [[1985 Queen's Birthday Honours]],<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=49969 |supp=y|page=2|date=31 December 1984 |nolink=y}}</ref> Chapple became the inaugural [[Deputy Chief of the Defence Staff|Deputy Chief of the Defence Staff (Programmes and Personnel)]] on 2 January 1985 in the rank of [[Lieutenant-general (United Kingdom)|lieutenant general]].<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=50013|page=871|date=21 January 1985 |nolink=y}}</ref> The post was a centralised one, with responsibilities to all three services, and resulted from the reforms Chapple had been part of in his previous position.<ref name="times" /> He was promoted to the rank of [[General (United Kingdom)|general]] on 29 June 1987,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=51009 |supp=y|page=9574|date=27 July 1987 |nolink=y}}</ref> and appointed Commander-in-Chief, [[United Kingdom Land Forces]]. He was appointed [[Aide-de-Camp General]] to [[Elizabeth II|the Queen]] on 6 October 1987<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=51080 |supp=y|page=12383|date=5 October 1987 |nolink=y}}</ref> and advanced to a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath (GCB) in the [[1988 Birthday Honours]].<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=51365 |supp=y|page=2|date=10 June 1988 |nolink=y}}</ref> After a relatively brief tour as commander-in-chief, his last appointment was as [[Chief of the General Staff (United Kingdom)|Chief of the General Staff]] (the professional head of the army) from 10 September 1988.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=51467 |supp=y|page=10255|date=12 September 1988 |nolink=y}}</ref> Chapple was in-post for the implementation of the [[Options for Change]] reforms brought in with the end of the [[Cold War]] served in this post, in which he provided military advice to the British Government on the conduct of the [[Gulf War]], until he retired with promotion to [[Field marshal (United Kingdom)|field marshal]] on 13 February 1992.<ref name="times" /><ref>{{London Gazette|issue=52834 |supp=y|page=2582|date=14 February 1992 |nolink=y}}</ref> Although widely expected to be the next [[Chief of the Defence Staff (United Kingdom)|Chief of the Defence Staff]] (professional head of all the armed forces), the post instead went to [[Peter Harding (RAF officer, born 1933)|Sir Peter Harding]] of the [[Royal Air Force]].<ref name="times" />

Chapple was appointed Colonel of the 2nd King Edward VII's Own Gurkha Rifles (The Sirmoor Rifles) on 14 September 1986,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=50663 |supp=y|page=10234|date=22 September 1986 |nolink=y}}</ref> and Honorary Colonel of the Oxford University Officers Training Corps on 21 July 1987.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=51009 |supp=y|page=9573|date=27 July 1987 |nolink=y}}</ref>

==Later career==
Chapple was also a trustee of the Gurkha Museum from 1973 to 2003, a trustee of the [[National Army Museum]] from 1981 to 2003, a trustee of the [[World Wide Fund for Nature|World Wildlife Fund UK]] from 1988 to 1993, President of the [[Zoological Society of London]] from 1992 to 1994 and [[Governor of Gibraltar]] from 1993 to 1995.<ref name="times"/>

==Personal life==
In 1959 Chapple married Annabel Hill, whom he met through a university friend; they have one son and three daughters. Their daughter, Rachel Lucy Chapple, is a social anthropologist.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.real-stories-gallery.org/content/rachel-chapple-phd-founder-real-stories-gallery-foundation-501c3 |title="Welcome" by Rachel Chapple, PhD (Founder, Real Stories Gallery Foundation (501c) & www.real-stories-gallery.org) |publisher=Real Stories Gallery |access-date=18 December 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130731140547/http://www.real-stories-gallery.org/content/rachel-chapple-phd-founder-real-stories-gallery-foundation-501c3 |archive-date=31 July 2013 }}</ref> Their son, David Chapple, is a consultant orthopaedic and spinal surgeon.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.salisburyjournal.co.uk/news/9181957.Tributes_paid_to_boy_killed_in_polar_bear_attack/ |title=Tributes paid to boy killed in polar bear attack (From Salisbury Journal) |publisher=Salisburyjournal.co.uk |date=6 August 2011 |access-date=18 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url= https://en.mercopress.com/2011/08/08/youth-killed-by-polar-bear-is-grandson-of-former-gibraltar-governor|title= Youth killed by polar bear is grandson of former Gibraltar governor|date=8 August 2011|newspaper=Merco Press|access-date=28 March 2022}}</ref>

Chapple's interests included [[military history]].<ref name=WW>''[[Who's Who (UK)|Who's Who]] 2010'', [[A & C Black]], 2010, {{ISBN|978-1-4081-1414-8}}</ref>

Chapple died on 25 March 2022, aged 90, at his home in Salisbury after a short illness.<ref name="times"/>

==See also==
* [[Indian Military Historical Society]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite book| title=The British Field Marshals 1736–1997| first=Tony| last=Heathcote| publisher=Pen & Sword| location=Barnsley (UK)| year=1999| isbn=0-85052-696-5}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-mil}}
{{succession box | before=[[Roy Redgrave (British Army officer)|Sir Roy Redgrave]] | title=[[Commander British Forces in Hong Kong|Commander of British Forces in Hong Kong]] | years=1980–1982 | after=[[Derek Boorman|Sir Derek Boorman]]}}
|-
{{s-new}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Deputy Chief of the Defence Staff|Deputy Chief of the Defence Staff (Programmes and Personnel)]]|years=1984–1987}}
{{s-aft|after=[[David Parry-Evans|Sir David Parry-Evans]]}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[James Glover (British Army officer)|Sir James Glover]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Commander-in-Chief, Land Forces|Commander in Chief, UK Land Forces]]|years=1987–1988}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Charles Huxtable (British Army officer)|Sir Charles Huxtable]]}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Nigel Bagnall|Sir Nigel Bagnall]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Chief of the General Staff (United Kingdom)|Chief of the General Staff]]|years=1988–1992}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Peter Inge, Baron Inge|Sir Peter Inge]]}}
{{s-gov}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Derek Reffell|Sir Derek Reffell]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Governor of Gibraltar]]|years=1993–1995}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Hugo White|Sir Hugo White]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{Chief of the General Staff}}
{{Governors of Gibraltar}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chapple, John}}
[[Category:1931 births]]
[[Category:2022 deaths]]
[[Category:South Lancashire Regiment officers]]
[[Category:Royal Artillery officers]]
[[Category:King's Regiment (Liverpool) officers]]
[[Category:Military personnel from London]]
[[Category:Graduates of the Staff College, Camberley]]
[[Category:People educated at Haileybury and Imperial Service College]]
[[Category:Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge]]
[[Category:Governors of Gibraltar]]
[[Category:British field marshals]]
[[Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath]]
[[Category:Commanders of the Order of the British Empire]]
[[Category:Officers of the Order of St John]]
[[Category:Royal Gurkha Rifles officers]]
[[Category:British military leaders of the Gulf War]]
[[Category:Presidents of the Zoological Society of London]]
[[Category:Chiefs of the General Staff (United Kingdom)]]
[[Category:British Army personnel of the Malayan Emergency]]
[[Category:British Army personnel of the Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation]]
[[Category:Fellows of Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge]]
[[Category:Academics of the Staff College, Camberley]]

John Chapple (British Army officer) - Revision history

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