John Carnac - Revision history

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← Older revision		Revision as of 19:14, 27 November 2022
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← Older revision		Revision as of 19:14, 27 November 2022
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	{{About\|the Commander-in-Chief of India\|Admiral John Rivett-Carnac, the Australian explorer\|John Rivett-Carnac}}		{{About\|the Commander-in-Chief of India\|Admiral John Rivett-Carnac, the Australian explorer\|John Rivett-Carnac}}
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	{{Infobox military person		{{Infobox military person
	\| name =John Carnac		\| name =John Carnac
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	==Military career==		==Military career==
	Educated at [[Trinity College, Dublin]],<ref name=odnb>[http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/4711 John Carnac at Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]</ref> John Carnac voyaged to [[British India\|India]] as a lieutenant in the [[39th (Dorsetshire) Regiment of Foot\|39th Regiment]] in 1754<ref name=odnb/> and served at [[Madras]] as secretary and aide-de-camp to the colonel of the regiment, [[John Adlercron]].<ref name=odnb/> He joined the service of the [[British East India Company\|East India Company]] as [[Captain (British Army and Royal Marines)\|Captain]] in 1758 after transferring from the 39th foot.<ref name=odnb/> After his arrival in [[Bengal]] he became secretary and aide-de-camp to [[Robert Clive]], governor of Bengal, and joined him in an expedition against the Prince [[Shah Alam II\|Ali Gauhar]], son of the Mughal emperor [[Alamgir II]].<ref name=odnb/>		Educated at [[Trinity College Dublin]],<ref name=odnb>[http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/4711 John Carnac at Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]</ref> John Carnac voyaged to [[British India\|India]] as a lieutenant in the [[39th (Dorsetshire) Regiment of Foot\|39th Regiment]] in 1754<ref name=odnb/> and served at [[Madras]] as secretary and aide-de-camp to the colonel of the regiment, [[John Adlercron]].<ref name=odnb/> He joined the service of the [[British East India Company\|East India Company]] as [[Captain (British Army and Royal Marines)\|Captain]] in 1758 after transferring from the 39th foot.<ref name=odnb/> After his arrival in [[Bengal]] he became secretary and aide-de-camp to [[Robert Clive]], governor of Bengal, and joined him in an expedition against the Prince [[Shah Alam II\|Ali Gauhar]], son of the Mughal emperor [[Alamgir II]].<ref name=odnb/>

	In 1761 he engaged with and defeated [[Shah Alam II]].<ref name=odnb/> He became Brigadier-General in 1764<ref name=odnb/> and participated with Clive in the negotiations with [[Shuja-ud-Daula]] and the Mughal emperor [[Shah Alam II]] in 1765.<ref name=odnb/>		In 1761 he engaged with and defeated [[Shah Alam II]].<ref name=odnb/> He became Brigadier-General in 1764<ref name=odnb/> and participated with Clive in the negotiations with [[Shuja-ud-Daula]] and the Mughal emperor [[Shah Alam II]] in 1765.<ref name=odnb/>

	In 1767, Carnac resigned from the company's service in January and returned to England.<ref name=odnb/> He purchased an estate near [[Ringwood]] in [[Hampshire]] and also participated in a largely unsuccessful housing development in [[Southampton]].<ref name=odnb/> From 1768 to 1773 he served as M.P. for [[Leominster (UK Parliament constituency)\|Leominster]]. In 1772 he was elected a [[Fellow of the Royal Society]].<ref>{{cite web \| url = http://www2.royalsociety.org/DServe/dserve.exe?dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Archive&dsqCmd=Show.tcl&dsqDb=Persons&dsqPos=0&dsqSearch=%28Surname%3D%27carnac%27%29\| title = Library and Archive Catalogue\|publisher= Royal Society\|access-date =2012-03-17}}</ref>		In 1767, Carnac resigned from the company's service in January and returned to England.<ref name=odnb/> He purchased an estate near [[Ringwood, Hampshire\|Ringwood]] in [[Hampshire]] and also participated in a largely unsuccessful housing development in [[Southampton]].<ref name=odnb/> From 1768 to 1773 he served as M.P. for [[Leominster (UK Parliament constituency)\|Leominster]]. In 1772 he was elected a [[Fellow of the Royal Society]].<ref>{{cite web \| url = http://www2.royalsociety.org/DServe/dserve.exe?dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Archive&dsqCmd=Show.tcl&dsqDb=Persons&dsqPos=0&dsqSearch=%28Surname%3D%27carnac%27%29\| title = Library and Archive Catalogue\|publisher= Royal Society\|access-date =2012-03-17}}</ref>

	By 1773 Carnac was short of money and he returned to India as a member of the Council at [[Bombay]].<ref name=odnb/> He was dismissed from the East India Company for his involvement in the Convention of Wadgaon in 1779<ref name=odnb/><ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/633788/Convention-of-Wadgaon\|title=Convention of Wadgaon \|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica}}</ref> and died at [[Mangalore]] in November 1800.<ref name=odnb/>		By 1773 Carnac was short of money and he returned to India as a member of the Council at [[Bombay]].<ref name=odnb/> He was dismissed from the East India Company for his involvement in the Convention of Wadgaon in 1779<ref name=odnb/><ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/633788/Convention-of-Wadgaon\|title=Convention of Wadgaon \|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica}}</ref> and died at [[Mangalore]] in November 1800.<ref name=odnb/>

	==Family==		==Family==
	[[File:Smith mrs carnac.jpg\|thumb\|~~Smith mrs carnac~~]]In 1765 John Carnac married Elizabeth Woollaston.<ref name=odnb/> Then in 1769 he married [[Elizabeth Catherine Rivett]]<ref name=odnb/> (1751–80), daughter of [[Thomas Rivett (1713-1763)]],<ref name="Wallace Collection Online">{{cite web \| url = http://wallacelive.wallacecollection.org/eMuseumPlus?service=ExternalInterface&module=collection&objectId=64925\| title = Joshua Reynolds, Mrs Elizabeth Carnac \|publisher = Wallace Collection Online \|access-date =2013-09-07}}</ref> who had been an MP and Mayor of Derby. A 1775-76 portrait of Mrs. Carnac by [[Sir Joshua Reynolds]] hangs in the Wallace Collection in London;<ref name="Wallace Collection Online"/> a 1778 mezzotint engraving by [[John Raphael Smith]] after Reynolds' painting is at the Art Museum of Estonia,<ref>{{cite web \| url = http://digikogu.ekm.ee/eng/fpage/search/oid-2273\| title = John Raphael Smith, Mrs. Elizabeth Carnac \|publisher = Art Museum of Estonia Digital Collection \|access-date =2013-09-07}}</ref> with a proof impression at the British Museum.<ref>{{cite web \| url = https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pd/j/john_raphael_smith,_mrs_carnac.aspx\| title = John Raphael Smith, Mrs Carnac, a mezzotint after a painting by Sir Joshua Reynolds \|publisher = British Museum\|access-date =2013-09-07}}</ref>		[[File:Smith mrs carnac.jpg\|thumb\|Mrs. Carnac]]In 1765 John Carnac married Elizabeth Woollaston.<ref name=odnb/> Then in 1769 he married [[Elizabeth Catherine Rivett]]<ref name=odnb/> (1751–80), daughter of [[Thomas Rivett (1713-1763)]],<ref name="Wallace Collection Online">{{cite web \| url = http://wallacelive.wallacecollection.org/eMuseumPlus?service=ExternalInterface&module=collection&objectId=64925\| title = Joshua Reynolds, Mrs Elizabeth Carnac \|publisher = Wallace Collection Online \|access-date =2013-09-07}}</ref> who had been an MP and Mayor of Derby. A 1775-76 portrait of Mrs. Carnac by [[Sir Joshua Reynolds]] hangs in the Wallace Collection in London;<ref name="Wallace Collection Online"/> a 1778 mezzotint engraving by [[John Raphael Smith]] after Reynolds' painting is at the Art Museum of Estonia,<ref>{{cite web \| url = http://digikogu.ekm.ee/eng/fpage/search/oid-2273\| title = John Raphael Smith, Mrs. Elizabeth Carnac \|publisher = Art Museum of Estonia Digital Collection \|access-date =2013-09-07}}</ref> with a proof impression at the British Museum.<ref>{{cite web \| url = https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pd/j/john_raphael_smith,_mrs_carnac.aspx\| title = John Raphael Smith, Mrs Carnac, a mezzotint after a painting by Sir Joshua Reynolds \|publisher = British Museum\|access-date =2013-09-07}}</ref>

	[[File:The Success hove down to the Couizer -ca. 1829-1830-.jpg\|300px\|thumbnail\|''Success'' undergoing repairs after running aground on Carnac Reef, 1829-30]]		[[File:The Success hove down to the Couizer -ca. 1829-1830-.jpg\|300px\|thumbnail\|''Success'' undergoing repairs after running aground on Carnac Reef, 1829-30]]
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{{About|the Commander-in-Chief of India|Admiral John Rivett-Carnac, the Australian explorer|John Rivett-Carnac}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2013}}
{{Infobox military person
| name =John Carnac
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date =1716
| death_date =29 November 1800
| placeofburial_label =
| placeofburial =
| birth_place =
| death_place =[[Mangalore]], [[British India]]
| placeofburial_coordinates = 
| nickname =
| allegiance ={{flag|Kingdom of Great Britain}}
| branch =[[British Army]]
| serviceyears =
| rank =[[Brigadier General]]
| unit =
| commands =[[Indian Army]]
| battles =
| awards =
| relations =
| laterwork =
}}
[[Brigadier|Brigadier-General]] '''John Carnac''' (1716 – 29 November 1800) was a British officer who served three times as [[Commander-in-Chief, India|Commander-in-Chief of India]]. The son of Capt. Peter Carnac (1665–1756), and Andrienne, née Lelonte (d. c.1762), he was baptised in London.

==Military career==
Educated at [[Trinity College, Dublin]],<ref name=odnb>[http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/4711 John Carnac at Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]</ref> John Carnac voyaged to [[British India|India]] as a lieutenant in the [[39th (Dorsetshire) Regiment of Foot|39th Regiment]] in 1754<ref name=odnb/> and served at [[Madras]] as secretary and aide-de-camp to the colonel of the regiment, [[John Adlercron]].<ref name=odnb/> He joined the service of the [[British East India Company|East India Company]] as [[Captain (British Army and Royal Marines)|Captain]] in 1758 after transferring from the 39th foot.<ref name=odnb/> After his arrival in [[Bengal]] he became secretary and aide-de-camp to [[Robert Clive]], governor of Bengal, and joined him in an expedition against the Prince [[Shah Alam II|Ali Gauhar]], son of the Mughal emperor [[Alamgir II]].<ref name=odnb/>

In 1761 he engaged with and defeated [[Shah Alam II]].<ref name=odnb/> He became Brigadier-General in 1764<ref name=odnb/> and participated with Clive in the negotiations with [[Shuja-ud-Daula]] and the Mughal emperor [[Shah Alam II]] in 1765.<ref name=odnb/>

In 1767, Carnac resigned from the company's service in January and returned to England.<ref name=odnb/> He purchased an estate near [[Ringwood]] in [[Hampshire]] and also participated in a largely unsuccessful housing development in [[Southampton]].<ref name=odnb/> From 1768 to 1773 he served as M.P. for [[Leominster (UK Parliament constituency)|Leominster]]. In 1772 he was elected a [[Fellow of the Royal Society]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www2.royalsociety.org/DServe/dserve.exe?dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Archive&dsqCmd=Show.tcl&dsqDb=Persons&dsqPos=0&dsqSearch=%28Surname%3D%27carnac%27%29| title = Library and Archive Catalogue|publisher= Royal Society|access-date =2012-03-17}}</ref>

By 1773 Carnac was short of money and he returned to India as a member of the Council at [[Bombay]].<ref name=odnb/> He was dismissed from the East India Company for his involvement in the Convention of Wadgaon in 1779<ref name=odnb/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/633788/Convention-of-Wadgaon|title=Convention of Wadgaon |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica}}</ref> and died at [[Mangalore]] in November 1800.<ref name=odnb/>

==Family==
[[File:Smith mrs carnac.jpg|thumb|Smith mrs carnac]]In 1765 John Carnac married Elizabeth Woollaston.<ref name=odnb/> Then in 1769 he married [[Elizabeth Catherine Rivett]]<ref name=odnb/> (1751–80), daughter of [[Thomas Rivett (1713-1763)]],<ref name="Wallace Collection Online">{{cite web | url = http://wallacelive.wallacecollection.org/eMuseumPlus?service=ExternalInterface&module=collection&objectId=64925| title = Joshua Reynolds, Mrs Elizabeth Carnac |publisher = Wallace Collection Online |access-date =2013-09-07}}</ref> who had been an MP and Mayor of Derby. A 1775-76 portrait of Mrs. Carnac by [[Sir Joshua Reynolds]] hangs in the Wallace Collection in London;<ref name="Wallace Collection Online"/> a 1778 mezzotint engraving by [[John Raphael Smith]] after Reynolds' painting is at the Art Museum of Estonia,<ref>{{cite web | url = http://digikogu.ekm.ee/eng/fpage/search/oid-2273| title = John Raphael Smith, Mrs. Elizabeth Carnac |publisher = Art Museum of Estonia Digital Collection |access-date =2013-09-07}}</ref> with a proof impression at the British Museum.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pd/j/john_raphael_smith,_mrs_carnac.aspx| title = John Raphael Smith, Mrs Carnac, a mezzotint after a painting by Sir Joshua Reynolds |publisher = British Museum|access-date =2013-09-07}}</ref>

[[File:The Success hove down to the Couizer -ca. 1829-1830-.jpg|300px|thumbnail|''Success'' undergoing repairs after running aground on Carnac Reef, 1829-30]]
John Carnac's last will and testament made his brother-in-law James Rivett his heir, provided that he assumed the additional name of Carnac, which he did in 1801.<ref name=odnb/> Two of James's sons became famous: Sir [[James Rivett-Carnac]], 1st Bt, became a Governor of [[Bombay Presidency]], while Admiral [[John Rivett-Carnac]] became an early explorer of Australia, where [[Carnac Island]] was named in his honor by Captain [[James Stirling (Royal Navy officer)|James Stirling]] when Rivett-Carnac was first lieutenant on {{HMS|Success|1825|6}} on the [[Swan River expedition of 1827]].

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~usher/ushersct/6219.htm James Rivett] profile. Retrieved 10 March 2009.
*[http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~usher/ushersct/153.htm Usher Family in Scotland: John Carnac] profile. Retrieved 10 March 2009.
*[http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~usher/ushersct/152.htm Usher Family in Scotland: Elizabeth Rivett, later Carnac] profile. Retrieved 10 March 2009.

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{{Commander-in-Chief, India}}

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{{s-bef
| before = [[Edward Willes (1723–1787)|Edward Willes]]
| before2 = [[Jenison Shafto]]
}}
{{S-ttl
| title = [[Member of Parliament]] for [[Leominster (UK Parliament constituency)|Leominster]]
| years = 1768–[[1774 British general election|1774]]
| with = [[Jenison Shafto]] to March 1768
| with2 = [[John Bateman, 2nd Viscount Bateman|The Viscount Bateman]] from March 1768
}}
{{s-aft
| after = [[John Bateman, 2nd Viscount Bateman|The Viscount Bateman]]
| after2 = [[Thomas Hill (Leominster MP)|Thomas Hill]]
}}
{{s-end}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2010}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Carnac, John}}
[[Category:Administrators in British India]]
[[Category:39th Regiment of Foot officers]]
[[Category:British East India Company Army generals]]
[[Category:1716 births]]
[[Category:1800 deaths]]
[[Category:British Commanders-in-Chief of India]]
[[Category:Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for English constituencies]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Royal Society]]
[[Category:British MPs 1768–1774]]