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'''John Adam''' (4 May 1779 – 4 June 1825) was a British administrator in India, serving as the acting [[Governor-General of India|Governor-General]] of the [[British East India Company]] in 1823.

==Life==
[[File:The memorial to John Adam in the Adam mausoleum, Greyfriars kirkyard.jpg|thumb|The memorial to John Adam in the Adam mausoleum, Greyfriars kirkyard]]
The eldest son of [[William Adam of Blair Adam]], he was born on 4 May 1779, and was educated at [[Charterhouse School]]. He received a writership on the Bengal establishment in 1794; and, after a year at [[Edinburgh University]], landed at [[Calcutta]] in [[India]] in February 1796<ref name="DNB">{{cite DNB|last=Cotton|first=James Sutherland|wstitle=Adam, John|volume=1}}</ref> to work for the [[East India Company]].<ref name=MonumentsAndMonumentalInscriptions>Monuments and monumental inscriptions in Scotland: The Grampian Society, 1871</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Ayers|first=Sydney|date=July 2019|title=An English Country House in Calcutta: mapping networks between Government House, the statesman John Adam, and the architect Robert Adam|url=https://journals.openedition.org/abe/6193|journal=ABE Journal|volume=14-15}}</ref>

Most of Adam's career was spent in the secretariat.<ref name=":0" /> He was private as well as political secretary to the [[Francis Rawdon-Hastings, 1st Marquess of Hastings|Marquess of Hastings]], whom he accompanied in the field during the [[Third Anglo-Maratha War]]. In 1817 he was nominated by the court of directors a member of council.<ref name="DNB"/> In 1819 he became a member of the Supreme Council of India.<ref name=":0" />

As senior member of council, Adam became Acting Governor General of India on Lord Hastings's departure in January 1823.<ref name=":0" /> His rule lasted for seven months, until the arrival of [[William Amherst, 1st Earl Amherst|Lord Amherst]] in August of the same year. It saw the suppression of the freedom of the English press in India. [[James Silk Buckingham]] had established the ''[[Calcutta Journal]]'', which published severe comments on the government. Adam cancelled Buckingham's license for residence in India, and passed regulations restricting newspaper criticism. Buckingham appealed to the court of proprietors at home, to the House of Commons, and to the Privy Council; but the action of Adam was upheld by each of these three bodies. Another unpopular act of Adam's governor-generalship was to withdraw official support from the banking firm of Palmer, who had acquired great influence with the [[Mir Akbar Ali Khan Sikander Jah, Asaf Jah III|Nizam of Hyderabad]].<ref name="DNB"/>

Adam also appropriated public money for the encouragement of Indian education. His health broke down and he left his job and he left in March 1825. After a voyage to [[Bombay]], and a visit to [[Almorah]] in the lower Himalayas, he embarked on a ship to return him to his parents in Britain. He died off the coast of [[Madagascar]] on 4 June 1825.<ref name="DNB"/> He was buried at sea but he is memorialised within the family tomb in [[Greyfriars Kirkyard]] in [[Edinburgh]].<ref name=MonumentsAndMonumentalInscriptions /><ref name=":0" /> A tomb monument to Adam was also erected in 1827 in Cathedral of Calcutta, now known as St. John's Church.<ref name=":0" />

== The ''John Adam''==

The ''John Adam'' was an Indian-built ship of about 580 tons burthen, appointed in 1821 for the accommodation of the mission of [[John Crawfurd]] to the Courts of Siam and Cochin China.<ref name = "Crawfurd">{{cite book
|last= Crawfurd |first= John |author-link= John Crawfurd
|title= Journal of an Embassy from the Governor-general of India to the Courts of Siam and Cochin China
|url= https://archive.org/details/journalanembass04crawgoog
|volume= 1
|date= August 2006
|orig-year= First published 1830
|publisher= H. Colburn and R. Bentley
|location= London |oclc= 03452414
|chapter= I
|access-date= February 2, 2012
|edition= 2nd
}}</ref>

== References ==

{{reflist}}
*{{cite web |url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/104 |title=Adam, John (1779–1825), administrator in India |work=[[Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]] |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |first=Katherine |last=Prior |date=September 2004 |access-date=24 July 2009}} {{DNBfirst|last=Cotton|first=James Sutherland|wstitle=Adam, John|volume=1|page=}}
*Ayers, Sydney (July 2019). "[https://journals.openedition.org/abe/6193 An English Country House in Calcutta: mapping networks between Government House, the statesman John Adam, and the architect Robert Adam]." ''ABE Journal.''

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

;Attribution
{{DNB|last=Cotton|first=James Sutherland|wstitle=Adam, John|volume=1}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-gov}}
{{succession box
| before=[[Francis Rawdon-Hastings, 1st Marquess of Hastings|The Earl of Moira]]
| title=[[Governor-General of India]], ''acting'' | years=1823
| after=[[William Amherst, 1st Earl Amherst|The Lord Amherst]]
}}
{{end}}

{{Viceroys of India}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Adam, John}}
[[Category:1779 births]]
[[Category:1825 deaths]]
[[Category:People educated at Charterhouse School]]
[[Category:Viceroys of India]]
[[Category:Governors-General of India]]
[[Category:British people of the First Anglo-Burmese War]]

John Adam (administrator) - Revision history

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