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<p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{Short description|British Army officer (1772–1817)}}<br />
{{other people||John Abercrombie (disambiguation)}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}<br />
{{Infobox military person <br />
|name= Sir John Abercromby<br />
|birth_date=2 April 1772 <br />
|death_date={{death-date and age|14 February 1817|2 April 1772}}<br />
|birth_place=<br />
|death_place=<br />
|image=Death of Gen Sir Ralph Abercrombie by Sir Robert Ker Porter (detail).jpg<br />
|caption=John Ambercromby (left=18) at his father's death (1801)<br />
|nickname=<br />
|allegiance={{UK}}<br />
|serviceyears= <br />
|rank=[[Lieutenant-General]]<br />
|commands=Bombay Army<br />[[Madras Army]]<br />
|battles=[[Napoleonic Wars]]<br />
|awards=[[Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath]]<br />
}}<br />
[[Lieutenant-General]] '''Sir John Abercromby''' or '''Abercrombie''' [[Order of the Bath|GCB]] (2 April 1772 &ndash; 14 February 1817) was a [[British Army]] officer and [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Member of Parliament]] (MP) for [[Clackmannanshire (UK Parliament constituency)|Clackmannanshire]] from 1815 to 1817.<ref name=odnb/><br />
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==Family and early life==<br />
John Abercromby was born the son of Lt.-Gen. Sir [[Ralph Abercromby]] and [[Mary Abercromby, 1st Baroness Abercromby]].<ref name=Lundy-Pine/> He had an elder brother [[George Abercromby, 2nd Baron Abercromby|George]], who was born in 1770,<ref name=Lundy-Cokayne>{{cite book |last=Cokayne |first=George Edward |date=1887 |title=The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and The United Kingdom extant, extinct, or dormant |volume=1 A to Bo |publisher=George Bell & Sons |edition=1 |place=London |url=https://archive.org/details/completepeerage01cokahrish |page=9}}</ref> and two younger brothers, of whom [[James Abercromby, 1st Baron Dunfermline|James]] was born in 1776 and [[Alexander Abercromby (British Army officer)|Alexander]] in 1784.<ref name=Lundy-Pine>{{Cite book |last=Pine |first=L.G. |year=1972 |title=The New Extinct Peerage 1884–1971: Containing Extinct, Abeyant, Dormant and Suspended Peerages With Genealogies and Arms |location=London |publisher=Heraldry Today |page=1}}</ref> Abercromby also had three sisters, Anne, Mary, and Catherine.<br />
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==Career==<br />
===1782-1802===<br />
Abercromby entered the army in 1782 as a cornet in the [[4th Dragoons]],<ref>R. G. Thorne, [http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1790-1820/member/abercromby-sir-john-1772-1817 ABERCROMBY, Sir John (1772-1817), of Tullibody, Clackmannan.] in ''[[The History of Parliament]]: the House of Commons 1790-1820'', 1986.</ref> transferring in 1786 as an ensign to the [[75th (Stirlingshire) Regiment of Foot|75th Highland Regiment]].<ref name=odnb>[http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/43?docPos=2 Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]</ref> He gained promotion to [[Lieutenant (British Army and Royal Marines)|lieutenant]] in 1787, and to captain in 1792.<ref name=odnb/> He subsequently served as an [[aide-de-camp|ADC]] to his father during campaigns in [[Flanders]] (1793–1794), the [[West Indies]] (1796–1797), [[Ireland]] (1798) and against the [[Batavian Republic]] (1799).<ref name=odnb/> Promoted to colonel in 1800, he left his father's staff, but became deputy [[adjutant general]] and served under [[John Hely-Hutchinson, 2nd Earl of Donoughmore|General Hutchinson]] in the force led by his father to [[Egypt]] (1801). His father died in battle at [[Alexandria]]; but John continued to render admirable service, for which General Hutchinson commended him.<ref name=odnb/><br />
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===1803-1817===<br />
When war broke out anew in 1803 the French detained Abercromby whilst he was travelling in France and imprisoned him at [[Verdun]] for the next five years.<ref name=odnb/> During his captivity he received promotion to major-general in 1805 and the appointment for life as Colonel of the [[53rd Regiment of Foot]] in 1807. Exchanged in 1808 for General [[Antoine François Brenier de Montmorand|Brenier]], he became Commander-in-Chief of the [[Bombay Army]] in 1809.<ref name=odnb/> From there he led the forces that captured [[Mauritius]] in 1810,<ref>[[Chambers Biographical Dictionary]], {{ISBN|0-550-18022-2}}, page 4</ref> returning to Bombay in 1811. In 1813 he transferred to become Commander-in-Chief of the [[Madras Army]] and temporary acting [[Governor of Madras]], with promotion to lieutenant-general.<ref name=odnb/> The Indian climate had broken his health, however, and he had to return to Britain at the end of 1813, where he was knighted [[Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath|KCB]].<ref name=odnb/><br />
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He was invested [[Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath|GCB]] in 1815, and succeeded his elder brother [[George Abercromby, 2nd Baron Abercromby|George]] as [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Member of Parliament]] (MP) for [[Clackmannanshire (UK Parliament constituency)|Clackmannanshire]]. However, his worsening health drove him to the Continent, and he died in [[Marseilles]] in 1817.<ref name=odnb/><br />
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==See also==<br />
*[[Records of members of parliament of the United Kingdom]]<br />
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== References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
* [http://www.scottish-places.info/people/famousfirst2866.html The Gazetteer for Scotland]<br />
* [http://www.thepeerage.com/e44.htm thePeerage.com]<br />
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== External links ==<br />
* {{Hansard-contribs | sir-john-abercromby | Sir John Abercromby }}<br />
* {{NPG name}}<br />
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{{s-start}}<br />
{{s-mil}}<br />
{{s-bef|before=[[Oliver Nicolls]]}} <br />
{{s-ttl|title=[[Bombay Army|C-in-C, Bombay Army]]|years=1809&ndash;1813}}<br />
{{s-aft|after=[[Miles Nightingall|Sir Miles Nightingall]]}}<br />
|-<br />
{{s-bef|before=[[Samuel Auchmuty (British Army officer)|Sir Samuel Auchmuty]]}} <br />
{{s-ttl|title=[[Madras Army|C-in-C, Madras Army]]|years=1813}}<br />
{{s-aft|after=[[Sir Thomas Hislop, 1st Baronet|Sir Thomas Hislop]]}}<br />
|-<br />
{{s-bef|before=Charles Crosbie}} <br />
{{s-ttl|title=Colonel of the [[53rd (Shropshire) Regiment of Foot]]|years=1807&ndash;1817}}<br />
{{s-aft|after=[[Rowland Hill, 1st Viscount Hill|Rowland Lord Hill]]}}<br />
|-<br />
{{s-par|uk}}<br />
{{Succession box| title=[[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Member of Parliament]] for [[Clackmannanshire (UK Parliament constituency)|Clackmannanshire]] | years=1815–1817 | before=[[George Abercromby, 2nd Baron Abercromby|George Abercromby]] | after=[[Alexander Abercromby (army officer)|Alexander Abercromby]]}}<br />
{{S-end}}<br />
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{{Authority control}}<br />
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Abercromby, John}}<br />
[[Category:1772 births]]<br />
[[Category:1817 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:British Army lieutenant generals]]<br />
[[Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath]]<br />
[[Category:UK MPs 1812–1818]]<br />
[[Category:Gordon Highlanders officers]]<br />
[[Category:British Army personnel of the French Revolutionary Wars]]<br />
[[Category:People of the Irish Rebellion of 1798]]<br />
[[Category:British Army personnel of the Napoleonic Wars]]<br />
[[Category:Napoleonic Wars prisoners of war held by France]]<br />
[[Category:British prisoners of war (Napoleonic Wars)]]<br />
[[Category:Commanders-in-chief of Bombay]]<br />
[[Category:Whig (British political party) MPs for Scottish constituencies]]<br />
[[Category:Abercromby family|John]]<br />
[[Category:Younger sons of barons]]</div>Bot