Moshiurrahmanatik at 11:37, 6 June 2025

2025-06-06T11:37:44Z

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{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}
{{Infobox building
| image = Bijapur - Jod Gumbaz.jpg
| location = [[Bijapur]]
| location_country = India
| coordinates = {{Coord|16|49|31|N|75|42|44|E|display=inline,title}}
}}

'''Jod Gumbaz''' is a complex of two tombs located in [[Bijapur]], in the Indian state of [[Karnataka]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=DHNS |title=Where kings & traitors rest |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/karnataka/where-kings-traitors-rest-1996309 |access-date=30 October 2023 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en |archive-date=30 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231030105653/https://www.deccanherald.com/india/karnataka/where-kings-traitors-rest-1996309 |url-status=live }}</ref> Built during the late [[Adil Shahi dynasty|Adil Shahi]] period and completed in 1687,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://architecturalheritage.intach.org/?page_id=990 |title=Heritage at Risk Register |website=[[INTACH]] |access-date=2 January 2024 |archive-date=12 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230912194025/http://architecturalheritage.intach.org/?page_id=990 |url-status=live }}</ref> it contains the tombs of Khan Muhammad and his spiritual advisor Abdul Razzaq Qadiri. A third, smaller tomb is located towards the west of the complex.

== Background ==
The Jod Gumbaz dates back to the late [[Adil Shahi dynasty|Adil Shahi]] period. The tombs were erected for Khan Muhammad and his spiritual advisor Abdul Razzaq Qadiri.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last1=Michell |first1=George |url=https://the-deccan.in/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/cambridge_history_michell_zebrowski_art_architecture_deccan_sultanates.pdf |title=Architecture and Art of the Deccan Sultanates |last2=Zebrowski |first2=Mark |publisher=Cambridge University Press |series=[[The New Cambridge History of India]] I : 7 |pages=96 |access-date= |archive-date=18 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230718003730/https://the-deccan.in/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/cambridge_history_michell_zebrowski_art_architecture_deccan_sultanates.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

Khan Muhammad "the traitor" was a military commander in service of the Adil Shahis, and had been bribed into switching allegiances in favour of the [[Mughal Empire|Mughals]]. This information was given to the Adil Shahi ruler by [[Afzal Khan (general)|Afzal Khan]], who was also in the field. Khan Muhammad was recalled to [[Bijapur]], and was assassinated. Subsequently, the Mughal emperor [[Aurangzeb]] ordered that a mausoleum be built for him using the taxes paid by Bijapur to the Mughals for one year. Later, Khan Muhammad's son, entitled Khawas Khan, who was also executed for his allegiance to the Mughals, was also buried within the same tomb. The tomb of Abdul Razzaq [[Qadiriyya|Qadiri]], who was Khan Muhammad's [[Murshid|spiritual advisor]] was also built around the same time.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Cousens |first=Henry |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q2goAAAAYAAJ&q=Makka+Masjid+Bijapur |title=Bijapur, the Capital of the Adil Shahi Kings: A Guide to Its Ruins |date=1905 |publisher=Scottish Mission Industries Company |pages=83–85 |language=en |access-date=30 October 2023 |archive-date=30 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231030105653/https://books.google.com/books?id=Q2goAAAAYAAJ&q=Makka+Masjid+Bijapur |url-status=live }}</ref>
[[File:Tombs of Negro Nobles, Beejapoor (9183708815).jpg|thumb|The Jod Gumbaz, described as "Tombs of Negro Nobles, Beejapoor", photographed by Henry Hinton, ca. 1855–1862]]
During the [[British Raj|British period]], the tomb of Khan Muhammad was used as an office and dwelling for the executive engineer.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Murray |first=John |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gOUwAQAAMAAJ&dq=%22jor+gumbaz%22&pg=PA367 |title=A Handbook for Travellers in India, Burma, and Ceylon |publisher= |year=1906 |pages=367 |language=en |access-date=30 October 2023 |archive-date=30 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231030221031/https://books.google.com/books?id=gOUwAQAAMAAJ&dq=%22jor+gumbaz%22&pg=PA367 |url-status=live }}</ref> The compound was being used for the residence of the sessions judge of Bijapur up until 1918, when the [[Archaeological Survey of India]] cleared all encroachments.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Marshall |first=John |url=https://ignca.gov.in/Asi_data/21738.pdf |title=Annual Report of the Director-General of Archaeology in India, 1919–1920 |publisher=Superintendent Government Printing |year=1922 |location=Calcutta |pages=7–8 |author-link=John Marshall (archaeologist) |access-date=30 October 2023 |archive-date=14 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231014045554/http://ignca.gov.in/Asi_data/21738.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> Due to the reverence Muslims had for Abdul Razzaq, his tomb was not repurposed.<ref name=":0" /> The complex is now protected as a [[Monuments of National Importance (India)|monument of national importance]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=List of Centrally Protected Monuments / Sites under the jurisdiction of Karnataka (Bangalore Circle, Dharwad Circle and Hampi Circle) |url=https://asi.nic.in/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Karnataka-Bangalore-Circle-Dharwad-Circle-and-Hampi-Circle.pdf |website=[[Archaeological Survey of India]] |access-date=30 October 2023 |archive-date=1 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230701123128/https://asi.nic.in/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Karnataka-Bangalore-Circle-Dharwad-Circle-and-Hampi-Circle.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[File:Jod Gumbad.jpg|thumb|The tomb of Khan Muhammad]]
The tombs are located on a high elevation, because the vaults are located above ground level, which is usually not the case.<ref name=":0" /> The tomb of Khan Muhammad is an octagonal building to the south of the complex.<ref name=":0" /> A [[trefoil]]-patterned [[parapet]] rises above the hall, with [[Finial|finials]] at each corner.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nikam |first=Khaiser |last2=Guruprasad |first2=R |last3=Mudkavi |first3=Vidyadhar |date=24 October 2007 |title=Digital Preservation of Indian Cultural Heritage: Historical Monuments of Bijapur City |url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/11874309.pdf |access-date=6 December 2023 |archive-date=7 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207181435/https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/11874309.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> It is surmounted by a dome, resting on a lotus-shaped base. Abdul Razzaq Qadiri's tomb is a square building to the north of the complex, and larger than the tomb of Khan Muhammad.<ref name=":0" /> It is similar in design, with the trefoil patterned parapet, finials on the corners, and dome rising above a lotus-shaped base. This mausoleum is revered as a [[dargah]].<ref name=":1" /> A smaller mausoleum located towards the west of the Jod Gumbaz is the burial place of Sidi Rehan, an officer during the reign of [[Mohammed Adil Shah, Sultan of Bijapur|Muhammad Adil Shah]].<ref name=":0" />

==See also==
*[[List of Monuments of National Importance in Bijapur district, Karnataka]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Category:Monuments of National Importance in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Bijapur, Karnataka]]
[[Category:Tombs in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1687]]

Jod Gumbaz - Revision history

Moshiurrahmanatik at 11:37, 6 June 2025