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{{Infobox officeholder
|name=Joan Raymond
|image=
| birth_date = {{birth date|1936|02|01}}
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2017|02|22|1936|02|01}}
| death_place = [[Melbourne, Florida]]
|caption=
|office=Superintendent of the [[Houston Independent School District]]
|term_start=1986
|term_end=1991
|predecessor=[[Billy Reagan]]
|successor=[[Frank Petruzielo]]
|office2=Superintendent of the [[South Bend Community School Corporation]]
|term_start2=2000
|term_end2=2006
|predecessor2=????
|successor2=Robert L. Zimmerman
}}
''' Joan M. Raymond'''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sbcsc.k12.in.us/ |title=Home |publisher=[[South Bend Community School Corporation]] |date=2000-08-16 |accessdate=2022-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000816095412/http://www.sbcsc.k12.in.us/ |archive-date=16 August 2000 |url-status=dead}}</ref> (February 1, 1936 – February 22, 2017<ref name=Birthdeath>{{cite web|url=https://www.beckman-williamson.com/obituary/Joan-Raymond|title=Joan Raymond|publisher=Beckman-Williamson Funeral Homes & Crem.|accessdate=2022-02-26}}</ref>) was a school district superintendent. She was such of [[Houston Independent School District]] (HISD) from 1986,<ref name=McAdamsp1>McAdams, Donald R. ''Fighting to Save Our Urban Schools-- and Winning!: Lessons from Houston''. [[Teachers College Press]], 2000. {{ISBN|0807738840}}, 9780807738849. p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=4eY4cg07-CAC&pg=PA1 1].</ref> until 1991,<ref name=McAdamsp2>McAdams, Donald R. ''Fighting to Save Our Urban Schools-- and Winning!: Lessons from Houston''. [[Teachers College Press]], 2000. {{ISBN|0807738840}}, 9780807738849. p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=4eY4cg07-CAC&pg=PA2 2].</ref> as well as for the [[Yonkers Public Schools]], [[Elmhurst Community Unit School District 205]], and the [[South Bend Community School Corporation]].

She originated from the [[Northern United States]],<ref name=McAdamsp2/> and matriculated from [[Ripon College (Wisconsin)|Ripon College]] (bachelor's in liberal arts), [[DePaul University]] (master's degree in history), and [[Northwestern University]] (PhD in school administration).<ref name=SouthBendProf>{{cite web |url=http://www.sbcsc.k12.in.us/biography.htm |title=Joan M. Raymond |publisher=[[South Bend Community School Corporation]] |date=2006-01-06 |accessdate=2022-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060106204528/http://www.sbcsc.k12.in.us/biography.htm |archive-date=6 January 2006 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Career==
Her first job in the education sector was for [[Chicago Public Schools]],<ref name=McAdamsp1/> where she served as a teacher, then as a guidance counselor, and in 1979, in administrative areas including being the assistant superintendent. From 1979 to 1986 she served as the superintendent of [[Yonkers Public Schools]].<ref name=SouthBendProf/>

She began her term as HISD superintendent circa September 1986, replacing [[Billy Reagan]].<ref name=TexasMonthlyp5>Curtis, Gregory. "Behind the Lines: Mrs. Spates and Dr. Raymond" ''[[Texas Monthly]]''. September 1987. Volume 5, Issue 9. ISSN 0148-7736. Start: p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=ICoEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA5 5]. CITED: p. 5.</ref>

Former HISD board member Donald R. McAdams described Raymond as "smart, informed, and decisive",<ref name=McAdamsp1/> and that the majority of the HISD board and business leaders in Houston approved of her. In 1985 the [[Texas Education Agency]] had downgraded the accreditation of HISD, but the district, under her leadership, recovered its accreditation.<ref name=McAdamsp2/> In addition, the district, by June and July 1987, the district had a $30 million surplus despite general budget issues in the state at the time.<ref name=TexasMonthlyp5/> McAdams added that Raymond "had to be in control of everything she touched",<ref name=McAdamsp1/> and that "intimidation" was a feature of her tenure.<ref name=McAdamsp2/> Elizabeth Spates, an African-American board member, opposed Raymond, stating that she was a "hireling" and that she could not adapt to the [[culture of the Southern United States]].<ref name=TexasMonthlyp5/>

Raymond initiated the concept of [[The Rice School]], which opened in 1994.<ref name=FleckWhatwent>{{cite web|author=Fleck, Tim|url=http://www.houstonpress.com/news/what-went-wrong-at-the-rice-school-6570776|title=What Went Wrong at the Rice School?|work=[[Houston Press]]|date=1997-08-21|access-date=2020-04-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151018054935/http://www.houstonpress.com/news/what-went-wrong-at-the-rice-school-6570776|archive-date=2015-10-18}}</ref>

Raymond was voted out by [[Rod Paige]],<ref name=FosmoePaige>{{cite news|last=Fosmoe|first=Margaret|title=Houston school chief praises Raymond|newspaper=[[The South Bend Tribune]]|place=[[South Bend, Indiana]]|date=2000-03-27|pages=A1, A2}} - [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/96492488/ Clipping of first] and [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/96492643/ of second page]</ref> Felix Fraga, Wiley Henry, and other board members.<ref>McAdams, Donald R (Chapter 19). "Lessons from Houston: Fighting to Save Our Urban Schools." In: Yin, Robert K (editor). ''The Case Study Anthology''. [[Sage (publisher)|SAGE]], April 4, 2007. {{ISBN|0761929266}}, 9780761929260. Start: p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=cVcWlg-4NCcC&pg=PA251 251]. CITED: p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=cVcWlg-4NCcC&pg=PA256 256]. Excerpted from two chapters in ''Fighting to Save Our Urban Schools'': "Lessons from Houston" and "A New Beginning for HISD"</ref> Tim Fleck of the ''[[Houston Press]]'' wrote that the board members were "fed up with her abrasive style of management".<ref name=FleckWhatwent/> Former board member Don McAdams stated that the board, when voting, felt pressure since there was fear that "If we tried to fire her and failed, HISD would be in chaos."<ref name=Johnston>{{cite news|author=Johnston, Robert C.|url=https://www.edweek.org/ew/articles/2000/10/04/05paigebox.h20.html|title=Tell-All Book Offers Insight Into Board Politics|work=[[Education Week]]|date=2000-10-04|access-date=2020-05-10}}</ref> Paige later gave more favorable statements about Raymond after he served as superintendent himself.<ref name=Wanbaughret>{{cite news|last=Wanbaugh|first=Michael|title='She made the hard, difficult decisions'|newspaper=[[The South Bend Tribune]]|place=[[South Bend, Indiana]]|date=2006-09-29|pages=A1, A8}} - [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/96487378/ Clipping of first] and [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/96487551/ of second page] at [[Newspapers.com]].</ref> Paige stated that he had a "stronger" view of her in retrospect.<ref name=FosmoePaige/> In 2000 ''[[South Bend Tribune]]'' wrote that by then, in the leadership in that district, "even critics have come to appreciate her wisdom."<ref>{{cite news|last=Patterson|first=Delores|title=Views on schools Nominee promises vision|newspaper=[[The South Bend Tribune]]|place=[[South Bend, Indiana]]|date=2000-03-26|page=A1, A6, A7}} - [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/96490949/ Clipping of first], [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/96491008/ of second page], and [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/96491099/ of third page] at [[Newspapers.com]].</ref>

From 1991 to 1993 she served as superintendent of two different school districts in the Chicago area: [[Lake Villa Community Consolidated School District 41]] and [[River Forest Public Schools]]. In 1993 she became the superintendent of [[Elmhurst Community Unit School District 205]], with her terms ending in 1999.<ref name=SouthBendProf/> The school board voted to confirm Raymond with four in favor and three against.<ref>{{cite news|last=Banas|first=Casey|title=7 compete for 3 board posts|newspaper=[[Chicago Tribune]]|date=1993-10-06|page=Section 2, p. 7}} - [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/96541895/for-elmhurst-school-district/ Clipping] from [[Newspapers.com]].</ref> In Elmhurst she helped convince voters to pass a referendum for a school bond.<ref>{{cite news|last=Patterson|first=Delores|title=Raymond has left her mark on Elmhurst|newspaper=[[South Bend Tribune]]|place=[[South Bend, Indiana]]|date=2000-03-26|pages=A1, A8}} - [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/96491568/ Clipping of first] and [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/96491612/ of second page] from [[Newspapers.com]]</ref>

In 2000 she became the superintendent of the [[South Bend Community School Corporation]].<ref name=SouthBendProf/> She had intended to retire, but heard about the South Bend position from friends.<ref>{{cite web|last=Goldman|first=Jay|url=https://www.aasa.org/SchoolAdministratorArticle.aspx?id=7814|title=A Capstone on Her Career|work=The School Administrator|publisher=[[AASA, The School Superintendents Association]]|accessdate=2022-02-26}}</ref> Under her leadership she changed attendance boundaries as part of the "Plan Z" program and facilitated construction of new school facilities.<ref name=AllenRaymondides>{{cite web|last=Allen|first=Kevin|url=https://www.southbendtribune.com:443/story/news/education/2017/02/23/former-south-bend-superintendent-joan-raymond-dies/46482073/|title=Former South Bend superintendent Joan Raymond dies|newspaper=[[South Bend Tribune]]|date=2017-02-23|accessdate=2022-02-26}}</ref> She left her position in 2006 after announcing she would retire the previous year.<ref name=Wanbaughret/>

She chose to move to [[Melbourne, Florida]].<ref name=Wanbaughret/> Circa 2016 she developed cancer,<ref name=Birthdeath/> and died in her residence,<ref name=AllenRaymondides/> in Melbourne on February 22, 2017.<ref name=Birthdeath/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-edu}}
{{s-bef
| before = [[Billy Reagan]]
}}
{{s-ttl
| title = [[Houston Independent School District]]<br />superintendent
| years = 1986-1991
}}
{{s-aft
| after = [[Frank Petruzielo]]
}}
{{s-bef
| before = ???
}}
{{s-ttl
| title = [[South Bend Community School Corporation]]<br />superintendent
| years = 2000-2006
}}
{{s-aft
| after = Robert L. Zimmerman
}}
{{s-end}}
{{Houston Independent School District}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Raymond, Joan}}
[[Category:1936 births]]
[[Category:School superintendents in New York (state)]]
[[Category:Houston Independent School District superintendents]]
[[Category:Ripon College (Wisconsin) alumni]]
[[Category:DePaul University alumni]]
[[Category:Northwestern University alumni]]
[[Category:2017 deaths]]
[[Category:School superintendents in Indiana]]
[[Category:School superintendents in Illinois]]

Joan Raymond - Revision history

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