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{{Short description|Political family of Pakistan}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2018}}
{{Infobox family
| name = Jinnah family
| crest = [[File:PK Karachi asv2020-02 img52 Mazar-e-Quaid.jpg|240px|none]]
| caption = [[Mazar-e-Quaid]], the final resting place of Muhammad Ali Jinnah and Fatima Jinnah
| image =
| religion =
| origin = [[Kathiawar]], [[Gujarat]], India<ref>{{cite web | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WyMwkTA9TyoC&pg=PA6&lpg=PA6&dq=jinnah+family+kathiawar&source=bl&ots=28vW2nD4D5&sig=UYsbjC_JD5FikLZ6f1Wv_wIlvMs&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjKuO6Pz5DNAhXEOI8KHdcbBWwQ6AEIRTAG#v=onepage&q=jinnah%20family%20kathiawar&f=false| title=Wars and No Peace Over Kashmir}}</ref>
| members = [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]] [[Fatima Jinnah]] [[Emibai Jinnah]] [[Rattanbai Jinnah]] [[Dina Wadia]]
| otherfamilies = [[Wadia family]] [[Petit baronets|Petit family]]
| distinctions = Political prominence
| traditions =
| estate = See [[#Estates|full list]]
| meaning =
| footnotes =
| caste = Lohana
| colour = green
| image_size =
| alt =
| ethnicity = [[Gujarati people|Gujarati]]<ref name="Gujrats gifts to India and Pakistan">[http://tribune.com.pk/story/340710/gujarats-gifts-to-india-and-pakistan/ Gujrats gifts to India and Pakistan]</ref><ref>[http://www.outlookindia.com/article/The-Snake-Oil-Salesman/280243 The Snake Oil Salesman]</ref>
}}
The '''Jinnah family''' ({{lang-ur|{{Nastaliq|خاندان جناح}}}}; {{lang-gu|ઝીણા કુટુંબ, جھينا کُٹومب}}) was a political family of [[Pakistan]]. Jinnahs have played an important role in the [[Pakistan Movement]] for creation of Pakistan, a separate country for [[Muslims]] of India. The family held the leadership of [[All-India Muslim League]], and its successor, [[Muslim League (Pakistan)|Muslim League]], until it dissolved in 1958 by martial law. Originally from a [[Gujarati people|Gujarati]] [[Lohana]] ([[Isma'ili Shia]]) background,<ref name="Guttman2007">{{cite book|author=A. Guttman|title=The Nation of India in Contemporary Indian Literature|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uxqHDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA34|date=15 October 2007|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan US|isbn=978-0-230-60693-7|pages=34–}}</ref> they moved to [[Karachi]] from [[Kathiawar]], [[Gujarat]] in the 19th century.<ref name="Gujrats gifts to India and Pakistan" />

Jinnah's paternal grandfather was from [[Paneli Moti]] village in [[Gondal, India|Gondal state]] in [[Kathiawar]] peninsula (now in [[Gujarat]], India).<ref name="Guttman2007"/> Jinnah was the eldest of seven children of Jinnahbhai Poonja, a prosperous merchant, and his wife, Mithibai. His family was a member of the Lohana caste, Hindus who had converted to Islam centuries earlier and who were followers of the Aga Khan.<ref name="Encyclopedia Britannica">{{cite web |url=http://www.britannica.com/biography/Mohammed-Ali-Jinnah |title=Mohammed Ali Jinnah |website=britannica.com |publisher=Encyclopedia Britannica |access-date=6 June 2020 }}</ref> Jinnah's family were also reported to be Lohana businessmen from [[Gujarat]] who for choosing fish trade, caused them to be ex-communicated from orthodox groups and then had to convert to [[Islam]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=A closed fist worth millions - Why Jagdishbhai is precious to Narendrabhai|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/a-closed-fist-worth-millions-why-jagdishbhai-is-precious-to-narendrabhai/cid/173173|access-date=2021-04-20|website=www.telegraphindia.com}}</ref> Although born to a family who were disciples of the Ismaili Aga Khan, Jinnah moved towards the Sunni sect early in life. There is evidence later, given by his relatives and associates in court, to establish that he was firmly a Sunni Muslim by the end of his life.<ref name=":06">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RqyniTHXFxUC&pg=PT34&dq=jinnah+was+sunni&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiDi4PTi_3QAhUCnJQKHSpcCc8Q6AEIGTAA#v=onepage&q=jinnah%20was%20sunni&f=false|title=Jinnah, Pakistan and Islamic Identity: The Search for Saladin|last=Ahmed|first=Akbar|publisher=Routledge|year=2005|isbn=9781134750221|location=|pages=|quote=Although born to a family who were disciples of the Ismaili Aga Khan, Jinnah moved towards the Sunni sect early in life. There is evidence later, given by his relatives and associates in court, to establish that he was firmly a Sunni Muslim by the end of his life (Merchant 1990).|via=}}</ref>

[[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]] (also referred to as only ''Jinnah'') and [[Fatima Jinnah]], have been important figures in the history of Pakistan. Jinnah is considered as the [[founder of Pakistan]] and he served as the first [[Governor General of Pakistan|Governor General]] of Pakistan upon independence, while Fatima played an important role in the struggle for [[Pakistan Movement]] and was the [[Founding Fathers of Pakistan#List of Founders of Pakistan|founding mother]] of Pakistan. Jinnah and Fatima have remained extremely important and well-respected figures in Pakistan, even after their deaths. Several public places, universities, and hospitals in the world have been [[List of things named after Muhammad Ali Jinnah|named after Jinnah]] and his sister Fatima, and the former's birth and death anniversary are among the [[public holidays in Pakistan]].<ref>[http://storyofpakistan.com/muhammad-ali-jinnah/ The story of Pakistan]</ref><ref name="Wadia">{{cite web|url=http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2009%5C06%5C30%5Cstory_30-6-2009_pg7_32 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130416065320/http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2009%5C06%5C30%5Cstory_30-6-2009_pg7_32 |url-status=dead |archive-date=16 April 2013 |title=Aslam Jinnah's claim of being Quaid's family disputed |date=30 June 2009 |publisher=[[Daily Times (Pakistan)|Daily Times]] |first=Amar |last=Guriro |accessdate=11 September 2012 }}</ref>

==Members of the Jinnah family==
The ancestors of Jinnah were Lohana from [[Paneli Moti]] village in [[Gondal, India|Gondal state]] in [[Kathiawar]] [[Gujarat]], [[British Raj|British India]] Hindus who had converted to Islam centuries earlier.<ref name="Encyclopedia Britannica"/>

===Second generation===
*Jinnahbhai Poonja.<ref name="Encyclopedia Britannica"/> (also referred to as Jina Poonja<ref>[http://www.dawn.com/news/861886/the-truth-about-aslam-jinnah The truth about Aslam Jinnah, Dawn, Liaquat Merchant, (the grandson of Maryam Bai, one of Quaid-e-Azam's sisters), JUL 10, 2009]</ref>), a Lohana (1857–1902), was married to Mithhibai.<ref name="abplive.in">[http://www.abplive.in/india-news/a-closed-fist-worth-millions-106672 Closed fist worth millions]</ref><ref name="Encyclopedia Britannica"/>
** m. Mithhibai
** Jinnahbhai Poonja was a prosperous [[Gujarati people|Gujarati]] merchant.<ref name="Encyclopedia Britannica"/> He moved to Karachi before Muhammad Ali Jinnah's birth. He and his wife had 7 children:<ref name="Fact file: Jinnah`s family">[https://www.dawn.com/news/886034/fact-file-jinnah-s-family Fact file: Jinnah's family]</ref>
# [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]]
# Ahmed Ali Jinnah
# Bunde Ali Jinnah
# Rahmat Bai Jinnah
# Shireen Bai Jinnah
# [[Fatima Jinnah]]
# Maryam Bai Jinnah

===Third generation===
* [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]] (1876–1948)
** Jinnah is the founder of [[Pakistan]] and was the country's first Governor-General.His first marriage in 1892 was the result of his mother urging him to marry his cousin [[Emibai Jinnah]] before he left for England to pursue higher studies. However, Emibai died a few months later. His second marriage took place in 1918 to [[Rattanbai Petit]] (granddaughter of [[Dinshaw Maneckji Petit]] and [[Ratanji Dadabhoy Tata]]), a Parsi who was 24 years his junior. Rattanbai [[converted to Islam]] when she married Jinnah.<ref>The inscription on her grave at Khoja Isnaashari Cemetery, Mazgaon, Bombay, uses name Rattanbai</ref> In 1919, she gave birth to their only daughter, [[Dina Jinnah]].<ref name="Wadia2">{{cite web | url=http://blogs.tribune.com.pk/story/9573/rutties-love-letter-to-jinnah/ | title=Ruttie's love letter to Jinnah | date=30 December 2011 | first=Amna | last=Khalid | publisher=[[The Express Tribune]] | work=[[Daily Express (Urdu newspaper)|Daily Express]] | accessdate=11 September 2012}}</ref><ref name="early">{{cite web|url=http://www.pakistan.gov.pk/Quaid/life_quaid01.htm |title=Early Days: Birth and Schooling |first=Government of Pakistan |last=Official website |accessdate=2006-04-20 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20051105114708/http://www.pakistan.gov.pk/Quaid/life_quaid01.htm |archivedate=2005-11-05 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
** m. [[Emibai Jinnah]]
*** [[Dawn (newspaper)]] Fact File: "In his youth, Mohammad Ali Jinnah was married to a distant cousin named Emibai from Paneli village in Gujarat at his mother's urging. At the time of their marriage, Jinnah was only 16 and Emibai was 14. The marriage was arranged by his mother because she feared that when Jinnah went to England, he might end up marrying an English girl. The couple hardly lived together as Jinnah sailed from India soon after his marriage and Emibai died few weeks later."<ref name="Fact file: Jinnah`s family"/>
** m. [[Rattanbai Jinnah]] (1900-1929)
* Ahmed Ali Jinnah
* Bunde Ali Jinnah
* Rahmat Bai Jinnah
* Shireen Jinnah
* [[Fatima Jinnah]] (1893–1967)
** Fatima Jinnah was a dental surgeon, biographer, stateswoman, and one of the leading Founding mothers of modern-state of Pakistan. She also played a pivotal role in civil rights and introduced the women's rights movement in the [[Pakistan Movement]]. After her brother's death she continued to play a pivotal role in Pakistani politics and in 1965 returned to active politics by running against [[Ayub Khan (Field Marshal)|Ayub Khan]] in the [[1965 Pakistani presidential election|1965 elections]].
* Maryam Bai Jinnah

===Fourth generation===
* [[Dina Wadia]] (1919–2017)
** Dina was born to [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]] and [[Rattanbai Jinnah|Rattainbai Jinnah]] (née [[Rattanbai Petit|Petit]]) in [[London]] shortly after midnight on the morning of 15 August 1919. As [[Stanley Wolpert]]'s ''Jinnah of Pakistan'' records: "Oddly enough, precisely twenty-eight years to the day and hour before the birth of Jinnah's other offspring, Pakistan."<ref name="Wadia"/>

She had a rift with her father when she expressed her desire to marry a [[Parsi]]-born Indian, [[Neville Wadia]]. According to M C Chagla in "Roses in December", Jinnah, a [[Muslim]], disowned his daughter after trying to dissuade her from marrying Neville. Dina Wadia was the only direct living link to Jinnah and the nation of Pakistan claiming her father as its own [[father of the nation]] is assumed to have some kind of kinship with her according to Akbar S. Ahmed.<ref name="Akbar S. Ahmed">{{cite book|title=Jinnah, Pakistan and Islamic Identity: The Search for Saladin|pages=18|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YGdiqF6V8wYC&printsec=frontcover&dq=&hl=en&sa=X&ei=rbyKT6nrA47GtAaTnLzNCw&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=living%20link&f=false|author=Akbar S. Ahmed}}</ref> His descendants through her are part of the [[Wadia family]] and reside in India as she married and stayed in India after the [[Partition of India|creation]] of [[Pakistan]] in 1947. Dina Wadia lived alone with staff in the [[New York City]], United States.<ref name="articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com">[http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2015-06-24/news/63782850_1_nusli-wadia-jinnah-house-dina-wadia Business baron Nusli Wadia attends to his ailing mother]</ref> Wadia died at her home in New York on 1 November 2017 at the age of 98. She was suffering from pneumonia (a bacterial lung infection).<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1367906|title=Jinnah's only daughter, Dina Wadia, passes away at 98|last=Dawn.com|date=2017-11-02|work=DAWN.COM|access-date=2017-11-02|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/jinnahs-daughter-dina-wadia-dies-in-new-york/article19969258.ece|title=Jinnah’s daughter Dina Wadia dies in New York|date=2017-11-02|work=The Hindu|access-date=2017-11-02|others=PTI|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.suchtv.pk/world/item/61998-quaid-e-azam-s-daughter-dina-wadia-dies-in-london.html|title=Quaid-e-Azam’S daughter Dina Wadia dies in New York - SUCH TV|last=Desk|first=Web|work=SUCH TV|access-date=2017-11-02|language=en-gb}}</ref>

==Estates==
{{multiple image

| align = right
| direction = vertical
| footer = [[Quaid-e-Azam House]]
| width = 300


| image1 = PK Karachi asv2020-02 img55 Jinnah Museum.jpg
| width1 = 180
| alt1 = Quaid-e-Azam House
| caption1 =
}}
;Private estates
* [[Wazir Mansion]], Jinnah's birthplace in Karachi
* [[South Court]], Muhammad Ali Jinnah's former residence in [[Mumbai]], India, currently owned by the government of India.
* Muhammad Ali Jinnah House, Jinnah's former House at 10 Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Road, [[New Delhi]], currently the Dutch Embassy in India.
* [[Quaid-e-Azam House]], Muhammad Ali Jinnah's House in Karachi

;Official residences
* [[Governor's House (Karachi)|Governor-General's House]], Jinnah's official residence in Karachi
* [[Quaid-e-Azam Residency]], Jinnah's residence in Balochistan where he spent the last days of his life

==Family photos==
<gallery mode="packed" heights="125px">
File:Jinnah Poonjha.jpg|[[Jinnahbhai Poonja]]
File:Quaidportrait.jpg|[[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]]
File:Fatima jinnah1.jpg|[[Fatima Jinnah]]
File:Emibai Muhammad Ali Jinnah.jpg|[[Emibai Jinnah]]
File:Maryam Jinnah portrait.jpg|[[Rattanbai Jinnah]]
</gallery>

==See also==
*[[Wadia family]]
*[[Petit baronets|Petit family]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Political families of Pakistan}}
{{Muhammad Ali Jinnah}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Jinnah family| ]]
[[Category:Political families of Pakistan]]
[[Category:Muslim families]]
[[Category:First Families of Pakistan]]
[[Category:Gujarati people]]
[[Category:Muhajir families]]
[[Category:Pakistani Sunni Muslims]]
[[Category:Indian Sunni Muslims]]
[[Category:Converts to Islam]]
[[Category:Converts to Islam from Hinduism]]

Jinnah family - Revision history

CleanupBot: Robot: Replacing encoded entity with character

Medfly: Page updated with additional details

>AnomieBOT: Rescuing orphaned refs (":06" from rev 1025913725; "Guttman2007" from rev 1025913725)