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{{Indic glyph |letname = Jha |previousletter = Ja |nextletter = Nya |devacp = 091D |devaimg = Devanagari jh.svg |bengcp = 099D |bengimg = Bengali Letter Jha.svg |oryacp = 0B1D |gurucp = 0A1D |gujrcp = 0A9D |tamlcp = 2d |telucp = 0C1D |kndacp = 0C9D |mlymcp = 0D1D |sinhcp = 0DA3 |thaicp = 0E0C |laoocp = 2d |tibtcp = 0F5C  |mymrcp = 1008 |khmrcp = 1788 |tglgcp = 2d |hanocp = 2d |buhdcp = 2d |tagbcp = 2d |bugicp = 2d |balicp = 1B1B |sundcp = 2d |limbcp = 1909 |talecp = 2d |talucp = 2d |lepccp = 2d |saurcp = A89A |rjngcp = 2d |javacp = A999 |chamcp = AA0F
|lanacp = 1A2B |tavtcp = 2d |tavt2cp = 2d |kalicp = 2d |phagcp = 2d
|mahjcp = 1115C |khojcp = 2d |sindcp = 112C4 |sylocp = A80F |mteicp = ABD3
|modicp = 11616 |tirhcp = 11497 |kthicp = 11095 |soracp = 2d |grancp = 1131D
|cakmcp = 1110F |shrdcp = 11199 |takrcp = 11692 |kharcp = 2d
|brahcp = 1101B |ashokaimg = Brahmi jh.svg |kushanaimg = Gupta ashoka jh.svg |guptaimg = Gupta ashoka jh.svg 
|tochimg = Tocharian letter jha.gif
|siddcp = 11596 |siddimg = Siddham jh.svg |siddletname = Siddhaṃ 'Jha'
|ipa = d͡ʒʱ |iast = jha |iscii = BB
}}

'''Jha''' is the ninth consonant of Indic abugidas. In modern Indic scripts, jha is derived from the early "[[Ashoka]]" Brahmi letter [[Image:Brahmi jh.svg|13px|ng]] after having gone through the [[Gupta script|Gupta]] letter [[File:Gupta ashoka jh.svg|13px]].

==Āryabhaṭa numeration==

{{further|Āryabhaṭa numeration}}

[[Aryabhata]] used Devanagari letters for numbers, very similar to the [[Greek numerals]], even after the invention of [[Indian numerals]]. The values of the different forms of झ are:<ref name="Ifrah">{{cite book|last=Ifrah|first=Georges|title=The Universal History of Numbers. From Prehistory to the Invention of the Computer|url=https://archive.org/details/universalhistory00ifra_616|url-access=limited|year=2000|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|location=New York|isbn=0-471-39340-1|pages=[https://archive.org/details/universalhistory00ifra_616/page/n468 447]–450}}</ref>
*झ {{IPA-hi|d͡ʒʱə|}} = 9 (९)
*झि {{IPA-hi|d͡ʒʱɪ|}} = 900 (९००)
*झु {{IPA-hi|d͡ʒʱʊ|}} = 90,000 (९० ०००)
*झृ {{IPA-hi|d͡ʒʱri|}} = 9,000,000 (९० ०० ०००)
*झॢ {{IPA-hi|d͡ʒlə|}} = 9{{e|8}} (९×८०८)
*झे {{IPA-hi|d͡ʒʱe|}} = 9{{e|10}} (९×८०१०)
*झै {{IPA-hi|d͡ʒʱɛː|}} = 9{{e|12}} (९×८०१२)
*झो {{IPA-hi|d͡ʒʱoː|}} = 9{{e|14}} (९×८०१४)
*झौ {{IPA-hi|d͡ʒʱɔː|}} = 9{{e|16}} (९×८०१६)

==Historic Jha==
There are three different general early historic scripts - [[Brahmi script|Brahmi]] and its variants, [[Kharosthi|Kharoṣṭhī]], and [[Tocharian alphabet|Tocharian]], the so-called ''slanting Brahmi''. Jha as found in standard [[Brahmi]], [[Image:Brahmi jh.svg|13px|Jha]] was a simple geometric shape, with variations toward more flowing forms in later times. The Tocharian Jha [[Image:Tocharian letter jha.gif|18px|Jha]] did not have an alternate [[Tocharian alphabet#Script|Fremdzeichen]] form. There is no evidence of a Jha in the corpus of Kharoṣṭhī texts currently known.

===Brahmi Jha===

The Brahmi letter [[Image:Brahmi jh.svg|13px|Jha]], Jha, is [[Brahmi script#origin|probably derived]] from the altered Aramaic [[Zayin]] [[File:Zayin.svg|13px]], and is thus related to the modern Latin and Greek . A couple of identifiable styles of writing the Brahmi Jha can be found, most associated with a specific set of inscriptions from an artifact or diverse records from an historic period.<ref>[[:File:Brahmi script consonants according to James Prinsep March 1838.jpg|Evolutionary chart]], Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal Vol 7, 1838 [https://archive.org/stream/journalofasiatic775asia#page/n101]</ref> As the earliest and most geometric style of Brahmi, the letters found on the [[Edicts of Ashoka]] and other records from around that time are normally the reference form for Brahmi letters, with vowel marks not attested until later forms of Brahmi back-formed to match the geometric writing style.

{|class="wikitable"
|+Brahmi Jha historic forms
|-
!Ashoka ([[Brahmi script#Early Brahmi or "Ashokan Brahmi" (3rd-1st century BCE)|3rd-1st c. BCE]]) !! Girnar (~150 BCE) !! Kushana ([[Brahmi script#Middle Brahmi or "Kushana Brahmi" (1st–3rd centuries CE)|~150-250 CE]]) !! Gujarat (~250 CE) !! Gupta ([[Gupta script|~350 CE]])
|-
| [[File:Brahmi jh.svg|37px]] || No samples || [[Image:Gupta ashoka jh.svg|37px]] || No samples || No samples
|}

===Tocharian Jha===

The Tocharian letter [[Image:Tocharian letter jha.gif|25px|Jha]] is derived from the Brahmi [[Image:Brahmi jh.svg|13px|Jha]], but does not have an alternate Fremdzeichen form.

{|class="wikitable"
|+Tocharian Jha with vowel marks
|-
! Jha !! Jhā !! Jhi !! Jhī !! Jhu !! Jhū !! Jhr !! Jhr̄ !! Jhe !! Jhai !! Jho !! Jhau !! Jhä
|-
| [[File:Tocharian letter jha.gif|37px]] || [[File:Tocharian letter jhaa.gif|37px]] || [[File:Tocharian letter jhi.gif|37px]] || [[File:Tocharian letter jhii.gif|37px]] || [[File:Tocharian letter jhu.gif|37px]] || [[File:Tocharian letter jhuu.gif|37px]] ||  ||  || [[File:Tocharian letter jhe.gif|37px]] || [[File:Tocharian letter jhai.gif|37px]] || [[File:Tocharian letter jho.gif|37px]] || [[File:Tocharian letter jhau.gif|37px]] || [[File:Tocharian letter jhä.gif|37px]]
|}

==Devanagari script==
{{main|Devanagari jha}}
{{Devanagari abugida sidebar}}
'''Jha''' ('''झ''', {{lang-hi|झकार, {{IPA-hi|d͡ʒʱkaːr|}}}}) is the ninth consonant of the [[Devanagari]] [[abugida]]. [[File:Devanagari jh old.svg|13 px]] is a variant of झ that also in use, particularly in older texts.<ref>{{Harvsp|Bahri|2004|p=(xiii)}}</ref> It ultimately arose from the [[Brahmi]] letter [[Image:Brahmi jh.svg|13px|ka]]. Letters that derive from it are the [[Gujarati script|Gujarati]] letter ઝ and the [[Modi alphabet|Modi]] letter 𑘖.

=== Devanagari Ža ===
[[File:Nagri-zh.png|The character झ़|25px]]

'''Ža''' ('''झ़''') is the character jha (झ) combined with a nuqta. It is used to transcribe the voiced patalal fricative {{IPAblink|ʒ}} from Urdu (<big>ژ</big>) and English. Ža (झ़) should not be confused with za (ज़), which is used to denote the voiced alveolar sibilant {{IPAblink|z}} from Urdu, English, and other languages. Ža (झ़) should also not be confused zha (ॹ), which is used in Devanagari transcriptions of the [[Avestan language|Avestan]] letter zhe (𐬲) to denote the voiced post-alveolar fricative {{IPAblink|ʒ}}. An equivalent sound, in some [[Slavic languages]], is [[ž]], [[ż]] or [[ж]] ("zh").

===Devanagari-using Languages===
In many languages, झ is pronounced as {{IPA-hi|d͡ʒʱə|}} or {{IPAblink|d͡ʒʱ}} when appropriate. In Marathi, झ is sometimes pronounced as {{IPA-mr|d͡zʱə|}} or {{IPAblink|d͡zʱ}} in addition to {{IPA-hi|d͡ʒʱə|}} or {{IPAblink|d͡ʒʱ}}. Therefore, loanwords having /z/ use this letter for the sound in Marathi. Like all Indic scripts, Devanagari uses vowel marks attached to the base consonant to override the inherent /ə/ vowel:

{|class="wikitable"
|+ Devanagari झ with vowel marks
|-
! Jha !! Jhā !! Jhi !! Jhī !! Jhu !! Jhū !! Jhr !! Jhr̄ !! Jhl !! Jhl̄ !! Jhe !! Jhai !! Jho !! Jhau !! Jh
|-style="font-size: 150%;"
|झ
|झा
|झि
|झी
|झु
|झू
|झृ
|झॄ
|झॢ
|झॣ
|झे
|झै
|झो
|झौ
|झ्
|}



===Conjuncts with झ===
[[File:Devanagari Jha half form.svg|thumb|right|100px|Half form of Jha.]]
Devanagari exhibits conjunct ligatures, as is common in Indic scripts. In modern Devanagari texts, most conjuncts are formed by reducing the letter shape to fit tightly to the following letter, usually by dropping a character's vertical stem, sometimes referred to as a "half form". Some conjunct clusters are always represented by a true ligature, instead of a shape that can be broken into constituent independent letters. Vertically stacked conjuncts are ubiquitous in older texts, while only a few are still used routinely in modern Devanagari texts. The use of ligatures and vertical conjuncts may vary across languages using the Devanagari script, with [[Marathi language|Marathi]] in particular preferring the use of half forms where texts in other languages would show ligatures and vertical stacks.<ref name="KNAB">{{cite web |last1=Pall |first1=Peeter |title=Microsoft Word - kblhi2 |url=https://www.eki.ee/knab/lat/kblhi2.pdf |website=Eesti Keele Instituudi kohanimeandmed |publisher=Eesti Keele Instituudi kohanimeandmed |access-date=19 June 2020}}</ref>

====Ligature conjuncts of झ====
True ligatures are quite rare in Indic scripts. The most common ligated conjuncts in Devanagari are in the form of a slight mutation to fit in context or as a consistent variant form appended to the adjacent characters. Those variants include [[Na (Indic)#Devanagari Na|Na]] and the [[Ra (Indic)#Devanagari Repha|Repha]] and [[Ra (Indic)#Devanagari Rakar|Rakar]] forms of Ra. [[Nepali language|Nepali]] and [[Marathi language|Marathi]] texts use the "eyelash" Ra half form [[Image:Devanagari Eyelash Ra.svg|15px|Ra]] for an initial "R" instead of repha.

* Repha र् (r) + झ (jʰa) gives the ligature rjʰa र्झ: {{ref|note|note}}
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct RJha.svg|100px]]
* Eyelash र् (r) + झ (jʰa) gives the ligature rjʰa र्‍झ:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct Eyelash RJha.svg|125px]]
* झ् (jʰ) + rakar र (ra) gives the ligature jʰra झ्र:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct JhRa.svg|100px]]
* झ् (jʰ) + न (na) gives the ligature jʰna झ्न:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct JhNa.svg|100px]]

====Stacked conjuncts of झ====
Vertically stacked ligatures are the most common conjunct forms found in Devanagari text. Although the constituent characters may need to be stretched and moved slightly in order to stack neatly, stacked conjuncts can be broken down into recognizable base letters, or a letter and an otherwise standard ligature.

* छ্ (cʰ) + झ (jʰa) gives the ligature cʰjʰa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct ChJha.svg|100px]]
* ढ্ (ḍʱ) + झ (jʰa) gives the ligature ḍʱjʰa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct DdhJha.svg|100px]]
* ड্ (ḍ) + झ (jʰa) gives the ligature ḍjʰa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct DdJha.svg|100px]]
* द্ (d) + झ (jʰa) gives the ligature djʰa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct DJha.svg|100px]]
* झ্ (jʰ) + ब (ba) gives the ligature jʰba:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct JhBa.svg|100px]]
* झ্ (jʰ) + च (ca) gives the ligature jʰca:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct JhCa.svg|100px]]
* झ্ (jʰ) + ड (ḍa) gives the ligature jʰḍa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct JhDda.svg|100px]]
* झ্ (jʰ) + ज (ja) gives the ligature jʰja:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct JhJa.svg|100px]]
* झ্ (jʰ) + ज্ (j) + ञ (ña) gives the ligature jʰjña:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct JhJNya.svg|100px]]
* झ্ (jʰ) + ल (la) gives the ligature jʰla:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct JhLa.svg|100px]]
* झ্ (jʰ) + ङ (ŋa) gives the ligature jʰŋa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct JhNga.svg|100px]]
* झ্ (jʰ) + ञ (ña) gives the ligature jʰña:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct JhNya.svg|100px]]
* झ্ (jʰ) + व (va) gives the ligature jʰva:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct JhVa.svg|100px]]
* ख্ (kʰ) + झ (jʰa) gives the ligature kʰjʰa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct KhJha.svg|100px]]
* ङ্ (ŋ) + झ (jʰa) gives the ligature ŋjʰa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct NgJha.svg|100px]]
* ठ্ (ṭʰ) + झ (jʰa) gives the ligature ṭʰjʰa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct TthJha.svg|100px]]
* ट্ (ṭ) + झ (jʰa) gives the ligature ṭjʰa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct TtJha.svg|100px]]

==Bengali script==

The Bengali script ঝ is derived from the [[Siddhaṃ]] [[Image:Siddham jh.svg|13px]], and is marked by a similar horizontal head line, but less geometric shape, than its Devanagari counterpart, झ. The inherent vowel of Bengali consonant letters is /ɔ/, so the bare letter ঝ will sometimes be transliterated as "jho" instead of "jha". Adding okar, the "o" vowel mark, gives a reading of /d͡ʒʱo/.

Like all Indic consonants, ঝ can be modified by marks to indicate another (or no) vowel than its inherent "a".

{|class="wikitable"
|+ Bengali ঝ with vowel marks
|-
! jha !! jhā !! jhi !! jhī !! jhu !! jhū !! jhr !! jhr̄ !! jhe !! jhai !! jho !! jhau !! jh
|-style="font-size: 150%;"
|ঝ
|ঝা
|ঝি
|ঝী
|ঝু
|ঝূ
|ঝৃ
|ঝৄ
|ঝে
|ঝৈ
|ঝো
|ঝৌ
|ঝ্
|}

===ঝ in Bengali-using languages===

ঝ is used as a basic consonant character in all of the major Bengali script orthographies, including [[Bengali alphabet|Bengali]] and [[Assamese alphabet|Assamese]]. 

===Conjuncts with ঝ===

Bengali ঝ exhibits conjunct ligatures, as is common in Indic scripts, but has significantly fewer conjunct ligatures than most other Bengali letters.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Bengali Alphabet|url=http://tesseractindic.googlecode.com/files/wb069conjuncts.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928021705/http://tesseractindic.googlecode.com/files/wb069conjuncts.pdf|archive-date=2013-09-28}}</ref>

* জ্ (j) + ঝ (jʰa) gives the ligature jjʰa:
[[File:Bengali Conjunct Jjha.svg |100px]]
* ঞ্ (ñ) + ঝ (jʰa) gives the ligature ñjʰa:
[[File:Bengali Conjunct NYjha.svg |100px]]
* র্ (r) + ঝ (jʰa) gives the ligature rjʰa, with the [[Ra (Indic)#Bengali Repha|repha]] prefix:
[[File:Bengali Conjunct Rjha.svg |100px]]

==Gujarati Jha==
[[File:Gujarati letter Jha.svg|thumb|right|100px|Gujarati Jha.]]
'''Jha''' ('''ઝ''') is the ninth consonant of the [[Gujarati script|Gujarati]] [[abugida]]. It is possibly derived from a variant of 16th century Devanagari Jha [[Image:Devanagari jh.svg|13px|Jha]] with the top bar (shiro rekha) removed, and ultimately the [[Brahmi]] letter [[Image:Brahmi jh.svg|13px|Jha]].

===Gujarati-using Languages===
The Gujarati script is used to write the [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] and [[Kutchi language|Kutchi]] languages. In both languages, ઝ is pronounced as {{IPA-gu|jʰə|}} or {{IPAblink|jʰ}} when appropriate. Like all Indic scripts, Gujarati uses vowel marks attached to the base consonant to override the inherent /ə/ vowel:

{| class=wikitable style="width: 40em;"
|-
! style="width:6%;"| Jha !! style="width:7%;"| Jhā !! style="width:6.5%;"| Jhi !! style="width:7%;"| Jhī !! style="width:4.5%;"| Jhu !! style="width:5%;"| Jhū !! style="width:4.5%;"| Jhr !! style="width:5%;"| Jhl !! style="width:5%;"| Jhr̄ !! style="width:5%;"| Jhl̄ !! style="width:4.5%;"| Jhĕ !! style="width:4.5%;"| Jhe !! style="width:5%;"| Jhai !! style="width:7%;"| Jhŏ !! style="width:7%;"| Jho !! style="width:6%;"| Jhau !! style="width:7%;"| Jh
|- align="center"
| colspan=17 |[[File:Gujarati Jha Matras.svg|750px]]
|-
| colspan=17 |Gujarati Jha syllables, with vowel marks in red.
|}

===Conjuncts with ઝ===
Gujarati ઝ exhibits conjunct ligatures, much like its parent Devanagari Script. While most Gujarati conjuncts can only be formed by reducing the letter shape to create a "half form" that fits tightly to following letter, Jha does not have a half form. A few conjunct clusters can be represented by a true ligature, instead of a shape that can be broken into constituent independent letters, and vertically stacked conjuncts can also be found in Gujarati, although much less commonly than in Devanagari. Lacking a half form, Jha will normally use an explicit virama when forming conjuncts without a true ligature.

True ligatures are quite rare in Indic scripts. The most common ligated conjuncts in Gujarati are in the form of a slight mutation to fit in context or as a consistent variant form appended to the adjacent characters. Those variants include [[Na (Indic)#Gujarati Na|Na]] and the [[Ra (Indic)#Gujarati Repha|Repha]] and [[Ra (Indic)#Gujarati Rakar|Rakar]] forms of Ra.

* ર્ (r) + ઝ (jʰa) gives the ligature RJha:
[[File:Gujarati conjunct RJha.svg|100px]]

* ઝ્ (jʰa) + ર (r) gives the ligature JhRa:
[[File:Gujarati conjunct JhRa.svg|100px]]

== Gurmukhi script ==
'''Chajaa''' {{IPA-pa|t͡ʃə̀d͡ʒːɑ|}} ('''ਝ''') is the fourteenth letter of the Gurmukhi alphabet. Its name is [t͡ʃə̀d͡ʒːɑ] and pronounced as /t͡ʃə̀/. To differentiate between consonants, the Punjabi tonal consonant t͡ʃə̀ is often transliterated in the way of the Hindi voiced aspirate consonants jha although Punjabi does not have this sound. It is derived from the [[Laṇḍā]] letter ''jha'', and ultimately from the Brahmi ''jha''. Gurmukhi ''chajaa'' does not have a special pairin or addha (reduced) form for making conjuncts, and in modern Punjabi texts do not take a half form or halant to indicate the bare consonant /t͡ʃ/, although Gurmukhi Sanskrit texts may use an explicit halant.

== Burmese script==
'''Za Myin zwe'''(ဈ) is the 19th letter of the [[Burmese script]]. ''Zay''(ဈေး) means bazzar. ''Zan'' (ဈာန်) means intense connection of mind.

==Telugu Jha==
{{multiple image
| width = 100px
| image1 = Telugu letter Jha.svg
| alt1 = Telugu Jha
| image2 = Telugu subjoined Jha.svg
| alt2 = Telugu subjoined Jha
| footer = Telugu independent and subjoined Jha.
}}
'''Jha''' ('''ఝ''') is a consonant of the [[Telugu script|Telugu]] [[abugida]]. It ultimately arose from the [[Brahmi]] letter [[Image:Brahmi jh.svg|13px|Jh]]. It is closely related to the [[Kannada script|Kannada]] letter '''ಝ'''. Most Telugu consonants contain a v-shaped headstroke that is related to the horizontal headline found in other Indic scripts, although headstrokes do not connect adjacent letters in Telugu. The headstroke is normally lost when adding vowel matras.

Telugu conjuncts are created by reducing trailing letters to a subjoined form that appears below the initial consonant of the conjunct. Many subjoined forms are created by dropping their headline, with many extending the end of the stroke of the main letter body to form an extended tail reaching up to the right of the preceding consonant. This subjoining of trailing letters to create conjuncts is in contrast to the leading half forms of Devanagari and Bengali letters. Ligature conjuncts are not a feature in Telugu, with the only non-standard construction being an alternate subjoined form of [[Ṣa (Indic)#Telugu Ṣa|Ṣa]] (borrowed from [[Kannada script|Kannada]]) in the KṢa conjunct.

==Malayalam Jha==
[[File:Malayalam letter Jha.svg|thumb|100px|Malayalam letter Jha]]

'''Jha''' ('''ഝ''') is a consonant of the [[Malayalam script|Malayalam]] [[abugida]]. It ultimately arose from the [[Brahmi]] letter [[Image:Brahmi jh.svg|13px|Jh]], via the [[Grantha script|Grantha]] letter [[Image:Grantha letter Jha.svg|x15px|Jha]] ''Jha''. Like in other Indic scripts, Malayalam consonants have the inherent vowel "a", and take one of several modifying vowel signs to represent syllables with another vowel or no vowel at all.

[[File:Malayalam Jha matras.svg|thumb|center|550px|Malayalam Jha matras: Jha, Jhā, Jhi, Jhī, Jhu, Jhū, Jhr̥, Jhr̥̄, Jhl̥, Jhl̥̄, Jhe, Jhē, Jhai, Jho, Jhō, Jhau, and Jh.]]

===Conjuncts of ഝ===
As is common in Indic scripts, Malayalam joins letters together to form conjunct consonant clusters. There are several ways in which conjuncts are formed in Malayalam texts: using a post-base form of a trailing consonant placed under the initial consonant of a conjunct, a combined ligature of two or more consonants joined together, a conjoining form that appears as a combining mark on the rest of the conjunct, the use of an explicit [[candrakkala]] mark to suppress the inherent "a" vowel, or a special consonant form called a "chillu" letter, representing a bare consonant without the inherent "a" vowel. Jha does not form ligatures or other combining forms, and jha conjuncts can only be formed with post-base forms of other letters and explicit candrakkala. Texts written with the modern reformed Malayalam orthography, ''put̪iya lipi'', may favor more regular conjunct forms than older texts in ''paḻaya lipi'', due to [[Malayalam#Orthography reform|changes]] undertaken in the 1970s by the [[Government of Kerala]].

== Thai script ==
'''Cho choe''' (ฌ) is the twelfth letter of the [[Thai script]]. It falls under the low class of Thai consonants. In [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]], ''cho choe'' is pronounced as [tɕʰ] at the beginning of a syllable and may not be used to close a syllable. The eighth letter of the alphabet, ''cho chan'' (จ), is also named ''cho'' and falls under the middle class of Thai consonants. The eighth letter of the alphabet, ''cho ching'' (ฉ), is also named ''cho'' and falls under the high class of Thai consonants. The tenth letter of the alphabet, ''cho chang'' (ช), is also named ''cho and ''falls under the low class of Thai consonants. Unlike many Indic scripts, Thai consonants do not form conjunct ligatures, and use the [[Thai alphabet#Pinthu|pinthu]]''—''an explicit virama with a dot shape—to indicate bare consonants. In the acrophony of the Thai script,'' choe'' (เฌอ) means ‘tree’. ''Cho choe'' corresponds to the Sanskrit character ‘झ’.

==Odia Jha==
{{multiple image
| width = 100px
| image1 = Odia letter Jha.svg
| alt1 = Odia independent letter Jha
| image2 = Odia subjoined Jha.svg
| alt2 = Odia subjoined letter Jha
| footer = Odia independent and subjoined letter Jha.
}}

'''Jha''' ('''ଝ''') is a consonant of the [[Odia script|Odia]] [[abugida]]. It ultimately arose from the [[Brahmi]] letter [[Image:Brahmi jh.svg|13px|Jh]], via the [[Siddhaṃ script|Siddhaṃ]] letter [[Image:Siddham jh.svg|x15px|Jha]] ''Jha''. Like in other Indic scripts, Odia consonants have the inherent vowel "a", and take one of several modifying vowel signs to represent syllables with another vowel or no vowel at all.

{| class=wikitable
|+ Odia Jha with vowel matras
|-
! Jha !! Jhā !! Jhi !! Jhī !! Jhu !! Jhū !! Jhr̥ !! Jhr̥̄ !! Jhl̥ !! Jhl̥̄ !! Jhe !! Jhai !! Jho !! Jhau !! Jh
|-
| {{big|ଝ}} || {{big|ଝା}} || {{big|ଝି}} || {{big|ଝୀ}} || {{big|ଝୁ}} || {{big|ଝୂ}} || {{big|ଝୃ}} || {{big|ଝୄ}} || {{big|ଝୢ}} || {{big|ଝୣ}} || {{big|ଝେ}} || {{big|ଝୈ}} || {{big|ଝୋ}} || {{big|ଝୌ}} || {{big|ଝ୍}}
|}

=== Conjuncts of ଝ ===
As is common in Indic scripts, Odia joins letters together to form conjunct consonant clusters. The most common conjunct formation is achieved by using a small subjoined form of trailing consonants. Most consonants' subjoined forms are identical to the full form, just reduced in size, although a few drop the curved headline or have a subjoined form not directly related to the full form of the consonant. The second type of conjunct formation is through pure ligatures, where the constituent consonants are written together in a single graphic form. This ligature may be recognizable as being a combination of two characters or it can have a conjunct ligature unrelated to its constituent characters.

* ଞ୍ (ñ) + ଝ (jʰa) gives the ligature ñjʰa:
[[File:Odia conjunct NyJha.svg]]

==References==
{{reflist}}
* Kurt Elfering: ''Die Mathematik des Aryabhata I. Text, Übersetzung aus dem Sanskrit und Kommentar''. Wilhelm Fink Verlag, München, 1975, {{ISBN|3-7705-1326-6}}
* Georges Ifrah: ''The Universal History of Numbers. From Prehistory to the Invention of the Computer''. John Wiley & Sons, New York, 2000, {{ISBN|0-471-39340-1}}.
* B. L. van der Waerden: ''Erwachende Wissenschaft. Ägyptische, babylonische und griechische Mathematik''. Birkhäuser-Verlag, Basel Stuttgart, 1966, {{ISBN|3-7643-0399-9}}
* {{Cite journal
| issn = 0035-869X
| pages = 109–126
| last = Fleet
| first = J. F.
| title = Aryabhata's System of Expressing Numbers
| journal = Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland
| date = January 1911
| jstor = 25189823
}}
* {{Cite journal | doi = 10.1017/S0035869X00040995| jstor = 25189823 | pages = 109–126 | volume = 43 | journal = The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland | title = Aryabhata's System of Expressing Numbers | publisher = Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland | year = 1911| author1 = Fleet | first1 = J. F.}}
::{{note|note|note}} Conjuncts are identified by [[IAST]] transliteration, except aspirated consonants are indicated with a superscript "h" to distinguish from an unaspirated consonant + [[Ha (Indic)|Ha]], and the use of the IPA "ŋ" and "ʃ" instead of the less dinstinctive "ṅ" and "ś".
{{Devanagari_abugida}}

[[Category:Indic letters]]

Jha (Indic) - Revision history

>Cewbot: Fix broken anchor: 2020-10-17T20:33:14Z #Middle Brahmi or "Kushana Brahmi" (1st-3rd centuries CE)→Brahmi script#Middle Brahmi or "Kushana Brahmi" (1st–3rd centuries CE)