Jesus in India (book) - Revision history

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	Other authors have suggested that the resemblance between Buddhist and Christian teachings and between the lives of Jesus and Buddha as recorded in their respective scriptures indicate that Buddhist teachings must have reached [[Palestine (region)\|Palestine]] been incorporated by Jesus into his own teaching, or that he must have travelled to India pre-crucifixion.<ref>{{Cite web \|url=http://www.tombofjesus.com/2007/core/founders/notovitch/index.html \|title=Archived copy \|access-date=19 August 2009 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090105224748/http://www.tombofjesus.com/2007/core/founders/notovitch/index.html \|archive-date=5 January 2009 \|url-status=dead }}</ref> Ghulam Ahmad, however, asserts that Jesus reached India only after the crucifixion and that Buddhists later reproduced elements of the Gospels in their scriptures. He argues that Jesus also preached to Buddhist monks, some of whom were originally Jews, who accepted him as a manifestation of the Buddha, the 'promised teacher', and mingled his teachings with Buddha’s.		Other authors have suggested that the resemblance between Buddhist and Christian teachings and between the lives of Jesus and Buddha as recorded in their respective scriptures indicate that Buddhist teachings must have reached [[Palestine (region)\|Palestine]] been incorporated by Jesus into his own teaching, or that he must have travelled to India pre-crucifixion.<ref>{{Cite web \|url=http://www.tombofjesus.com/2007/core/founders/notovitch/index.html \|title=Archived copy \|access-date=19 August 2009 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090105224748/http://www.tombofjesus.com/2007/core/founders/notovitch/index.html \|archive-date=5 January 2009 \|url-status=dead }}</ref> Ghulam Ahmad, however, asserts that Jesus reached India only after the crucifixion and that Buddhists later reproduced elements of the Gospels in their scriptures. He argues that Jesus also preached to Buddhist monks, some of whom were originally Jews, who accepted him as a manifestation of the Buddha, the 'promised teacher', and mingled his teachings with Buddha’s.

	''Jesus in India'' also contains claims on the whereabouts of the Lost Tribes of Israel, suggesting that these tribes were scattered throughout Afghanistan, Kashmir, and ~~Western China~~.<ref>http://www.alislam.org/sunrise/sunrise2003-4.pdf</ref> It also provides a list of tribes of these regions seeking to trace their [[Theory of Pashtun descent from Israelites\|Israelite roots]].{{dubious\|date=May 2015}}		''Jesus in India'' also contains claims on the whereabouts of the Lost Tribes of Israel, suggesting that these tribes were scattered throughout Afghanistan, Kashmir, and Tibet.<ref>http://www.alislam.org/sunrise/sunrise2003-4.pdf {{Bare URL PDF\|date=March 2022}}</ref> It also provides a list of tribes of these regions seeking to trace their [[Theory of Pashtun descent from Israelites\|Israelite roots]].{{dubious\|date=May 2015}}

	==Alleged discovery==		==Alleged discovery==
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	==Modern reception==		==Modern reception==
	The claims of the book regarding a journey of Jesus to India are rejected or ignored by most scholars. The documents used by Ahmad were reviewed by the German indologist [[Günter Grönbold]] in ''[[Jesus in Indien. Das Ende einer Legende]]'' (Munich, 1985), with Grönbold concluding that Ahmad had misidentified material from the [[Barlaam and Josaphat]] texts relating to a Christianized version of the life of [[Siddhartha Gautama]], not of Jesus.<ref>Historia animae utilis de Barlaam et Ioasaph (spuria): Einführung 2009 3110210991 "...Jahrhunderts, in dem auf die Barlaam-Parabel vom König und seinem weisen Ratgeber (Kitāb Bilawhar wa Būdāsf, übers. ... Ghulām Ahmad aber scheint ganz selbständig eine Manipulation von Yūdāsafzu Yūzāsaf vorgenommen zu haben, und sie ist für ihn höchst wichtig: Das Grab in Srinagar ... 99 101 sein Buch überarbeitet104, Grönbold und Klatt sogar ins Literaturverzeichnis aufgenommen, 156 "</ref> Another German scholar [[Norbert Klatt]] in ''Lebte Jesus in Indien?'' (1988) examined the same Muslim and Christian source texts and came to the same conclusions as Grönbold.{{cn\|date=April 2020}}		The claims of the book regarding a journey of Jesus to India are rejected or ignored by most scholars. The documents used by Ahmad were reviewed by the German indologist [[Günter Grönbold]] in ''[[Jesus in Indien. Das Ende einer Legende]]'' (Munich, 1985), with Grönbold concluding that Ahmad had misidentified material from the [[Barlaam and Josaphat]] texts relating to a Christianized version of the life of [[Siddhartha Gautama]], not of Jesus.<ref>Historia animae utilis de Barlaam et Ioasaph (spuria): Einführung 2009 3110210991 "...Jahrhunderts, in dem auf die Barlaam-Parabel vom König und seinem weisen Ratgeber (Kitāb Bilawhar wa Būdāsf, übers. ... Ghulām Ahmad aber scheint ganz selbständig eine Manipulation von Yūdāsafzu Yūzāsaf vorgenommen zu haben, und sie ist für ihn höchst wichtig: Das Grab in Srinagar ... 99 101 sein Buch überarbeitet104, Grönbold und Klatt sogar ins Literaturverzeichnis aufgenommen, 156 "</ref> Another German scholar [[Norbert Klatt]] in ''Lebte Jesus in Indien?'' (1988) examined the same Muslim and Christian source texts and came to the same conclusions as Grönbold.{{citation needed\|date=April 2020}}

	==See also==		==See also==

>Gotitbro: +Category:20th-century Indian books; +Category:Jesus in Islam; +Category:Indian religious texts using HotCat

2021-03-09T07:00:05Z

+Category:20th-century Indian books; +Category:Jesus in Islam; +Category:Indian religious texts using HotCat

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{{Use Indian English|date=August 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2013}}
{{italic title}}
[[File:Jesus in india front cover.jpg|thumb|300px|Book cover of 2003 English edition]]
{{Ahmadiyya|Literature}}
'''''Jesus in India''''' ({{lang-ur|{{Nastaliq| مسیح ہندوستان میں}}}}; ''Masīh Hindustān Meiń'') is a treatise written by [[Mirza Ghulam Ahmad]], the founder of the [[Ahmadiyya Movement]] in 1889. The treatise, which was then published as a book, puts forward the view that [[Swoon hypothesis|Jesus survived crucifixion]], left [[Judea (Roman province)|Judea]] and migrated eastward in order to continue his mission to the '[[Lost Tribes of Israel]]', traveling through [[Persia]] and [[Afghanistan]] and eventually dying a natural and honourable death in [[Kashmir]] at an old age.<ref name=PubV/><ref>J. Gordon Melton ''The Encyclopedia of Religious Phenomena'' 2007 p377</ref> Ghulam Ahmad applied textual analysis of both the [[Gospels]] and Islamic sources – the [[Quran]] and ''[[hadith]]'' – and also drew upon medical and historical material, including what he claimed were ancient [[Buddhist]] records, to argue his case. Modern scholars such as [[Norbert Klatt]] (1988) have rejected Ghulam Ahmad's use of these latter sources as misreadings of material unrelated to Jesus.<ref>Klatt, ''Lebte Jesus in Indien?'' Göttingen : Wallstein-Verlag, 1988</ref>

==Background==
The book was completed in 1899 and was partly serialised in the ''[[Review of Religions]]'' in 1902-1903. It was published in book form shortly after Ghulam Ahmad’s death in 1908.<ref name=PubV>The publisher's note (page v) at the beginning of the book states: "Written in 1899, and partly serialized in [[Review of Religions]] in 1902 and 1903, the book itself was posthumously published on 20th November 1908." ''Jesus in India'' by Mirza Ghulam Ahmad (1 July 2003) {{ISBN|1853727237}}</ref> The first complete English translation was published in 1944.<ref name=PubV/>

==Content of the book==
The treatise suggests that Jesus, having survived crucifixion, discreetly left [[Judea (Roman province)|Roman jurisdiction]] for the East, starting his journey from [[Jerusalem]] and passing through [[Nisibis]] and [[Persia]], eventually reaching [[Afghanistan]] where he met the [[Israelite]] tribes who had settled there after their escape from the bonds of [[Nebuchadnezzar]] centuries before. From here he travelled to Kashmir where some Israelite tribes had also settled and lived there until his death at an old age.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.alislam.org/library/books/jesus-in-india/preface.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2009-08-19 |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090831232250/http://alislam.org/library/books/jesus-in-india/preface.html |archive-date=31 August 2009 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

Other authors have suggested that the resemblance between Buddhist and Christian teachings and between the lives of Jesus and Buddha as recorded in their respective scriptures indicate that Buddhist teachings must have reached [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]] been incorporated by Jesus into his own teaching, or that he must have travelled to India pre-crucifixion.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.tombofjesus.com/2007/core/founders/notovitch/index.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=19 August 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090105224748/http://www.tombofjesus.com/2007/core/founders/notovitch/index.html |archive-date=5 January 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ghulam Ahmad, however, asserts that Jesus reached India only after the crucifixion and that Buddhists later reproduced elements of the Gospels in their scriptures. He argues that Jesus also preached to Buddhist monks, some of whom were originally Jews, who accepted him as a manifestation of the Buddha, the 'promised teacher', and mingled his teachings with Buddha’s.

''Jesus in India'' also contains claims on the whereabouts of the Lost Tribes of Israel, suggesting that these tribes were scattered throughout Afghanistan, Kashmir, and Western China.<ref>http://www.alislam.org/sunrise/sunrise2003-4.pdf</ref> It also provides a list of tribes of these regions seeking to trace their [[Theory of Pashtun descent from Israelites|Israelite roots]].{{dubious|date=May 2015}}

==Alleged discovery==

Ahmadiyya literature states that one of Ghulam Ahmad’s disciples, Khalifa Nur Din (or Noor al-Din) of [[Jalalpur Jattan]], District [[Gujrat District|Gujrat]], [[Pakistan]] spoke to him about a tomb in [[Srinagar]] that was said to be the tomb of a prophet named [[Yuz Asaf]]. Ghulam Ahmad instructed him to do some further research into the matter. Nur Din went to Srinagar and stayed there for about four months. He collected information and also obtained the signatures of 556 inhabitants who attested that, according to their traditions, the remains of Jesus Christ lay in the [[Roza Bal]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.tombofjesus.com/2007/core/founders/ahmad/index.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=19 August 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090105174234/http://www.tombofjesus.com/2007/core/founders/ahmad/index.html |archive-date=5 January 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref> He also brought back a sketch of the Roza Bal. Thereafter, Ghulam Ahmad decided to send one of his followers, Maulvi Abdullah, to Kashmir to investigate this tomb. Maulvi Abdullah arrived in Kashmir, conducted his investigations, and wrote back to Ghulam Ahmad about his findings. Ghulam Ahmad then published a poster that contained Maulvi Abdullah’s letter, as well as Maulvi Abdullah’s sketch of the Roza Bal.

Ghulam Ahmad began studying the local traditions of the people of Kashmir, both oral and written, and discovered that these traditions, as mentioned in the letter from Maulvi Abdullah, referred to the Roza Bal as the tomb of ''Nabi Isa'' (Prophet Jesus). According to this information, the Muslims in that locality did not believe Jesus to be in heaven, as was taught by the orthodox clergy. The Ahmadiyya publication, ''Review of Religions'', recorded this belief in its October, 1909 edition.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.tombofjesus.com/2007/core/founders/ahmad/Letter_of_Maulvi_Abdullah.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=22 August 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717071156/http://www.tombofjesus.com/2007/core/founders/ahmad/Letter_of_Maulvi_Abdullah.pdf |archive-date=17 July 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Modern reception==
The claims of the book regarding a journey of Jesus to India are rejected or ignored by most scholars. The documents used by Ahmad were reviewed by the German indologist [[Günter Grönbold]] in ''[[Jesus in Indien. Das Ende einer Legende]]'' (Munich, 1985), with Grönbold concluding that Ahmad had misidentified material from the [[Barlaam and Josaphat]] texts relating to a Christianized version of the life of [[Siddhartha Gautama]], not of Jesus.<ref>Historia animae utilis de Barlaam et Ioasaph (spuria): Einführung 2009 3110210991 "...Jahrhunderts, in dem auf die Barlaam-Parabel vom König und seinem weisen Ratgeber (Kitāb Bilawhar wa Būdāsf, übers. ... Ghulām Ahmad aber scheint ganz selbständig eine Manipulation von Yūdāsafzu Yūzāsaf vorgenommen zu haben, und sie ist für ihn höchst wichtig: Das Grab in Srinagar ... 99 101 sein Buch überarbeitet104, Grönbold und Klatt sogar ins Literaturverzeichnis aufgenommen, 156 "</ref> Another German scholar [[Norbert Klatt]] in ''Lebte Jesus in Indien?'' (1988) examined the same Muslim and Christian source texts and came to the same conclusions as Grönbold.{{cn|date=April 2020}}

==See also==
*[[Jesus in Ahmadiyya Islam]]
*[[Ten Lost Tribes|The Ten Lost Tribes]]
*''[[The Jesus Conspiracy]]''
*[[Mirza Ghulam Ahmad bibliography|Writings of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad]]
* [[Unknown years of Jesus]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.alislam.org/library/books/jesus-in-india/index.html ''Jesus in India'']
*[http://www.alislam.org/topics/jesus/ Ahmadiyya views on Jesus]

{{Ahmadiyya topics|state=collapsed}}

[[Category:Works by Mirza Ghulam Ahmad]]
[[Category:Books about Jesus]]
[[Category:Swoon hypothesis]]
[[Category:1902 books]]
[[Category:1903 books]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian books]]
[[Category:Jesus in Islam]]
[[Category:Indian religious texts]]