https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=Jayavarman_I_of_MalwaJayavarman I of Malwa - Revision history2026-08-20T19:46:01ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.43.6https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jayavarman_I_of_Malwa&diff=505983&oldid=prevAmanshrbiz: done2025-09-26T07:44:30Z<p>done</p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{Short description|King of Malwa from 1142 to 1143}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2017}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2017}}<br />
{{Infobox royalty<br />
| name = Jayavarman<br />
| title = Parama-bhattaraka<br/>[[Maharaja|Maharajadhiraja]]<br/>Parameshvara<br />
| succession = [[King of Malwa]]<br />
| reign = {{circa|1142|1143}}<br />
| predecessor = [[Yashovarman (Paramara dynasty)|Yashovarman]]<br />
| successor = Ballala (usurper) in Malwa, Lakshmivarman(brother) in the Bhopal area principality<br />
| issue = [[Vindhyavarman]]<br />
| regnal name = Jayavarman or Ajayavarman<br />
| father = [[Yashovarman (Paramara dynasty)|Yashovarman]]<br />
| religion = [[Hinduism]]<br />
| dynasty = [[Paramara dynasty|Paramara]]<br />
}}<br />
'''Jayavarman''' (reigned 1142–1143), also known as '''Ajayavarman''', was an Indian king from the [[Paramara dynasty]], who ruled in the [[Malwa]] region of central India. He appears to have recaptured the Paramara capital [[Dhara (city)|Dhara]] after a [[Chaulukya]] occupation of the city. Sometime later, an usurper named Ballala became the control of the city, and Jayavarman appears to have moved to a newly created principality in the [[Bhopal]] area.<br />
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== Recapture of Dhara ==<br />
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Jayavarman succeeded his father [[Yashovarman (Paramara dynasty)|Yashovarman]] as the Paramara king. The relationship between Jayavarman and Yashovarman is confirmed by the Piplianagar inscription of their descendant [[Arjunavarman]], which calls Jayavarman "Ajayavarman".{{sfn|H. V. Trivedi|1991|pp=130-131}} During Yashovarman's reign, the [[Chaulukya]]s from the west had captured a large part of the Paramara kingdom, as attested by the 1138 [[Ujjain]] inscription of the Chaulukya king [[Jayasimha Siddharaja]]. The Paramara power was also threatened by the [[Chandela]]s in the east, and [[Chalukyas of Kalyani|Chalukyas]] in the south. Amid these circumstances, Jayavarman appears to have moved to the Bhopal region, closer to the territory of his south-eastern neighbours, the [[Kalachuris of Tripuri]]. The Kalachuri king [[Gayakarna]] had married a Paramara princess, and presumably had good relations with the Paramara family.{{sfn|H. V. Trivedi|1991|p=130}} Around 1142–1143, Jayavarman seems to have regained control of at least a part of his ancestral kingdom, including the capital Dhara. This is suggested by his grant inscription, in which he assumes the titles of a paramount sovereign.{{sfn|Arvind K. Singh|2012|p=23}}{{sfn|H. V. Trivedi|1991|p=132}}<br />
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If Jayavarman indeed controlled the traditional Paramara territory of [[Malwa]], he may have suffered some reverses at his southern frontier: the contemporary southern kings such as the Chalukya ruler [[Jagadhekamalla II]] and the [[Hoysala]] ruler [[Vishnuvardhana]] claim victories over Malava (that is, Malwa) in their inscriptions.{{sfn|Arvind K. Singh|2012|p=23}}<br />
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== Last days and succession ==<br />
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The Paramara genealogy after Jayavarman is not clear, as different inscriptions provide varying details about his successors.{{sfn|Arvind K. Singh|2012|p=24}}<br />
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Some years after Jayavarman's ascension, the Paramara territory came under the rule of a person named Ballala, who is called the king of Dhara in the 1160 [[Veraval]] inscription, the king of Malava in a [[Mount Abu]] inscription, and the king of [[Avanti (Ancient India)|Avanti]] in Hemachandra's ''Dvyashraya Kavya''.{{sfn|Arvind K. Singh|2012|p=23}} Modern scholars variously speculate him to be a former Paramara feudatory, a [[Hoysala]] chief, or a governor installed by the [[Chalukyas of Kalyani]].{{sfn|K. C. Jain|1972|p=363}} He was defeated by the [[Chaulukya]]s, who re-occupied the Paramara territory in the 1150s.{{sfn|Arvind K. Singh|2012|pp=23-24}}<br />
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Meanwhile, the Paramara royals appear to have moved to the area around present-day [[Bhopal]], where their inscriptions have been discovered. In these inscriptions, they assume the low-status title ''mahakumara''. Their political relation with the Chaulukyas is not certain.{{sfn|Arvind K. Singh|2012|p=24}} The move to Bhopal probably happened during Jayavarman's time, as an inscription mentions his grant of some places in the Mahadvadashaka-mandala region. The inscription records the confirmation of these grants by his brother Lakshmivarman, so it appears that Jayavarman lost the newly created principality of Bhopal, possibly to an invasion from the east by the [[Chandela]] king [[Madanavarman]]. He probably died in a conflict against the Chaulukyas, and the Bhopal area was recaptured by his brother Lakshmivarman.{{sfn|Arvind K. Singh|2012|pp=24-25}}<br />
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Lakshmivarman's son Harishchandra and grandson Udayavarman ruled after him: none of these princes appear to have made an attempt to recapture their ancestral kingdom. Sometime before 1190, Jayavarman's son [[Vindhyavarman]] regained control of a substantial part of the former Paramara territory,{{sfn|Arvind K. Singh|2012|p=25}} possibly during the reign of the Chaulukya king [[Mularaja II]].{{sfn|R. C. Majumdar|1977|p=328}}<br />
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== Ujjain inscription ==<br />
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Only one inscription issued by Jayavarman, found at [[Ujjain]] by [[James Tod]], is available.{{sfn|H. V. Trivedi|1991|p=129}} The date of the inscription was probably present on its second copper plate, which is now lost.{{sfn|H. V. Trivedi|1991|p=132}} Tod presented the inscription to the [[Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland]] in 1824; it was later moved to the [[British Museum]] in London. The inscription's text was edited by [[Henry Thomas Colebrooke|H. T. Colebrooke]] with a facsimile and a translation, amended by F. E. Hall, and later re-edited by [[Lorenz Franz Kielhorn|F. Kielhorn]] (1890) and H. V. Trivedi (1991).{{sfn|H. V. Trivedi|1991|pp=129-130}}<br />
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The inscription is written in [[Sanskrit]] language and [[Nagari script]]. Like many other Paramara inscriptions, it first praises the god [[Shiva]], and provides a genealogy of the Paramara dynasty. It mentions the kings [[Udayaditya]], [[Naravarman]], [[Yashovarman (Paramara dynasty)|Yashovarman]], and Jayavarman. All the kings are titled ''Parama-bhattaraka'', ''Maharajadhiraja'', and ''Parameshvara''.{{sfn|H. V. Trivedi|1991|p=130}} The inscription then states that Jayavarman, who was residing at Vardhamana-pura (modern [[Badnawar]]) at the time the inscription was issued, had granted the Mayamodaka village connected to Vatakhetaka, while he was staying at Chandrapuri.{{sfn|H. V. Trivedi|1991|p=131}} Vatakhetaka may be identified with present-day [[Barkheda, Bhopal|Barkheda]]; Chandrapuri was possibly located around modern [[Bhopal]] area, where Jayavarman stayed during the Chaulukya occupation of Malwa, and made the grant of Mayamodaka. After regaining control of Malwa, he seems to have issued the Ujjain inscription confirming the grant as the king of Malwa.{{sfn|H. V. Trivedi|1991|p=132}}<br />
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The name of the donee is lost, but he was a man of [[Bharadvaja]] [[gotra]], a resident of Raja-Brahmapuri, and a native of Adriyalaviddhavari in Dakshina-desha ("southern country").{{sfn|H. V. Trivedi|1991|p=131}}<br />
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== References ==<br />
{{reflist|2}}<br />
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=== Bibliography ===<br />
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{{ref begin}}<br />
* {{cite journal |author=Arvind K. Singh |title=Interpreting the History of the Paramāras |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society |volume=22 |issue=1 |year=2012 |pages=13–28 |jstor=41490371 }}<br />
* {{cite book |author=K. C. Jain |title=Malwa Through the Ages, from the Earliest Times to 1305 A.D |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_3O7q7cU7k0C&pg=PA354 |year=1972 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=978-81-208-0824-9 }}<br />
* {{cite book |author=R. C. Majumdar |title=Ancient India |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |year=1977 |isbn=9788120804364 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XNxiN5tzKOgC&pg=PA327 }}<br />
* {{cite book |author=Harihar Vitthal Trivedi |title=Inscriptions of the Paramāras (Part 2) |series=Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum Volume VII: Inscriptions of the Paramāras, Chandēllas, Kachchapaghātas, and two minor dynasties |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8B4LAQAAMAAJ |year=1991 |publisher=[[Archaeological Survey of India]] |doi=10.5281/zenodo.1451755 |ref={{harvid|H. V. Trivedi|1991}} }}<br />
{{ref end}}<br />
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{{Paramara dynasty}}<br />
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[[Category:Kings of Malwa]]<br />
[[Category:Paramara dynasty]]<br />
[[Category:12th-century Indian monarchs]]<br />
[[Category:12th-century monarchs in Asia]]</div>Amanshrbiz