Jayaprakash Narayan - Revision history

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->Danheg: /* Early life */Fixed year of birth from 1900 to 1902

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Early life: Fixed year of birth from 1900 to 1902

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:36, 9 January 2022
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	{{Infobox person		{{Infobox person
	\| name = Jayaprakash Narayan		\| name = Jayaprakash Narayan
	\| birth_name = ~~Jayaprakash Narayan~~		\| birth_name =
	\| image = ~~Jawaharlal Nehru with Jayaprakash Narayan (cropped)~~.~~jpg~~		\| image = File:JPN57.webp
	\| caption =		\| caption = JP during his visit in Germany, c. 1959.
	\| birth_date = {{Birth date\|df=yes\|1902\|10\|11}}		\| birth_date = {{Birth date\|df=yes\|1902\|10\|11}}
	\| death_date = {{Death date and age\|df=yes\|1979\|10\|08\|1902\|10\|11}}		\| death_date = {{Death date and age\|df=yes\|1979\|10\|08\|1902\|10\|11}}
	\| birth_place = [[Sitab Diara]], [[Saran district]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British Raj\|British India]]~~<br/>~~(~~present day~~ [[Bihar]], India)		\| birth_place = Sitab Diara, [[Saran district]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British Raj\|British India]] (modern–day [[Bihar]], [[India]])
	\| death_place = [[Patna]], [[Bihar]], India		\| death_place = [[Patna]], [[Bihar]], [[India]]
	\| nationality = [[Indian people\|Indian]]		\| nationality = [[Indian people\|Indian]]
	\| occupation = {{hlist\|Activist\|theorist\|politician}}		\| occupation = {{hlist\|Activist\|theorist\|politician}}
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	He came from a [[Kayastha]] family.<ref>{{cite book \|title=Jayaprakash Narayan: A Centenary Volume \|first=Sandip \|last=Das \|publisher=Mittal Publications \|year=2005 \|isbn=978-81-8324-001-7 \|page=109 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U9U0LiT3dtMC&pg=PA239 }}</ref> He was the fourth child of Harsu Dayal and Phul Rani Devi. His father Harsu Dayal was a junior official in the Canal Department of the State government and was often touring the region. When Narayan was 9 years old, he left his village to enroll in the 7th class of the collegiate school at Patna.<ref>{{cite book\|author1=Scarfe, Allan \|author2=Scarfe, Wendy \|title=J. P., His Biography\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v5IiKlr-AnUC&pg=PR9\|year=1998\|publisher=Orient Blackswan\|isbn=978-81-250-1021-0\|page=30}}</ref> This was his first break from village life. JP stayed at a student hostel—Saraswati Bhawan—in which most of the boys were a bit older. Among them were some of Bihar's future leaders including its first chief minister, [[Krishna Singh (politician)\|Krishna Singh]], his deputy [[Anugrah Narayan Sinha]] and several others who were to widely become known in politics and academic world.<ref>{{cite book\|author=Bhattacharjea, Ajit \|title=Jayaprakash Narayan: A Political Biography\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hMcJAQAAIAAJ\|year=1978\|publisher=Vikas Publishing House\|page=33\|isbn=9780836401158}}</ref>		He came from a [[Kayastha]] family.<ref>{{cite book \|title=Jayaprakash Narayan: A Centenary Volume \|first=Sandip \|last=Das \|publisher=Mittal Publications \|year=2005 \|isbn=978-81-8324-001-7 \|page=109 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U9U0LiT3dtMC&pg=PA239 }}</ref> He was the fourth child of Harsu Dayal and Phul Rani Devi. His father Harsu Dayal was a junior official in the Canal Department of the State government and was often touring the region. When Narayan was 9 years old, he left his village to enroll in the 7th class of the collegiate school at Patna.<ref>{{cite book\|author1=Scarfe, Allan \|author2=Scarfe, Wendy \|title=J. P., His Biography\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v5IiKlr-AnUC&pg=PR9\|year=1998\|publisher=Orient Blackswan\|isbn=978-81-250-1021-0\|page=30}}</ref> This was his first break from village life. JP stayed at a student hostel—Saraswati Bhawan—in which most of the boys were a bit older. Among them were some of Bihar's future leaders including its first chief minister, [[Krishna Singh (politician)\|Krishna Singh]], his deputy [[Anugrah Narayan Sinha]] and several others who were to widely become known in politics and academic world.<ref>{{cite book\|author=Bhattacharjea, Ajit \|title=Jayaprakash Narayan: A Political Biography\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hMcJAQAAIAAJ\|year=1978\|publisher=Vikas Publishing House\|page=33\|isbn=9780836401158}}</ref>

	In October ~~1920~~, 18-year-old Narayan married Braj Kishore Prasad's 14-year-old daughter [[Prabhavati Devi]], a freedom fighter in her own right.,<ref name=Das2005p239 /> their ages being normal marriageable ages at those times. After their wedding, since Narayan was working in Patna and it was difficult for his wife to stay with him, on the invitation of [[Gandhi]], Prabhavati became an inmate at [[Sabarmati Ashram]] ([[Ahmedabad]]).<ref>{{cite book \|title=Jayaprakash Narayan: His Life and Mission \|first=Das \|last=Ratan \|publisher=Sarup & Sons \|year=2007 \|isbn=978-81-7625-734-3 \|page=7 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rdekxv8HsvMC&q=JayaPrakash%20Narayan%20children&pg=PA18}}</ref> Jayaprakash, along with some friends, went to listen to Maulana Abul Kalam Azad speak about the Non-co-operation movement launched by Gandhi against the passing of the [[Rowlatt Act]] of 1919. The Maulana was a brilliant orator and his call to give up English education was "like leaves before a storm: Jayaprakash was swept away and momentarily lifted up to the skies. That brief experience of soaring up with the winds of a great idea left imprints on his inner being". Jayaprakash took the Maulana's words to heart and left Bihar National College with just 20 days remaining for his examinations. Jayaprakash joined the Bihar Vidyapeeth, a college founded by [[Rajendra Prasad]] and became among the first students of Gandhian Anugraha Narayan Sinha.{{citation needed\|date=February 2018}}		In October 1918, 18-year-old Narayan married Braj Kishore Prasad's 14-year-old daughter [[Prabhavati Devi]], a freedom fighter in her own right.,<ref name=Das2005p239 /> their ages being normal marriageable ages at those times. After their wedding, since Narayan was working in Patna and it was difficult for his wife to stay with him, on the invitation of [[Gandhi]], Prabhavati became an inmate at [[Sabarmati Ashram]] ([[Ahmedabad]]).<ref>{{cite book \|title=Jayaprakash Narayan: His Life and Mission \|first=Das \|last=Ratan \|publisher=Sarup & Sons \|year=2007 \|isbn=978-81-7625-734-3 \|page=7 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rdekxv8HsvMC&q=JayaPrakash%20Narayan%20children&pg=PA18}}</ref> Jayaprakash, along with some friends, went to listen to Maulana Abul Kalam Azad speak about the Non-co-operation movement launched by Gandhi against the passing of the [[Rowlatt Act]] of 1919. The Maulana was a brilliant orator and his call to give up English education was "like leaves before a storm: Jayaprakash was swept away and momentarily lifted up to the skies. That brief experience of soaring up with the winds of a great idea left imprints on his inner being". Jayaprakash took the Maulana's words to heart and left Bihar National College with just 20 days remaining for his examinations. Jayaprakash joined the Bihar Vidyapeeth, a college founded by [[Rajendra Prasad]] and became among the first students of Gandhian Anugraha Narayan Sinha.{{citation needed\|date=February 2018}}

	=== Higher education in the United States ===		=== Higher education in the United States ===
	After exhausting the courses at the Vidyapeeth, Jayaprakash decided to continue studies in the [[United States]].<ref name=Das2005p239>{{cite book \|title=Jayaprakash Narayan: A Centenary Volume \|first=Sandip \|last=Das \|publisher=Mittal Publications \|year=~~2005~~ \|isbn=978-81-8324-001-7 \|page=239 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U9U0LiT3dtMC&pg=PA239 }}</ref>		After exhausting the courses at the Vidyapeeth, Jayaprakash decided to continue studies in the [[United States]].<ref name=Das2005p239>{{cite book \|title=Jayaprakash Narayan: A Centenary Volume \|first=Sandip \|last=Das \|publisher=Mittal Publications \|year=2007 \|isbn=978-81-8324-001-7 \|page=239 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U9U0LiT3dtMC&pg=PA239 }}</ref>
	At age 20, Jayaprakash sailed aboard the cargo ship ''Janus'' while Prabhavati remained at Sabarmati. Jayaprakash reached California on 8 October 1922 and was admitted to [[University of California, Berkeley\|Berkeley]] in January 1923.<ref name="ie">{{cite news \|last1=Chishti \|first1=Seema \|title=Jayaprakash Narayan: Reluctant messiah of a turbulent time \|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/explained/jayaprakash-narayan-emergency-congress-jp-movement-emergency-in-india-indira-gandhi-sampoorna-kranti-4884241/ \|access-date=11 June 2018 \|publisher=The India Express \|date=11 October 2017}}</ref> To pay for his education, Jayaprakash picked grapes, set them out to dry, packed fruits at a canning factory, washed dishes, worked as a mechanic at a garage and at a slaughterhouse, sold lotions and taught. All these jobs gave Jayaprakash an insight into the difficulties of the working class.<ref name="indiatimes1"/><ref name="nytimes1975"/>		At age 20, Jayaprakash sailed aboard the cargo ship ''Janus'' while Prabhavati remained at Sabarmati. Jayaprakash reached California on 8 October 1922 and was admitted to [[University of California, Berkeley\|Berkeley]] in January 1923.<ref name="ie">{{cite news \|last1=Chishti \|first1=Seema \|title=Jayaprakash Narayan: Reluctant messiah of a turbulent time \|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/explained/jayaprakash-narayan-emergency-congress-jp-movement-emergency-in-india-indira-gandhi-sampoorna-kranti-4884241/ \|access-date=11 June 2018 \|publisher=The India Express \|date=11 October 2017}}</ref> To pay for his education, Jayaprakash picked grapes, set them out to dry, packed fruits at a canning factory, washed dishes, worked as a mechanic at a garage and at a slaughterhouse, sold lotions and taught. All these jobs gave Jayaprakash an insight into the difficulties of the working class.<ref name="indiatimes1"/><ref name="nytimes1975"/>

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	\|date = 16 May 2001		\|date = 16 May 2001
	\|access-date = 2 January 2009		\|access-date = 2 January 2009
	\|url-status = ~~dead~~		\|url-status = usurped
	\|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090720063610/http://www.hinduonnet.com/2001/05/16/stories/05162523.htm		\|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090720063610/http://www.hinduonnet.com/2001/05/16/stories/05162523.htm
	\|archive-date = 20 July 2009		\|archive-date = 20 July 2009
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	* The [[Patna airport]]		* The [[Patna airport]]
	* On 1 August 2015, the Chhapra-Delhi-Chhapra Weekly Express was renamed as [[Loknayak Express]] in his honour.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://indiarailinfo.com/blog/post/1555434\|title=Blog Entry# 1555434\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151018175621/http://indiarailinfo.com/blog/post/1555434\|archive-date=18 October 2015\|date=1 August 2015\|url-status=live\|access-date=1 August 2015\|publisher=India Rail}}</ref>		* On 1 August 2015, the Chhapra-Delhi-Chhapra Weekly Express was renamed as [[Loknayak Express]] in his honour.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://indiarailinfo.com/blog/post/1555434\|title=Blog Entry# 1555434\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151018175621/http://indiarailinfo.com/blog/post/1555434\|archive-date=18 October 2015\|date=1 August 2015\|url-status=live\|access-date=1 August 2015\|publisher=India Rail}}</ref>
	* [[Digha-Sonpur Bridge]], a rail-road bridge across river [[Ganga]] in [[Bihar]]		* [[Digha-Sonpur Bridge\|JP Setu the Digha-Sonpur Bridge]], a rail-road bridge across river [[Ganga]] in [[Bihar]]
	*[[Jayaprakash Narayan Nagar]] (JP Nagar) a residential area in [[Bangalore]].		*[[Jayaprakash Narayan Nagar]] (JP Nagar) a residential area in [[Bangalore]].
	*[[Jayaprakash Nagar, Mysore\|Jayaprakash Nagar]] (JP Nagar) a residential area in [[Mysore]].		*[[Jayaprakash Nagar, Mysore\|Jayaprakash Nagar]] (JP Nagar) a residential area in [[Mysore]].

imported>Gotitbro at 22:33, 10 August 2021

2021-08-10T22:33:07Z

>SpacemanSpiff: Reverted edits by Sanatani22 (talk) to last version by 47.9.228.2

2021-07-08T02:55:07Z

Reverted edits by Sanatani22 (talk) to last version by 47.9.228.2

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{{short description|Indian independence activist and political leader}}
{{about|the Indian independence activist and politician|the currect Indian politician and activist|Jaya Prakash Narayana}}
{{EngvarB|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Infobox person
|name = Jayaprakash Narayan
|birth_name = Jayaprakash Narayan
|image = Jawaharlal Nehru with Jayaprakash Narayan (cropped).jpg
|caption =
|birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1902|10|11}}
|death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1979|10|08|1902|10|11}}
|birth_place = [[Sitab Diara]], [[Saran district]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British Raj|British India]] (present day [[Bihar]], India)
|death_place = [[Patna]], [[Bihar]], India
|nationality = [[Indian people|Indian]]
|occupation = {{hlist|Activist|theorist|politician}}
|alma_mater =[[University of Wisconsin]] (M.A., Sociology) [[Ohio State University]] (B. A., Behavioral Science) [[University of Iowa]] (CHE, discontinued) [[University of California, Berkeley|U.C. Berkley]] (Chemistry, discontinued)<ref name="indiatimes1"/><ref name="nytimes1975"/>
|spouse = [[Prabhavati Devi]]
|relatives = [[Brajkishore Prasad]] (father-in-law)
|other_names = JP, Jay Prakash Narayan, ''Lok Nayak''
|movement = [[Quit India]], [[Sarvodaya]], [[JP Movement]]
|party = [[Indian National Congress]] [[Janata Party]]
|awards = {{Unbulleted_list|[[Ramon Magsaysay Award]] (1965)|[[Bharat Ratna]] (1999) (posthumously)}}
}}

'''Jayaprakash Narayan''' ({{Audio|Jayaprakash Narayan.ogg|listen}}; 11 October 1902 – 8 October 1979), popularly referred to as '''JP''' or '''''Lok Nayak''''' ([[Hindi]] for "People's leader"), was an [[Indian independence activist]], theorist, socialist and political leader. He is also known as the "Hero of Quit India Movement" and he is remembered for leading the mid-1970s opposition against Prime Minister [[Indira Gandhi]], for whose overthrow he had called for a "[[Bihar Movement|total revolution]]". His biography, ''Jayaprakash,'' was written by his nationalist friend and the writer of [[Hindi literature]], [[Rambriksh Benipuri]]. In 1999, he was posthumously awarded the [[Bharat Ratna]], India's highest civilian award, in recognition of his social work. Other awards include the [[Magsaysay award]] for Public Service in 1965.

==Early life==
Jayprakash Narayan was born on 11 October 1902<ref>{{cite book |title=Jayaprakash Narayan: His Life and Mission |first=Das |last=Ratan |publisher=Sarup & Sons |year=2007 |isbn=978-81-7625-734-3 |page=7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rdekxv8HsvMC&q=JayaPrakash%20Narayan%20children&pg=PA7}}</ref> in the village of Sitabdiara, [[Saran district]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British India]] (present-day [[Chhapra]] district, [[Bihar]], [[India]]).<ref>{{cite book |last1=Prasad |first1=Bimal |title=A Revolutionary's Quest: Selected Writings of Jayaprakash Narayan |year=1980 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-561204-2 |page=IX |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/A_Revolutionary_s_Quest/mfIdAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=A+Revolutionary%27s+Quest&dq=A+Revolutionary%27s+Quest&printsec=frontcover |language=en}}</ref> Sitabdiara is a large village, straddling two states and three districts — [[Saran district|Saran]] and [[Bhojpur district, India|Bhojpur]] in [[Bihar]] and [[Ballia district|Ballia]] in [[Uttar Pradesh]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.livemint.com/Politics/7Cd1F6SGSytnijazy8dUiL/A-forgotten-heros-forgotten-legacy.html |title=A forgotten hero's forgotten legacy |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170816152410/http://www.livemint.com/Politics/7Cd1F6SGSytnijazy8dUiL/A-forgotten-heros-forgotten-legacy.html |archive-date=16 August 2017 }}</ref> His house was near the banks of the flood-prone [[Ghaghara]] river. Every time the river swelled, the house would get a little bit damaged, eventually forcing the family to move a few kilometres away to a settlement which is now known as Jay Prakash Nagar and falls in Uttar Pradesh.

He came from a [[Kayastha]] family.<ref>{{cite book |title=Jayaprakash Narayan: A Centenary Volume |first=Sandip |last=Das |publisher=Mittal Publications |year=2005 |isbn=978-81-8324-001-7 |page=109 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U9U0LiT3dtMC&pg=PA239 }}</ref> He was the fourth child of Harsu Dayal and Phul Rani Devi. His father Harsu Dayal was a junior official in the Canal Department of the State government and was often touring the region. When Narayan was 9 years old, he left his village to enroll in the 7th class of the collegiate school at Patna.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Scarfe, Allan |author2=Scarfe, Wendy |title=J. P., His Biography|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v5IiKlr-AnUC&pg=PR9|year=1998|publisher=Orient Blackswan|isbn=978-81-250-1021-0|page=30}}</ref> This was his first break from village life. JP stayed at a student hostel—Saraswati Bhawan—in which most of the boys were a bit older. Among them were some of Bihar's future leaders including its first chief minister, [[Krishna Singh (politician)|Krishna Singh]], his deputy [[Anugrah Narayan Sinha]] and several others who were to widely become known in politics and academic world.<ref>{{cite book|author=Bhattacharjea, Ajit |title=Jayaprakash Narayan: A Political Biography|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hMcJAQAAIAAJ|year=1978|publisher=Vikas Publishing House|page=33|isbn=9780836401158}}</ref>

In October 1920, 18-year-old Narayan married Braj Kishore Prasad's 14-year-old daughter [[Prabhavati Devi]], a freedom fighter in her own right.,<ref name=Das2005p239 /> their ages being normal marriageable ages at those times. After their wedding, since Narayan was working in Patna and it was difficult for his wife to stay with him, on the invitation of [[Gandhi]], Prabhavati became an inmate at [[Sabarmati Ashram]] ([[Ahmedabad]]).<ref>{{cite book |title=Jayaprakash Narayan: His Life and Mission |first=Das |last=Ratan |publisher=Sarup & Sons |year=2007 |isbn=978-81-7625-734-3 |page=7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rdekxv8HsvMC&q=JayaPrakash%20Narayan%20children&pg=PA18}}</ref> Jayaprakash, along with some friends, went to listen to Maulana Abul Kalam Azad speak about the Non-co-operation movement launched by Gandhi against the passing of the [[Rowlatt Act]] of 1919. The Maulana was a brilliant orator and his call to give up English education was "like leaves before a storm: Jayaprakash was swept away and momentarily lifted up to the skies. That brief experience of soaring up with the winds of a great idea left imprints on his inner being". Jayaprakash took the Maulana's words to heart and left Bihar National College with just 20 days remaining for his examinations. Jayaprakash joined the Bihar Vidyapeeth, a college founded by [[Rajendra Prasad]] and became among the first students of Gandhian Anugraha Narayan Sinha.{{citation needed|date=February 2018}}

=== Higher education in the United States ===
After exhausting the courses at the Vidyapeeth, Jayaprakash decided to continue studies in the [[United States]].<ref name=Das2005p239>{{cite book |title=Jayaprakash Narayan: A Centenary Volume |first=Sandip |last=Das |publisher=Mittal Publications |year=2005 |isbn=978-81-8324-001-7 |page=239 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U9U0LiT3dtMC&pg=PA239 }}</ref>
At age 20, Jayaprakash sailed aboard the cargo ship ''Janus'' while Prabhavati remained at Sabarmati. Jayaprakash reached California on 8 October 1922 and was admitted to [[University of California, Berkeley|Berkeley]] in January 1923.<ref name="ie">{{cite news |last1=Chishti |first1=Seema |title=Jayaprakash Narayan: Reluctant messiah of a turbulent time |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/explained/jayaprakash-narayan-emergency-congress-jp-movement-emergency-in-india-indira-gandhi-sampoorna-kranti-4884241/ |access-date=11 June 2018 |publisher=The India Express |date=11 October 2017}}</ref> To pay for his education, Jayaprakash picked grapes, set them out to dry, packed fruits at a canning factory, washed dishes, worked as a mechanic at a garage and at a slaughterhouse, sold lotions and taught. All these jobs gave Jayaprakash an insight into the difficulties of the working class.<ref name="indiatimes1"/><ref name="nytimes1975"/>

After a semester studying chemistry<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://hdl.handle.net/2027/coo.31924064686276?urlappend=%3Bseq=739|title=Register – University of California: 1922/1923|publisher=University of California Press|year=1923|location=Berkeley, California|page=227|hdl=2027/coo.31924064686276?urlappend=%3Bseq=739}}</ref> at UC Berkeley, Jayaprakash was forced to transfer to [[The University of Iowa]] when fees at Berkeley were doubled. He was forced to transfer to many universities thereafter. He pursued his favourite subject, sociology, and received much help from Professor [[Edward A. Ross|Edward Ross]].

In Wisconsin, Jayaprakash was introduced to [[Karl Marx]]'s ''[[Das Kapital]]''. News of the success of the Russian revolution of 1917 made Jayaprakash conclude that [[Marxism]] was the way to alleviate the suffering of the masses. He delved into books by Indian intellectual and Communist theoretician [[M. N. Roy]]. His paper on sociology, ''Cultural Variation'',<ref>Narayan, JP. Cultural variation. Diss. The Ohio State University, 1929.</ref> was declared the best of the year.<ref>{{cite web |title=Writings of Jayprakash Narayan |url=https://www.mkgandhi.org/jpnarayan/amarxism.htm |website=www.mkgandhi.org |access-date=21 January 2021}}</ref> He obtained M.A., Sociology from [[University of Wisconsin]], and B. A., in Behavioral Science from [[Ohio State University]].<ref name="indiatimes1">{{cite news|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/opinion/views/the-idea-of-total-revolution/articleshow/49422574.cms |title=The Idea of 'Total Revolution' |date=16 October 2015 |work=Bangalore Mirror |access-date=22 February 2021}}</ref><ref name="nytimes1975">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1975/03/30/archives/a-new-wave-from-the-old-india-out-of-the-past-comes-jp-narayan-a.html |title=A new wave from the old India |author=[[Khushwant Singh]] |work=New York Times |date=30 March 1975 |access-date=22 February 2021}}</ref>

==Politics==
[[File:J P Narayan.JPG|thumb|right|250px|Narayan with Israeli Prime Minister [[David Ben-Gurion]] in [[Tel Aviv]], 1958]]
Narayan returned from the US to India in late 1929 as a Marxist.<ref>{{cite book |title=Jayaprakash Narayan: A Centenary Volume |first=Sandip |last=Das |publisher=Mittal Publications |year=2005 |isbn=978-81-8324-001-7 |page=230 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U9U0LiT3dtMC&pg=PA239 }}</ref> He joined the [[Indian National Congress]] on the invitation of [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] in 1929; [[Mahatma Gandhi]] became his mentor in the Congress. He shared a house at ''Kadam Kuan'' in [[Patna]] with his close friend and nationalist [[Ganga Sharan Singh (Sinha)]]<ref name="Ralhan 2002 17998 at pages 73–74">{{cite book | first = O.P.
| last = Ralhan
| title = Encyclopaedia of Political Parties
| publisher = Anmol Publications Pvt. Ltd.
| year =2002
| pages =17998 (at pages 73–74)
| isbn = 978-81-7488-865-5
}}</ref> with whom he shared the most cordial and lasting friendship.<ref name="Ralhan 2002 17998 at pages 73–74"/>

He won particular fame during the [[Quit India]] movement.{{Citation needed|date=December 2011}}

After being jailed in 1932 for [[civil disobedience]] against British rule, Narayan was imprisoned in [[Nasik]] Jail, where he met [[Rammanohar Lohia|Ram Manohar Lohia]], [[Minoo Masani]], [[Achyut Patwardhan]], [[Asoka Mehta|Ashok Mehta]], [[Basawon Singh (Sinha)]], Yusuf Desai, C K Narayanaswami and other national leaders. After his release, the [[Congress Socialist Party]], or (CSP), a left-wing group within the Congress, was formed with [[Narendra Deva|Acharya Narendra Deva]] as President and Narayan as General secretary.{{citation needed|date=March 2014}}

When [[Mahatma Gandhi]] launched the [[Quit India Movement]] in August 1942, [[Yogendra Shukla]] scaled the wall of Hazaribagh Central Jail along with Jayaprakash Narayan, Suraj Narayan Singh, Gulab Chand Gupta, [[Pandit Ramnandan Mishra]], Shaligram Singh and Shyam Barthwar, with a goal to start an underground movement for freedom.<ref name="Srivastava 1988">{{cite book
| first = N.M.P.
| last = Srivastava
| title = Struggle for Freedom: Some Great Indian Revolutionaries
| publisher = K.P.Jayaswal Research Institute, [[Government of Bihar]], [[Patna]]
| year = 1988
}}</ref> Many young socialist leaders like [[Ram Manohar Lohia]], Chhotubhai Puranik, [[Aruna Asaf Ali]], etc. took part in underground movement. As Jayaprakash Narayan was ill, [[Yogendra Shukla]] walked to [[Gaya, India|Gaya]] with Jayaprakash Narayan on his shoulders,<ref name="Srivastava 1988"/> a distance of about 124 kilometres.<ref>[https://maps.google.co.in/maps?saddr=Hazaribagh+Central+Jail,+Hazaribagh,+Jharkhand&daddr=Gaya,+Bihar&hl=en&sll=24.400154,85.161956&sspn=1.358153,2.705383&geocode=FbyIbgEdiIAWBSE11t7IkSieBylpMaxAKZz0OTE11t7IkSieBw%3BFescegEdP7gQBSkfPBsKRCrzOTGmNL-9I7L2zg&oq=gaya&t=h&dirflg=w&mra=ltm&z=9 Distance between Hazaribagh Central Jail and Gaya]. Maps.google.co.in. Retrieved on 20 November 2018.</ref> He also served as the<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.patnadaily.com/index.php/opinions/readers-write/6819-bihar-vibhutis-legacy-drifting-into-oblivion.html |title=Bihar Vibhuti's Legacy Drifting into Oblivion?|work=Patna Daily|date=6 January 2012 |access-date=6 January 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120125205713/http://www.patnadaily.com/index.php/opinions/readers-write/6819-bihar-vibhutis-legacy-drifting-into-oblivion.html |archive-date=25 January 2012 }}</ref> Chairman of ''Anugrah Smarak Nidhi'' (Anugrah Narayan Memorial Fund).

Between 1947 and 1953, Jayaprakash Narayan was President of [[All India Railwaymen's Federation]], the largest labour union in the Indian Railways.<ref name="Bear">{{cite book|title= Lines of the Nation: Indian Railway Workers, Bureaucracy, and the Intimate Historical Self |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ChDDThfsVFcC&pg=PA231|publisher = Columbia University Press|page =231|year=2007|last=Bear|first=Laura|isbn = 9780231140027}}</ref>

==Bihar Movement and Total Revolution==
{{unreferenced section|date=December 2011}}
Narayan returned to prominence in State politics in the late 1960s. 1974 ushered in a year of high inflation, unemployment and lack of supplies and essential commodities. [[Nav Nirman]] Andolan movement of [[Gujarat]] asked Jayaprakash to lead a peaceful agitation. Following Jayaprakash Narayan's call for social justice, and a demand for dissolution of the Bihar assembly.

The Bihar government used brutal force to suppress the movement and on 18 March 1974, police fired on unarmed demonstrators and eight people were killed in police firing. On 8 April 1974, aged 72, he led a silent procession at Patna. As, Jayaprakash Narayan crossed the barricaded area followed by Satyendra Narain Sinha, Shyam Nandan Mishra, Digvijay Narayan Singh & B.R. Chandwar, the procession was [[lathi charge]]d. On 5 June 1974, Jayaprakash addressed a large crowd at Gandhi Maidan in Patna. He declared, "This is a revolution, friends! We are not here merely to see the Vidhan Sabha dissolved. That is only one milestone on our journey. But we have a long way to go... After 27 years of freedom, people of this country are wracked by hunger, rising prices, corruption... oppressed by every kind of injustice... it is a Total Revolution we want, nothing less!" In 1974, he led the students' movement in the state of Bihar which gradually developed into a popular people's movement known as the [[Bihar Movement]]. It was during this movement that JP gave a call for peaceful Total Revolution. Together with [[V. M. Tarkunde]], he founded the Citizens for Democracy in 1974 and the [[People's Union for Civil Liberties]] in 1976, both NGOs, to uphold and defend civil liberties.

==Emergency==
Indira Gandhi was found guilty of violating electoral laws by the [[Allahabad High Court]]. Narayan called for Indira and the CMs to resign and the military and police to disregard unconstitutional and immoral orders. He advocated a program of social transformation which he termed ''Sampoorna kraanti'', "total revolution". Immediately afterwards, Gandhi proclaimed a national [[Indian Emergency|Emergency]] on the midnight of 25 June 1975. Desai, opposition leaders, and dissenting members of her own party were arrested that day.

Jayaprakash Narayan attracted a gathering of 100,000 people at the [[Ramlila grounds]] and thunderously recited ''Rashtrakavi'' [[Ramdhari Singh 'Dinkar']]'s wonderfully evocative poetry: ''Singhasan Khaali Karo Ke Janata Aaati Hai''.<ref>{{cite news
|url = http://www.hinduonnet.com/2001/05/16/stories/05162523.htm
|title = Obligations of a lameduck
|author = Harish Khare
|work = [[The Hindu]]
|date = 16 May 2001
|access-date = 2 January 2009
|url-status = dead
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090720063610/http://www.hinduonnet.com/2001/05/16/stories/05162523.htm
|archive-date = 20 July 2009
|df = dmy-all
|author-link = Harish Khare
}}</ref>

Narayan was kept as ''detenu'' at [[Chandigarh]] even after he asked for one month parole to mobilise relief in flooded parts of Bihar. His health suddenly deteriorated on 24 October, and he was released on 12 November; diagnosis at [[Jaslok Hospital]], Bombay, revealed kidney failure; he would be on dialysis for the rest of his life.

In the UK, [[Surur Hoda]] launched the "Free JP" campaign chaired by Nobel Peace Prize winner [[Philip Noel-Baker, Baron Noel-Baker|Noel-Baker]] for the release of Jayaprakash Narayan.<ref>{{cite news |newspaper=The Guardian |location=London |url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2003/jun/30/guardianobituaries.india |title=Surur Hoda: Trade unionist who spread the message of Mahatma Gandhi |first=George |last=McRobie |date=30 June 2003 |access-date=6 January 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130827035708/http://www.theguardian.com/news/2003/jun/30/guardianobituaries.india |archive-date=27 August 2013 }}</ref>

Indira Gandhi revoked the emergency on 18 January 1977 and announced elections. The [[Janata Party]], a vehicle for the broad spectrum of the opposition to Indira Gandhi, was formed under JP's guidance.{{Citation needed|date=January 2012}} The Janata Party was voted into power and became the first non-Congress party to form a government at the Centre.<ref>{{cite news |title=How non-BJP, non-Congress governments in India have fared in the past |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/how-non-bjp-non-congress-governments-india-have-fared-past-101864 |access-date=26 December 2019 |work=thenewsminute.com |date=16 May 2019}}</ref> On the call of Narayan, many youngsters joined the JP movement.{{Citation needed|date=January 2012}}

==Death==
Narayan died in [[Patna]], Bihar,<ref>{{cite web |publisher=India Today |first=Sunanda K. |last=Datta-Ray |url=http://indiatodaygroup.com/itoday/millennium/100people/narayan.html |title=Inconvenient Prophet |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090131114958/http://indiatodaygroup.com/itoday/millennium/100people/narayan.html |archive-date=31 January 2009 |access-date=6 January 2012}}</ref> on 8 October 1979, three days before his 77th birthday, due to effects of diabetes and heart ailments. In March 1979, while he was in hospital, his death had been [[List of premature obituaries|erroneously announced]] by the Indian prime minister, [[Morarji Desai]], causing a grief wave of national mourning, including the suspension of parliament and regular radio broadcasting, and the closure of schools and shops. When he was told about the gaffe a few weeks later, he smiled.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/editorials/march-23-1979-forty-years-ago-jp-battles|title= Jayaprakash Narayan's death announced mistakenly|website=www.indianexpress.com|access-date=9 December 2019|date= 23 March 2019}}</ref>

==Family==
At the age of 17, Jayaprakash was married to [[Prabhavati Devi]], daughter of lawyer and nationalist Brij Kishore Prasad in October 1919. Prabhavati was very independent and on Gandhi's invitation, went to stay at his ashram while Jayaprakash continued his studies.<ref name="Vaidya">{{cite web |url=http://www.liberalsindia.com/freedomfirst/ff452-01.html |title=Jayaprakash Narayan – Keeper of India's Conscience |first=Prem |last=Vaidya |publisher=LiberalsIndia.com |access-date=16 August 2012 |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120205195932/http://www.liberalsindia.com/freedomfirst/ff452-01.html |archive-date=5 February 2012 }}</ref> Prabhavati Devi died on 15 April 1973 after a long battle with cancer.

==Awards==
[[File:Jayaprakash Narayan 2001 stamp of India.jpg|thumb|Narayan on a 2001 stamp of India]]
*[[Bharat Ratna]], 1999 (Posthumous) for Public Affairs: It is India's highest civilian award.<ref name=nd>{{cite news|last=Correspondent|first=NDTV|title=List of all Bharat Ratna award winners|url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/list-of-all-bharat-ratna-award-winners-81336|access-date=29 November 2012|newspaper=ndtv.com|date=24 January 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6EQat3ntQ?url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/list-of-all-bharat-ratna-award-winners-81336|archive-date=14 February 2013}}</ref>
*Rashtrabhushan Award of [[FIE Foundation]], [[Ichalkaranji]]<ref name="Vaidya"/>
*[[Ramon Magsaysay Award]], 1965 for Public Service.

=== Sites named after Jayaprakash Narayan ===
* The [[Patna airport]]
* On 1 August 2015, the Chhapra-Delhi-Chhapra Weekly Express was renamed as [[Loknayak Express]] in his honour.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indiarailinfo.com/blog/post/1555434|title=Blog Entry# 1555434|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151018175621/http://indiarailinfo.com/blog/post/1555434|archive-date=18 October 2015|date=1 August 2015|url-status=live|access-date=1 August 2015|publisher=India Rail}}</ref>
* [[Digha-Sonpur Bridge]], a rail-road bridge across river [[Ganga]] in [[Bihar]]
*[[Jayaprakash Narayan Nagar]] (JP Nagar) a residential area in [[Bangalore]].
*[[Jayaprakash Nagar, Mysore|Jayaprakash Nagar]] (JP Nagar) a residential area in [[Mysore]].
*[[Lok Nayak Hospital]] (Hospital in [[New Delhi]]

==Artistic depictions of JP==
* [[Prakash Jha]] directed a 112-minute film "[[Loknayak (film)|Loknayak]]", based on the life of Jaya Prakash Narayan (JP).<ref>{{cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2004-10-19/patna/27151362_1_film-prakash-jha-prasar-bharati |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140208185955/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2004-10-19/patna/27151362_1_film-prakash-jha-prasar-bharati |url-status=dead |archive-date=8 February 2014 |title=Uncensored 'Loknayak' to be screened soon |date=19 October 2004 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=20 November 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.prakashjhaproductions.com/loknayak.html |title=Loknayak |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222014728/http://www.prakashjhaproductions.com/loknayak.html |archive-date=22 February 2014 |access-date=25 February 2021}}</ref> [[Chetan Pandit]] played the role of JP in that film.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-newdelhi/i-am-fully-indebted-to-theatre/article776650.ece |title="I am fully indebted to theatre" |work=The Hindu |date=31 May 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222035232/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-newdelhi/i-am-fully-indebted-to-theatre/article776650.ece |archive-date=22 February 2014 |access-date=25 February 2021}}</ref>
* [[Achyut Potdar]] played role of JP in ABP News show [[Pradhanmantri (TV Series)]] and Aaj Tak Aandolan.

==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==Further reading and bibliography==
{{Refbegin|40em}}
*Braja Kishore Prasad: The Hero of Many Battles by Sachidanand Sinha; National Book Trust, India, New Delhi; 2018; {{ISBN|978-81-237-8176-1}}
*Red Fugitive: Jayaprakash Narayan by H L Singh Dewans Publications Lahore 1946
*Life and Time of Jayaprakash Narayan by J S Bright Dewans Publications Lahore 1946
*J.P: His Biography, Allan and Wendy Scarfe, Orient Longmans New Delhi 1975
*Jayaprakash: Rebel Extraordinary, by Lakshmi Narayan Lal, Indian Book Company New Delhi 1975
*Loknayak Jayaprakash Narayan, by Suresh Ram Macmillan Co. Delhi 1974
*Loknayak Jayaprakash Narayan by Farooq Argali Janata Pocket Books Delhi 1977.
* Bimal Prasad (editor). 1980. ''A Revolutionary's Quest: Selected Writings of Jayaprakash Narayan.'' Oxford University Press, [[Delhi]] {{ISBN|0-19-561204-3}}
* Jai Prakash Narain, ''Jayaprakash Narayan, Essential Writings, 1929–1979: A Centenary Volume, 1902–2002,'' Konark Publishers (2002) {{ISBN|81-220-0634-5}}
* Dr. Kawaljeet, ''J.P.'s Total Revolution and Humanism'' (Patna: Buddhiwadi Foundation, 2002). {{ISBN|81-86935-02-9}}
* Dr. Ramendra (editor), ''Jayaprakash Vichar Sankalan'' [Hindi] (Patna: Rajendra Prakashan, 1986).
* Satyabrata Rai Chowdhuri, ''Leftism in India: 1917–1947'' (London and New Delhi: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008).
* Radhakanta Barik, ''Politics of the JP Movement'' (Radiant Publications, Delhi, 1977)
* MG Devashayam, ''JP Movement Emergency and India's Second Freedom'' (Vitasta Publishing Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 2012). {{ISBN|978-93-80828-61-9}}
*Why Socialism, 1936
*War Circulars, 1–4 CSP, Lucknow
*Inside Lahore Fort, Sahityalaya Patna 1947
*Nation Building in India – JP Narayan
*Three Basic Problems of India. From Socialism to Sarvodaya, Sarva Seva Sangh Prakashan, Varansi 1957
*A Plea for Reconstruction of Indian Polity, Sarva Seva Sangh Prakashan, Varansi 1959
*Swaraj for the People, Sarva Seva Sangh Prakashan, Varansi 1961
*Sarvodaya Answer to Chinese Aggression, Sarvodaya Prachuralaya Tanjore 1963
*Face to Face, Navchetna Prakashan, Varansi 1970
*Prison Diary, Samajwadi Yuvjan Sabha Calcutta 1976 and Popular Prakashan, Bombay 1977.
*Towards Struggle, edited by Yusuf Meherally, Padma Publications, Bombay 1946, 47
*Socialism, Sarvodaya and Democracy, edited by Bimal Prasad, Asia Publishing House Bombay 1964
*Communitarian Society and Panchayti Raj, edited by Brahmanand Navchetna Prakashan Varansi 1970
*Nation-Building in India, edited by Brahmanand Navchetna Prakashan Varansi 1974
*Towards Revolution, edited by Bhargava and Phadnis, Arnold-Heinemann New Delhi 1975
*J.P's Jail Life (A Collection of Personal Letters) translated by G S Bhargava, Arnold-Heinemann New Delhi 1977
*Towards Total Revolution, edited by Brahmanand Popular Prakashan Bombay 1978
*J P:Profile of a non-conformist, Interviews by Bhola Chatterji, Minerva Associates, Calcutta, 1979
*To All Fighters of Freedom II, A Revolutionary's Quest-selected writings of Jayprakash Narayan, edited by Bimal Prasad Oxford University Press New Delhi 1980
*Concept of Total Revolution: An Introductory Essay(JP and social change) by Bimal Prasad
{{Refend}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Jayaprakash Narayan}}
{{Wikiquote}}
* [http://www.india-seminar.com/2001/506/506%20extract.htm A plea for the reconstruction of Indian polity]
* [http://www.mkgandhi.org/jpnarayan/total_revolution.htm Total revolution]
* [http://www.mkgandhi.org/jpnarayan/hindu_revival.htm On Hindu revivalism]

{{Bharat Ratna}}
{{RMA winners of India}}
{{Ramon Magsaysay Award Winners}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Narayan, Jayaprakash}}
[[Category:1902 births]]
[[Category:1979 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Ballia district]]
[[Category:Janata Party politicians]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Bihar]]
[[Category:Bihari politicians]]
[[Category:Indian independence activists from Bihar]]
[[Category:Indian pacifists]]
[[Category:Indian socialists]]
[[Category:Politicians from Patna]]
[[Category:The Emergency (India)]]
[[Category:Indian male social workers]]
[[Category:Prisoners and detainees of British India]]
[[Category:English-language writers from India]]
[[Category:Indians imprisoned during the Emergency (India)]]
[[Category:Indian social reformers]]
[[Category:University of Iowa alumni]]
[[Category:Ohio State University alumni]]
[[Category:University of Wisconsin–Madison College of Letters and Science alumni]]
[[Category:University of California, Berkeley alumni]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Bharat Ratna]]
[[Category:Ramon Magsaysay Award winners]]
[[Category:Social workers from Bihar]]
[[Category:State funerals in India]]

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	~~{{about\|the Indian independence activist and politician\|the currect Indian politician and activist\|Jaya Prakash Narayana}}~~
	{{EngvarB\|date=August 2014}}		{{EngvarB\|date=August 2014}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=February 2021}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=February 2021}}

			{{Redirect\|Loknayak\|the 2004 Indian film about him\|Loknayak (film)}}{{about\|the Indian independence activist and politician\|the currect Indian politician and activist\|Jaya Prakash Narayana}}
	{{Infobox person		{{Infobox person
	\|name = Jayaprakash Narayan		\| name = Jayaprakash Narayan
	\|birth_name = Jayaprakash Narayan		\| birth_name = Jayaprakash Narayan
	\|image = Jawaharlal Nehru with Jayaprakash Narayan (cropped).jpg		\| image = Jawaharlal Nehru with Jayaprakash Narayan (cropped).jpg
	\|caption =		\| caption =
	\|birth_date = {{Birth date\|df=yes\|1902\|10\|11}}		\| birth_date = {{Birth date\|df=yes\|1902\|10\|11}}
	\|death_date = {{Death date and age\|df=yes\|1979\|10\|08\|1902\|10\|11}}		\| death_date = {{Death date and age\|df=yes\|1979\|10\|08\|1902\|10\|11}}
	\|birth_place = [[Sitab Diara]], [[Saran district]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British Raj\|British India]]<br/>(present day [[Bihar]], India)		\| birth_place = [[Sitab Diara]], [[Saran district]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British Raj\|British India]]<br/>(present day [[Bihar]], India)
	\|death_place = [[Patna]], [[Bihar]], India		\| death_place = [[Patna]], [[Bihar]], India
	\|nationality = [[Indian people\|Indian]]		\| nationality = [[Indian people\|Indian]]
	\|occupation = {{hlist\|Activist\|theorist\|politician}}		\| occupation = {{hlist\|Activist\|theorist\|politician}}
	\|alma_mater =[[University of Wisconsin]] (M.A., Sociology)<br>[[Ohio State University]] (B. A., Behavioral Science)<br>[[University of Iowa]] (CHE, discontinued)<br>[[University of California, Berkeley\|U.C. ~~Berkley~~]] (Chemistry, discontinued)<ref name="indiatimes1"/><ref name="nytimes1975"/>		\| alma_mater = [[University of Wisconsin]] (M.A., Sociology)<br>[[Ohio State University]] (B. A., Behavioral Science)<br>[[University of Iowa]] (CHE, discontinued)<br>[[University of California, Berkeley\|U.C. Berkeley]] (Chemistry, discontinued)<ref name="indiatimes1"/><ref name="nytimes1975"/>
	\|spouse = [[Prabhavati Devi]]		\| spouse = [[Prabhavati Devi]]
	\|relatives = [[Brajkishore Prasad]] (father-in-law)		\| relatives = [[Brajkishore Prasad]] (father-in-law)
	\|other_names = JP, Jay Prakash Narayan, ''Lok Nayak''		\| other_names = JP, Jay Prakash Narayan, ''Lok Nayak''
	\|movement = [[Quit India]], [[Sarvodaya]], [[JP Movement]]		\| movement = [[Quit India]], [[Sarvodaya]], [[JP Movement]]
	\|party = [[Indian National Congress]]<br/>[[Janata Party]]		\| party = [[Indian National Congress]]<br/>[[Janata Party]]
	\|awards = {{Unbulleted_list\|[[Ramon Magsaysay Award]] (1965)\|[[Bharat Ratna]] (1999) (posthumously)}}		\| awards = {{Unbulleted_list\|[[Ramon Magsaysay Award]] (1965)\|[[Bharat Ratna]] (1999) (posthumously)}}
	}}		}}

	'''Jayaprakash Narayan''' ({{Audio\|Jayaprakash Narayan.ogg\|listen}}; 11 October 1902 – 8 October 1979), popularly referred to as '''JP''' or '''''Lok Nayak''''' ([[Hindi]] for "People's leader"), was an [[Indian independence activist]], theorist, socialist and political leader. He is also known as the "Hero of Quit India Movement" and he is remembered for leading the mid-1970s opposition against Prime Minister [[Indira Gandhi]], for whose overthrow he had called for a "[[Bihar Movement\|total revolution]]". His biography, ''Jayaprakash,'' was written by his nationalist friend and the writer of [[Hindi literature]], [[Rambriksh Benipuri]]. In 1999, he was posthumously awarded the [[Bharat Ratna]], India's highest civilian award, in recognition of his social ~~work~~. Other awards include the [[Magsaysay award]] for Public Service in 1965.		'''Jayaprakash Narayan''' ({{Audio\|Jayaprakash Narayan.ogg\|listen}}; 11 October 1902 – 8 October 1979), popularly referred to as '''JP''' or '''''Lok Nayak''''' ([[Hindi]] for "People's leader"), was an [[Indian independence activist]], theorist, socialist and political leader. He is also known as the "Hero of Quit India Movement" and he is remembered for leading the mid-1970s opposition against Prime Minister [[Indira Gandhi]], for whose overthrow he had called for a "[[Bihar Movement\|total revolution]]". His biography, ''Jayaprakash,'' was written by his nationalist friend and the writer of [[Hindi literature]], [[Rambriksh Benipuri]]. In 1999, he was posthumously awarded the [[Bharat Ratna]], India's highest civilian award, in recognition of his social service. Other awards include the [[Magsaysay award]] for Public Service in 1965.

	==Early life==		==Early life==
	Jayprakash Narayan was born on 11 October 1902<ref>{{cite book \|title=Jayaprakash Narayan: His Life and Mission \|first=Das \|last=Ratan \|publisher=Sarup & Sons \|year=2007 \|isbn=978-81-7625-734-3 \|page=7 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rdekxv8HsvMC&q=JayaPrakash%20Narayan%20children&pg=PA7}}</ref> in the village of Sitabdiara, [[Saran district]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British India]] (present-day [[~~Chhapra~~]] district, [[Bihar]], [[India]]).<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Prasad \|first1=Bimal \|title=A Revolutionary's Quest: Selected Writings of Jayaprakash Narayan \|year=1980 \|publisher=Oxford University Press \|isbn=978-0-19-561204-2 \|page=IX \|url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/A_Revolutionary_s_Quest/mfIdAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=A+Revolutionary%27s+Quest&dq=A+Revolutionary%27s+Quest&printsec=frontcover \|language=en}}</ref> Sitabdiara is a large village, straddling two states and three districts — [[Saran district\|Saran]] and [[Bhojpur district, India\|Bhojpur]] in [[Bihar]] and [[Ballia district\|Ballia]] in [[Uttar Pradesh]].<ref>{{cite news \|url=http://www.livemint.com/Politics/7Cd1F6SGSytnijazy8dUiL/A-forgotten-heros-forgotten-legacy.html \|title=A forgotten hero's forgotten legacy \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170816152410/http://www.livemint.com/Politics/7Cd1F6SGSytnijazy8dUiL/A-forgotten-heros-forgotten-legacy.html \|archive-date=16 August 2017 }}</ref> His house was near the banks of the flood-prone [[Ghaghara]] river. Every time the river swelled, the house would get a little bit damaged, eventually forcing the family to move a few kilometres away to a settlement which is now known as Jay Prakash Nagar and falls in Uttar Pradesh.		Jayprakash Narayan was born on 11 October 1902<ref>{{cite book \|title=Jayaprakash Narayan: His Life and Mission \|first=Das \|last=Ratan \|publisher=Sarup & Sons \|year=2007 \|isbn=978-81-7625-734-3 \|page=7 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rdekxv8HsvMC&q=JayaPrakash%20Narayan%20children&pg=PA7}}</ref> in the village of Sitabdiara, [[Saran district]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British India]] (present-day [[Saran district\|Saran]] district, [[Bihar]], [[India]]).<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Prasad \|first1=Bimal \|title=A Revolutionary's Quest: Selected Writings of Jayaprakash Narayan \|year=1980 \|publisher=Oxford University Press \|isbn=978-0-19-561204-2 \|page=IX \|url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/A_Revolutionary_s_Quest/mfIdAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=A+Revolutionary%27s+Quest&dq=A+Revolutionary%27s+Quest&printsec=frontcover \|language=en}}</ref> Sitabdiara is a large village, straddling two states and three districts — [[Saran district\|Saran]] and [[Bhojpur district, India\|Bhojpur]] in [[Bihar]] and [[Ballia district\|Ballia]] in [[Uttar Pradesh]].<ref>{{cite news \|url=http://www.livemint.com/Politics/7Cd1F6SGSytnijazy8dUiL/A-forgotten-heros-forgotten-legacy.html \|title=A forgotten hero's forgotten legacy \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170816152410/http://www.livemint.com/Politics/7Cd1F6SGSytnijazy8dUiL/A-forgotten-heros-forgotten-legacy.html \|archive-date=16 August 2017 }}</ref> His house was near the banks of the flood-prone [[Ghaghara]] river. Every time the river swelled, the house would get a little bit damaged, eventually forcing the family to move a few kilometres away to a settlement which is now known as Jay Prakash Nagar and falls in Uttar Pradesh.

	He came from a [[Kayastha]] family.<ref>{{cite book \|title=Jayaprakash Narayan: A Centenary Volume \|first=Sandip \|last=Das \|publisher=Mittal Publications \|year=2005 \|isbn=978-81-8324-001-7 \|page=109 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U9U0LiT3dtMC&pg=PA239 }}</ref> He was the fourth child of Harsu Dayal and Phul Rani Devi. His father Harsu Dayal was a junior official in the Canal Department of the State government and was often touring the region. When Narayan was 9 years old, he left his village to enroll in the 7th class of the collegiate school at Patna.<ref>{{cite book\|author1=Scarfe, Allan \|author2=Scarfe, Wendy \|title=J. P., His Biography\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v5IiKlr-AnUC&pg=PR9\|year=1998\|publisher=Orient Blackswan\|isbn=978-81-250-1021-0\|page=30}}</ref> This was his first break from village life. JP stayed at a student hostel—Saraswati Bhawan—in which most of the boys were a bit older. Among them were some of Bihar's future leaders including its first chief minister, [[Krishna Singh (politician)\|Krishna Singh]], his deputy [[Anugrah Narayan Sinha]] and several others who were to widely become known in politics and academic world.<ref>{{cite book\|author=Bhattacharjea, Ajit \|title=Jayaprakash Narayan: A Political Biography\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hMcJAQAAIAAJ\|year=1978\|publisher=Vikas Publishing House\|page=33\|isbn=9780836401158}}</ref>		He came from a [[Kayastha]] family.<ref>{{cite book \|title=Jayaprakash Narayan: A Centenary Volume \|first=Sandip \|last=Das \|publisher=Mittal Publications \|year=2005 \|isbn=978-81-8324-001-7 \|page=109 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U9U0LiT3dtMC&pg=PA239 }}</ref> He was the fourth child of Harsu Dayal and Phul Rani Devi. His father Harsu Dayal was a junior official in the Canal Department of the State government and was often touring the region. When Narayan was 9 years old, he left his village to enroll in the 7th class of the collegiate school at Patna.<ref>{{cite book\|author1=Scarfe, Allan \|author2=Scarfe, Wendy \|title=J. P., His Biography\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v5IiKlr-AnUC&pg=PR9\|year=1998\|publisher=Orient Blackswan\|isbn=978-81-250-1021-0\|page=30}}</ref> This was his first break from village life. JP stayed at a student hostel—Saraswati Bhawan—in which most of the boys were a bit older. Among them were some of Bihar's future leaders including its first chief minister, [[Krishna Singh (politician)\|Krishna Singh]], his deputy [[Anugrah Narayan Sinha]] and several others who were to widely become known in politics and academic world.<ref>{{cite book\|author=Bhattacharjea, Ajit \|title=Jayaprakash Narayan: A Political Biography\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hMcJAQAAIAAJ\|year=1978\|publisher=Vikas Publishing House\|page=33\|isbn=9780836401158}}</ref>
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	}}</ref> Many young socialist leaders like [[Ram Manohar Lohia]], Chhotubhai Puranik, [[Aruna Asaf Ali]], etc. took part in underground movement. As Jayaprakash Narayan was ill, [[Yogendra Shukla]] walked to [[Gaya, India\|Gaya]] with Jayaprakash Narayan on his shoulders,<ref name="Srivastava 1988"/> a distance of about 124 kilometres.<ref>[https://maps.google.co.in/maps?saddr=Hazaribagh+Central+Jail,+Hazaribagh,+Jharkhand&daddr=Gaya,+Bihar&hl=en&sll=24.400154,85.161956&sspn=1.358153,2.705383&geocode=FbyIbgEdiIAWBSE11t7IkSieBylpMaxAKZz0OTE11t7IkSieBw%3BFescegEdP7gQBSkfPBsKRCrzOTGmNL-9I7L2zg&oq=gaya&t=h&dirflg=w&mra=ltm&z=9 Distance between Hazaribagh Central Jail and Gaya]. Maps.google.co.in. Retrieved on 20 November 2018.</ref> He also served as the<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.patnadaily.com/index.php/opinions/readers-write/6819-bihar-vibhutis-legacy-drifting-into-oblivion.html \|title=Bihar Vibhuti's Legacy Drifting into Oblivion?\|work=Patna Daily\|date=6 January 2012 \|access-date=6 January 2012 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120125205713/http://www.patnadaily.com/index.php/opinions/readers-write/6819-bihar-vibhutis-legacy-drifting-into-oblivion.html \|archive-date=25 January 2012 }}</ref> Chairman of ''Anugrah Smarak Nidhi'' (Anugrah Narayan Memorial Fund).		}}</ref> Many young socialist leaders like [[Ram Manohar Lohia]], Chhotubhai Puranik, [[Aruna Asaf Ali]], etc. took part in underground movement. As Jayaprakash Narayan was ill, [[Yogendra Shukla]] walked to [[Gaya, India\|Gaya]] with Jayaprakash Narayan on his shoulders,<ref name="Srivastava 1988"/> a distance of about 124 kilometres.<ref>[https://maps.google.co.in/maps?saddr=Hazaribagh+Central+Jail,+Hazaribagh,+Jharkhand&daddr=Gaya,+Bihar&hl=en&sll=24.400154,85.161956&sspn=1.358153,2.705383&geocode=FbyIbgEdiIAWBSE11t7IkSieBylpMaxAKZz0OTE11t7IkSieBw%3BFescegEdP7gQBSkfPBsKRCrzOTGmNL-9I7L2zg&oq=gaya&t=h&dirflg=w&mra=ltm&z=9 Distance between Hazaribagh Central Jail and Gaya]. Maps.google.co.in. Retrieved on 20 November 2018.</ref> He also served as the<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.patnadaily.com/index.php/opinions/readers-write/6819-bihar-vibhutis-legacy-drifting-into-oblivion.html \|title=Bihar Vibhuti's Legacy Drifting into Oblivion?\|work=Patna Daily\|date=6 January 2012 \|access-date=6 January 2012 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120125205713/http://www.patnadaily.com/index.php/opinions/readers-write/6819-bihar-vibhutis-legacy-drifting-into-oblivion.html \|archive-date=25 January 2012 }}</ref> Chairman of ''Anugrah Smarak Nidhi'' (Anugrah Narayan Memorial Fund).

	Between 1947 and 1953, Jayaprakash Narayan was President of [[All India Railwaymen's Federation]], the largest labour union in the Indian Railways.<ref name="Bear">{{cite book\|title= Lines of the Nation: Indian Railway Workers, Bureaucracy, and the Intimate Historical Self \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ChDDThfsVFcC&pg=PA231\|publisher = Columbia University Press\|page =231\|year=2007\|last=Bear\|first=Laura\|isbn = 9780231140027}}</ref>		Between 1947 and 1953, Jayaprakash Narayan was President of [[All India Railwaymen's Federation]], the largest labour union in the Indian Railways.<ref name="Bear">{{cite book\|title= Lines of the Nation: Indian Railway Workers, Bureaucracy, and the Intimate Historical Self \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ChDDThfsVFcC&pg=PA231\|publisher = Columbia University Press\|page =231\|year=2007\|last=Bear\|first=Laura\|author-link=Laura Bear\|isbn = 9780231140027}}</ref>

	==Bihar Movement and Total Revolution==		==Bihar Movement and Total Revolution==
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	[[Category:Politicians from Patna]]		[[Category:Politicians from Patna]]
	[[Category:The Emergency (India)]]		[[Category:The Emergency (India)]]
	[[Category:~~Indian male social~~ workers]]		[[Category:Social workers]]
	[[Category:Prisoners and detainees of British India]]		[[Category:Prisoners and detainees of British India]]
	[[Category:English-language writers from India]]		[[Category:English-language writers from India]]
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	[[Category:Social workers from Bihar]]		[[Category:Social workers from Bihar]]
	[[Category:State funerals in India]]		[[Category:State funerals in India]]
			[[Category:Praja Socialist Party politicians]]