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{{short description|Maharaja of Bharatpur State}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2020}}

{{Infobox royalty
| title = [[Maharaja]]
| image =
| succession = [[Maharaja]] of [[Bharatpur State]]
| reign =1763–68
| predecessor =[[Maharaja Suraj Mal]]
| successor =[[Maharaja Ratan Singh]]
| royal house = Sinsiniwar Jat Dynasty
| father = [[Maharaja Suraj Mal]]
| mother = Rani Gauri of the Gori clan<ref name="DwivediPrasad1989">{{cite book |last1=Dwivedi |first1=Girish Chandra |last2=Prasad |first2=Ishwari |title=The Jats, their role in the Mughal Empire |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AR5uAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Rani+Gauri,+she+originated+from+Gori+Rajput+clan+of+Amahand+and+was+the+mother+of+Jawahar+and+Ratan+Singh%22&dq=%22Rani+Gauri,+she+originated+from+Gori+Rajput+clan+of+Amahand+and+was+the+mother+of+Jawahar+and+Ratan+Singh%22 |year=1989 |publisher=Arnold Publishers |isbn=978-81-7031-150-8 |page=238}}</ref>(Rajput Mother)<ref>{{cite web|title=The Tribune...Saturday Plus Head|url=https://m.tribuneindia.com/1999/99feb20/saturday/head3.htm|website=The Tribune|access-date = 24 June 2021|date=20 February 1999|last=Dalal|first=Ajit}}</ref>
}}

'''Maharaja Jawahar Singh''' ({{reign|1763|1768}}) ({{lang-hi|महाराजा जवाहर सिंह}}) was a ruling Maharaja of the [[Bharatpur State]]. He succeeded to the throne when his father [[Maharaja Suraj Mal]] died in 1763. At the time of Maharaja Suraj Mal's death in 1763, Jawahar Singh was in [[Farrukhnagar]].<ref name="DwivediPrasad1989"/>

==Early life ==
{{Main|Battle of Bharatpur (1757)}}
During [[Ahmad Shah Durrani|Abdali's]] invasion of India in 1757, he attacked Ballabhgarh. The fort was put under siege, Jawahar Singh who was besieged in the fort had to escape from the fort in the night as defence of the fort was not possible in the face of heavy bombardments of Abdali's guns.Mahant Ram Krishan Bairagi was the Guru of Maharaja Jawahar Singh<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Jats - Their Role in the Mughal Empire/Appendix E - Jatland Wiki|url=https://www.jatland.com/home/The_Jats_-_Their_Role_in_the_Mughal_Empire/Appendix_E|access-date=2021-07-06|website=www.jatland.com}}</ref>. After taking the city Abdali sent his generals Jahan Khan and Najib Khan with 20,000 men to attack Jat territory and holy city of [[Mathura]]. According to [[Jadunath Sarkar]] [[Maratha (caste)|Marathas]] fled from the north and not a single maratha soldier fought for holy city of Mathura which had many holiest of Vaishnav shrines, their "Hindupat-Padshahi" didn't involve duty to protect. But the Jats were determined to defend this sacred city. Jawahar Singh with 10,000 men blocked the path of Afghans. In the fight that followed almost ten to twelve thousand men died on both sides and remnants of Jat army had to retreat. Afghans subsequently carried out a general massacre in unfortified city of Mathura. The people were looted, their property plundered and act of iconoclasm followed.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Sarkar |first=Jadunath |title=The Fall of the Mughal Empire, Vol II |publisher=Orient Black Swan |isbn=9788125032458 |location=Delhi |pages=272–286}}</ref>

==Military achievements==
{{Main|Battle of Delhi (1764)}}
In 1764 Jawahar Singh attacked [[Najib ad-Dawlah|Najib Khan]] and later bombarded [[Old Delhi|Delhi]]. He enlisted help of Sikh chiefs for the campaign. He also asked help of [[Malhar Rao Holkar]]. The Rohillas were besieged in the fort and peace negotiations were carried out. Jawahar Singh was also desperate for peace because he realized that Holkar was double dealing with him and was in secret negotiation with Najib Khan. The campaign wasn't much of a success as Jawahar Singh had spent more money then he received.<ref name=":0" />

Jawahar Singh also defeated Marathas under Holkar near [[Dholpur]] in 1766, when Holkar tried to help his brother Nahar Singh to gain the throne. Jawahar Singh had to retreat after some time when Raghunath Rao came to north Malwa. In 1767 after his recent success against Marathas, he surprised the maratha garrisons in [[Kalpi]] and attacked Maratha territory, maratha local agent fled and whole area came under the rule of Jawahar Singh.<ref name=":0" />

==Battle of Maonda and Mandholi==
{{Main|Battle of Maonda and Mandholi|Battle of Kama}}
The battle of [[Battle of Maonda and Mandholi|Mandoli]] followed the growing enmity between [[Jat]] Rajah of [[Bharatpur State|Bharatpur]] and Madho Singh of [[Jaipur state]]. Jawahar Singh the ruler of Bharatpur state had defeated his step brother Nahar Singh earlier thus making him escape to the nearby Jaipur state in refuge. The insult meted out at himself made Nahar Singh desperate. Hence he succumbed to death by poisoning himself leaving his widow behind in the Jaipur state. Jawahar now demanded his widow, who is described by Jadunath Sarkar as one of the most beautiful women on the earth. Further Jawahar was also keeping his eyes upon the Narnol district, which was a territory of [[Jaipur state]]. The Jats along with their [[Sikh]] allies had made several incursion into the Jaipur state and their unchecked aggression made Madho Singh intrigue against Jawahar and the Bharatpur state.<ref name="sarkar">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O0oPIo9TXKcC&printsec=frontcover&dq=History+of+Jaipur+by+Jadunath+Sarkar |title=A History of Jaipur: C. 1503–1938 |first=Jadunath |last=Sarkar |year=1994 |pages=254–256|isbn=9788125003335 }}</ref>

In 1767, Jawahar Singh allied with the ruler of Vijay Singh of Marwar state; and marched through Jaipur territory with his whole army along with artillery to meet Vijay Singh at Pushkar. An agreement was signed between Vijay Singh and Jawahar Singh to oust the Marathas from the north. The meeting between the two was not liked by the Madho Singh. According to [[Jadunath Sarkar]] Madho Singh in his letter to Vijay Singh reprimanded him for sitting equally with a "peasant's son" and a mere servant of Jaipur.<ref name="sarkar"/>

Jawahar when returning from Pushkar thus attacked the villages of Jaipur in revenge and looted them besides molesting the villagers. The Kachwaha army followed them and at Mandoli, near border of Bharatpur state, Kachwahas delivered their attack and battle broke out. The Rajput artillery had lagged behind giving the Jats initial success. But, later they had to escape into their territory after fierce battle which resulted in heavy casualties from both sides. Baggage and Guns of Bharatpur state had to be abandoned in the battlefield while retreating.<ref name="sarkar"/>

The [[Rajput]]s under [[Madho Singh I|Madho Singh]] then decided to invade the Bharatpur state to follow-up their victory. Another battle was fought at Kama resulting in Jawahar's defeat and retreat of Bharatpur army along with [[Sikh]] mercenary. The Rajputs later departed due to arrival of fresh contingent of 20,000 Sikhs, who were employed by Jawahar Singh.<ref name="sarkar"/>

==Death==

He was assassinated by one of his favourite soldiers in August 1768.<ref name=":0" />

==References==
{{Reflist}}
*Dr Natthan Singh: Jat – Itihas (Hindi), Jat Samaj Kalyan Parishad Gwalior, 2004

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Jawahar}}
[[Category:Rulers of Bharatpur state]]
[[Category:1768 deaths]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:Jat rulers]]

Jawahar Singh - Revision history

UpdateBot: robot: Update article (please report if you notice any mistake or error in this edit)

>Gupta Ynr at 12:11, 6 July 2021