Jassa Singh Ramgarhia - Revision history

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	[[File:Ram Rauni.jpg\|thumb\|One of the very rare photographs taken of Qila Ram Rauni of Ramgarh.]]		[[File:Ram Rauni.jpg\|thumb\|One of the very rare photographs taken of Qila Ram Rauni of Ramgarh.]]

	'''Jassa Singh Ramgarhia''' (1723–1803) was a prominent [[Sikh]] leader during the period of the [[Sikh Confederacy]]. He was the Commander of the [[Ramgarhia~~]] [[~~Misl]] (or Confederacy). Detailed accounts of his life vary.		'''Jassa Singh Ramgarhia''' (1723–1803) was a prominent [[Sikh]] leader during the period of the [[Sikh Confederacy]]. He was the Commander of the [[Ramgarhia Misl]] (or Confederacy). Detailed accounts of his life vary.

	==Early life==		==Early life==
	Jassa Singh Ramgarhia was born into a Sikh family<ref>History of the Sikhs Vol. 4: The Sikh Commonwealth or Rise and Fall of the Misis		Jassa Singh Ramgarhia was born into a Sikh family<ref>History of the Sikhs Vol. 4: The Sikh Commonwealth or Rise and Fall of the Misis
	Pg 276 hari ram gupta {{ISBN\|978-8121501651}}</ref> with surname [[Bhamra\|Bhambra]] in 1723. According to [[W. H. McLeod]],<ref name="mcleod">{{cite book \|title=Historical Dictionary of Sikhism \|url=https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio00mcle \|url-access=limited \|first=W. H. \|last=McLeod \|edition=2nd \|publisher=Scarecrow Press \|year=2005 \|orig-year=1995 \|isbn=0-8108-5088-5 \|page=[https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio00mcle/page/n132 102]}}</ref> his birthplace was the village of Ichogil, near [[Lahore]], whilst H. S. Singha<ref name="singha">{{cite book \|title=The Encyclopaedia of Sikhism \|first=H. S. \|last=Singha \|edition=2nd \|publisher=Hemkunt \|year=2005 \|orig-year=2000 \|isbn=81-7010-301-0 \|page=111}}</ref> refers only to Lahore and [[Purnima Dhavan]]<ref name="dhavan60">{{cite book \|title=When Sparrows Became Hawks: The Making of the Sikh Warrior Tradition, 1699-1799 \|publisher=OUP USA \|first=Purnima \|last=Dhavan \|year=2011 \|location=USA \|page=60 \|isbn=978-0199756551 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aFvyzStjpf8C&pg=PA81}}</ref> mentions origins in either [[Guga (Punjab)\|Guga]] or [[Sur Singh]], both near [[Amritsar]]. There is agreement among the sources that he was of [[Tarkhan (tribe)\|Tarkhan]]<ref>Sikhs and Sikhism, WH Mcleod, pg102</ref> origin and was originally named Jassa Singh Thokar. (Jassa Singh the Carpenter).<ref name="mcleod" /><ref name="singha"/><ref name="dhavan60" /> He had four brothers - Jai Singh, [[Khushal Singh Ramgarhia\|Khushal Singh]], Mali Singh Ramgarhia and [[Tara Singh Ramgarhia\|Tara Singh]] - and became head of the family when his father, Giani Bhagwan Singh, died.<ref name="diplomat">Warrior-diplomat: Jassa Singh Ramgarhia - Harbans Singh Virdi</ref>{{Page needed\|date=January 2014}}		Pg 276 hari ram gupta {{ISBN\|978-8121501651}}</ref> with surname [[Bhamra\|Bhambra]] in 1723. According to [[W. H. McLeod]],<ref name="mcleod">{{cite book \|title=Historical Dictionary of Sikhism \|url=https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio00mcle \|url-access=limited \|first=W. H. \|last=McLeod \|edition=2nd \|publisher=Scarecrow Press \|year=2005 \|orig-year=1995 \|isbn=0-8108-5088-5 \|page=[https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio00mcle/page/n132 102]}}</ref> his birthplace was the village of Ichogil, near [[Lahore]], whilst H. S. Singha<ref name="singha">{{cite book \|title=The Encyclopaedia of Sikhism \|first=H. S. \|last=Singha \|edition=2nd \|publisher=Hemkunt \|year=2005 \|orig-year=2000 \|isbn=81-7010-301-0 \|page=111}}</ref> refers only to Lahore and [[Purnima Dhavan]]<ref name="dhavan60">{{cite book \|title=When Sparrows Became Hawks: The Making of the Sikh Warrior Tradition, 1699-1799 \|publisher=OUP USA \|first=Purnima \|last=Dhavan \|year=2011 \|location=USA \|page=60 \|isbn=978-0199756551 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aFvyzStjpf8C&pg=PA81}}</ref> mentions origins in either [[Guga (Punjab)\|Guga]] or [[Sur Singh]], both near [[Amritsar]]. There is agreement among the sources that he was of [[Tarkhan (tribe)\|Tarkhan]]<ref>Sikhs and Sikhism, WH Mcleod, pg102{{full citation needed\|date=August 2021}}</ref> origin and was originally named Jassa Singh Thokar (Jassa Singh the Carpenter).<ref name="mcleod" /><ref name="singha"/><ref name="dhavan60" /> He had four brothers - Jai Singh, [[Khushal Singh Ramgarhia\|Khushal Singh]], Mali Singh Ramgarhia and [[Tara Singh Ramgarhia\|Tara Singh]] - and became head of the family when his father, Giani Bhagwan Singh, died.<ref name="diplomat">Warrior-diplomat: Jassa Singh Ramgarhia - Harbans Singh Virdi</ref>{{Page needed\|date=January 2014}}

	==Career==		==Career==

>SdkbBot: /* Early life */General fixes, removed erroneous space

2021-06-27T13:35:50Z

Early life: General fixes, removed erroneous space

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{{short description|Sikh warrior}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2020}}
{{Infobox person
| image = Sardar Jassa Singh Ramgharia.jpg
| caption = Jassa Singh Ramgharia seated upon his throne.
| birth_date = 1723
| death_date = {{death year and age|1803|1723}}
| known_for = [[Sardar]] of the [[Ramgarhia | Ramgarhia Misl]]
| successor = [[Jodh Singh Ramgarhia]] who ceded his territories to [[Ranjit Singh|Maharaja Ranjit Singh]]
}}
[[File:Ram Rauni.jpg|thumb|One of the very rare photographs taken of Qila Ram Rauni of Ramgarh.]]

'''Jassa Singh Ramgarhia''' (1723–1803) was a prominent [[Sikh]] leader during the period of the [[Sikh Confederacy]]. He was the Commander of the [[Ramgarhia]] [[Misl]] (or Confederacy). Detailed accounts of his life vary.

==Early life==
Jassa Singh Ramgarhia was born into a Sikh family<ref>History of the Sikhs Vol. 4: The Sikh Commonwealth or Rise and Fall of the Misis
Pg 276 hari ram gupta {{ISBN|978-8121501651}}</ref> with surname [[Bhamra|Bhambra]] in 1723. According to [[W. H. McLeod]],<ref name="mcleod">{{cite book |title=Historical Dictionary of Sikhism |url=https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio00mcle |url-access=limited |first=W. H. |last=McLeod |edition=2nd |publisher=Scarecrow Press |year=2005 |orig-year=1995 |isbn=0-8108-5088-5 |page=[https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio00mcle/page/n132 102]}}</ref> his birthplace was the village of Ichogil, near [[Lahore]], whilst H. S. Singha<ref name="singha">{{cite book |title=The Encyclopaedia of Sikhism |first=H. S. |last=Singha |edition=2nd |publisher=Hemkunt |year=2005 |orig-year=2000 |isbn=81-7010-301-0 |page=111}}</ref> refers only to Lahore and [[Purnima Dhavan]]<ref name="dhavan60">{{cite book |title=When Sparrows Became Hawks: The Making of the Sikh Warrior Tradition, 1699-1799 |publisher=OUP USA |first=Purnima |last=Dhavan |year=2011 |location=USA |page=60 |isbn=978-0199756551 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aFvyzStjpf8C&pg=PA81}}</ref> mentions origins in either [[Guga (Punjab)|Guga]] or [[Sur Singh]], both near [[Amritsar]]. There is agreement among the sources that he was of [[Tarkhan (tribe)|Tarkhan]]<ref>Sikhs and Sikhism, WH Mcleod, pg102</ref> origin and was originally named Jassa Singh Thokar. (Jassa Singh the Carpenter).<ref name="mcleod" /><ref name="singha"/><ref name="dhavan60" /> He had four brothers - Jai Singh, [[Khushal Singh Ramgarhia|Khushal Singh]], Mali Singh Ramgarhia and [[Tara Singh Ramgarhia|Tara Singh]] - and became head of the family when his father, Giani Bhagwan Singh, died.<ref name="diplomat">Warrior-diplomat: Jassa Singh Ramgarhia - Harbans Singh Virdi</ref>{{Page needed|date=January 2014}}

==Career==
Jassa Singh rose to command the Sikh misl that became later known as Ramgarhia and built a fort called [[Ram Rauni]] and [[Ramgarhia Bunga]] (watchtower) at Amritsar. He joined forces with [[Adina Beg]], who appointed him a [[risaldar]] (commander), but switched sides when asked by him to attack the fort during the Siege of Ram Rauni. He defended it against Adina Beg's siege and, in 1752, rebuilt the damaged fort. The edifice was renamed Ramgarh, from which he took his new name.<ref name="mcleod" /><ref name="Hawks" />{{efn|The suffix ''-garh'' is translated as ''fort''.}}

Jassa Singh's policies were in contrast to those of other misl leaders. The large size of Jassa Singh’s territory aroused the jealousy of the other Sikh Misls. They did not want him to become too powerful and the ruler of a big region. At the height of his power, Jassd Singh's territory in the Bari Doab included Batala, Kaldnaur, Dinanagar, Sri Hargobindpur, Shahpur Kandi, Gurdaspur, Qadian, Ghuman, Matteval, and in the Jalandhar Doab, Urmur Tanda, Sarih, Miani, Garhdivala and Zahura. In the hills Kangra, Nurpur, Mandi and Chamba paid him a tribute of two lakh of rupees. In 1776, the Bhangis betrayed Ramgarhia and joined the Khaniyas to defeat Jassa Singh. Thereafter, he turned his attention to the area around the [[Jamna river]] and [[Delhi]], briefly holding control of the latter.<ref name="mcleod" />

Purnima Dhavan says that "Jassa Singh Ramgarhia appeared to have a shrewd grasp of realpolitik, relying equally on diplomatic persuasion and martial prowess to accomplish his goals.  ... [His] supporters appear to have valued his political acumen, plain-spoken behaviour, and simple if rough ways".<ref name="Hawks">{{cite book |title=When Sparrows Became Hawks: The Making of the Sikh Warrior Tradition, 1699-1799 |publisher=OUP USA |first=Purnima |last=Dhavan |year=2011 |location=USA |page=81 |isbn=978-0199756551 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aFvyzStjpf8C&pg=PA81}}</ref>

He died in 1803 and was succeeded by his son, [[Jodh Singh Ramgarhia]], who ceded his territories to [[Ranjit Singh]].

The critical decision of Jassa Singh to join the Khalsa and save the Ram Rauni fort changed the course of not only his own life but that of Sikh history as well. He was honoured as Ramgarhia. His name will always remain alive as the founder of the Great Ramgarhia Misl, who played a major role in the battles of the Khalsa Panth.<ref name="mcleod" />

==Delhi Fateh==
[[File:Statue of Jassa Singh Ramgharia.jpg|thumb|300px|left|An [[equestrian statue]] of Sardar Jassa Singh Ramgarhia.]]
Sardar Jassa Singh Ramgarhia captured the [[Red Fort]] after defeating Mughals in the [[Battle of Delhi (1783)]] in conjunction with Sardar [[Baghel Singh]]. He detached the throne of Mughal emperor [[Aurangzeb]] (on which he ordered the death of 9th guru [[Guru Teg Bahadur]] ji) and brought it on elephants and kept it at [[Golden Temple]], [[Amritsar]]. Even today it is present at the [[Golden Temple]] known as [[Ramgarhia Bunga]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Singh |first1=Pashaura |last2=Barrier |first2=Norman Gerald |title=Sikh Identity: Continuity and Change |year=1999 |publisher=Manohar |isbn=978-81-7304-236-2 |page=264 |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Sikh_Identity/DIN0AAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=Ramgarhia+Bunga+golden+temple+jassa+singh&dq=Ramgarhia+Bunga+golden+temple+jassa+singh&printsec=frontcover |language=en}}</ref>

==Legacy==
An [[equestrian statue]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://equestrianstatue.org/ramgarhia-jassa-singh/|title=Equestrian statue of Jassa Singh Ramgarhia in Amritsar, Punjab India|date=6 April 2016}}</ref> of Sardar Jassa Singh Ramgharia has been installed in [[Amritsar]], [[Punjab]].

==See also==
*[[Baba Deep Singh]]
*[[Nawab Kapur Singh]]
*[[Ramgarhia Bunga]]

==References==
'''Notes'''
{{notelist}}
'''Citations'''
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
*"The heritage of the Sikhs" by Harbans Singh
*{{cite book |title=A History of the Sikhs, Volume 1: 1469-1839 |first=Khushwant |last=Singh |author-link=Khushwant Singh |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1991 |pages=134, 140, 160, 178–181}}
*The Sikh Commonwealth or Rise and Fall of Sikh Misls. ''(Date:2001, revised edition. {{ISBN|81-215-0165-2}})''

{{Sikhism}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ramgarhia, Jassa Singh}}
[[Category:Indian Sikhs]]
[[Category:Sikh warriors]]
[[Category:History of Punjab]]
[[Category:Punjabi people]]
[[Category:1723 births]]
[[Category:1803 deaths]]