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	'''''Jasminum officinale''''', known as the '''common jasmine''' or simply '''jasmine''', is a species of [[flowering plant]] in the olive [[family (biology)\|family]] Oleaceae. It is native to the Caucasus and parts of Asia, also widely naturalized.		'''''Jasminum officinale''''', known as the '''common jasmine''' or simply '''jasmine''', is a species of [[flowering plant]] in the olive [[family (biology)\|family]] Oleaceae. It is native to the Caucasus and parts of Asia, also widely naturalized.

	It is also known as '''summer jasmine''',~~<~~ref name=BSBI07~~>~~{{BSBI 2007 \|access-date=2014-10-17 }}~~<~~/ref~~>~~ '''poet's jasmine''',~~<~~ref name=GRIN~~>~~{{GRIN \| access-date=2 December 2014}}~~<~~/ref~~>~~ '''white jasmine''',~~<~~ref name=GRIN/~~>~~ '''true jasmine''' or '''jessamine''',~~<~~ref name=GRIN/~~>~~ and is particularly valued by gardeners throughout the [[temperateness\|temperate]] world for the intense fragrance of its flowers in summer. It is also the [[National flower]] of [[Pakistan]].		It is also known as '''summer jasmine''',<ref name=BSBI07>{{BSBI 2007 \|access-date=2014-10-17 }}</ref> '''poet's jasmine''',<ref name=GRIN>{{GRIN \| access-date=2 December 2014}}</ref> '''white jasmine''',<ref name=GRIN/> '''true jasmine''' or '''jessamine''',<ref name=GRIN/> and is particularly valued by gardeners throughout the [[temperateness\|temperate]] world for the intense fragrance of its flowers in summer. It is also the [[National flower]] of [[Pakistan]].

	==Description==		==Description==
	''Jasminum officinale'' is a vigorous, twining [[deciduous]] [[vine\|climber]] with sharply pointed [[pinnate]] leaves and clusters of starry, pure white flowers in summer, which are the source of its heady scent.~~<~~ref name=RHSAZ /~~>~~ The leaf has 5 to 9 leaflets.~~<~~ref~~>~~{{Cite web\|title=Jasminum officinale - Plant Finder\|url=https://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?kempercode=b559\|access-date=2021-10-05\|website=www.missouribotanicalgarden.org}}~~<~~/ref~~>~~		''Jasminum officinale'' is a vigorous, twining [[deciduous]] [[vine\|climber]] with sharply pointed [[pinnate]] leaves and clusters of starry, pure white flowers in summer, which are the source of its heady scent.<ref name=RHSAZ /> The leaf has 5 to 9 leaflets.<ref>{{Cite web\|title=Jasminum officinale - Plant Finder\|url=https://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?kempercode=b559\|access-date=2021-10-05\|website=www.missouribotanicalgarden.org}}</ref>

	==Etymology==		==Etymology==
	The Latin [[binomial nomenclature\|specific epithet]] ''officinale'' means "useful".~~<~~ref name=RHSLG~~>~~{{cite book \| last=Harrison \|first=Lorraine \| title=RHS Latin for Gardeners \| year=2012 \|publisher=Mitchell Beazley \| location=United Kingdom \| isbn=978-1845337315 }}~~<~~/ref~~>~~		The Latin [[binomial nomenclature\|specific epithet]] ''officinale'' means "useful".<ref name=RHSLG>{{cite book \| last=Harrison \|first=Lorraine \| title=RHS Latin for Gardeners \| year=2012 \|publisher=Mitchell Beazley \| location=United Kingdom \| isbn=978-1845337315 }}</ref>

	==Distribution==		==Distribution==
	It is found in the Caucasus, northern Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, the Himalayas, Tajikistan, India, Nepal and western China ([[Guizhou]], [[Sichuan]], [[Xizang]] (Tibet), [[Yunnan]]). The species is also widely cultivated in many places, and is reportedly naturalized in Spain, France, Italy, Portugal, Romania, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Serbia, Algeria, Florida and the West Indies.~~<~~ref name=RHSAZ~~>~~{{cite book\|title=RHS A-Z encyclopedia of garden plants\|year=2008\|publisher=Dorling Kindersley\|location=United Kingdom\|isbn=978-1405332965\|pages=1136}}~~<~~/ref~~>~~		It is found in the Caucasus, northern Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, the Himalayas, Tajikistan, India, Nepal and western China ([[Guizhou]], [[Sichuan]], [[Xizang]] (Tibet), [[Yunnan]]). The species is also widely cultivated in many places, and is reportedly naturalized in Spain, France, Italy, Portugal, Romania, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Serbia, Algeria, Florida and the West Indies.<ref name=RHSAZ>{{cite book\|title=RHS A-Z encyclopedia of garden plants\|year=2008\|publisher=Dorling Kindersley\|location=United Kingdom\|isbn=978-1405332965\|pages=1136}}</ref>

	==Chemical composition==		==Chemical composition==
	''J. officinale'' has been found to contain [[alkaloid]]s, [[coumarin]]s, [[flavonoid]]s, [[tannin]]s, [[terpenoid]]s, [[glycoside]]s, emodine, [[leucoanthocyanin]]s, [[steroid]]s, [[anthocyanin]]s, phlobatinins, [[essential oil]] and [[saponin]]s.~~<~~ref~~>~~{{cite journal \|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324521531 \|doi=10.5281/zenodo.1214994\|year=2018 \|last1=Al-Snafi \|first1=Ali Esmail \|title=Pharmacology and Medicinal Properties of Jasminum Officinale- A Review \|journal=Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences \|volume=05 \|issue=4 \|pages=2191–2197 }}~~<~~/ref~~>~~		''J. officinale'' has been found to contain [[alkaloid]]s, [[coumarin]]s, [[flavonoid]]s, [[tannin]]s, [[terpenoid]]s, [[glycoside]]s, emodine, [[leucoanthocyanin]]s, [[steroid]]s, [[anthocyanin]]s, phlobatinins, [[essential oil]] and [[saponin]]s.<ref>{{cite journal \|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324521531 \|doi=10.5281/zenodo.1214994\|year=2018 \|last1=Al-Snafi \|first1=Ali Esmail \|title=Pharmacology and Medicinal Properties of Jasminum Officinale- A Review \|journal=Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences \|volume=05 \|issue=4 \|pages=2191–2197 }}</ref>

	==Garden history==		==Garden history==
	''Jasminum officinale'' is so ancient in cultivation that its country of origin, though somewhere in [[Central Asia]], is not certain.~~<~~ref~~>~~Alice M. Coats, ''Garden Shrubs and Their Histories'' (1964) 1992, ''s.v.'' "Jasminum".~~<~~/ref~~>~~ H.L. Li, ''The Garden Flowers of China'',~~<~~ref~~>~~Li, ''The Garden Flowers of China'', 1959, noted in Coats (1964) 1992.~~<~~/ref~~>~~ notes that in the third century CE, jasmines identifiable as ''J. officinale'' and ''[[Jasminum sambac\|J. sambac]]'' were recorded among "foreign" plants in Chinese texts, and that in ninth-century Chinese texts ''J. officinale'' was said to come from [[Byzantium]]. Its Chinese name, ''Yeh-hsi-ming'' is a version of the Persian and Arabic name.~~<~~ref~~>~~Coats (1964) 1992.~~<~~/ref~~>~~		''Jasminum officinale'' is so ancient in cultivation that its country of origin, though somewhere in [[Central Asia]], is not certain.<ref>Alice M. Coats, ''Garden Shrubs and Their Histories'' (1964) 1992, ''s.v.'' "Jasminum".</ref> H.L. Li, ''The Garden Flowers of China'',<ref>Li, ''The Garden Flowers of China'', 1959, noted in Coats (1964) 1992.</ref> notes that in the third century CE, jasmines identifiable as ''J. officinale'' and ''[[Jasminum sambac\|J. sambac]]'' were recorded among "foreign" plants in Chinese texts, and that in ninth-century Chinese texts ''J. officinale'' was said to come from [[Byzantium]]. Its Chinese name, ''Yeh-hsi-ming'' is a version of the Persian and Arabic name.<ref>Coats (1964) 1992.</ref>

	Its entry into European gardens was most likely through the Arab-Norman culture of Sicily, but, as the garden historian John Harvey has said, "surprisingly little is known, historically or archaeologically, of the cultural life of pre-Norman Sicily".~~<~~ref~~>~~John Harvey, ''Mediaeval gardens'' (1981:48).~~<~~/ref~~>~~ In the mid-14th century the [[Florence\|Florentine]] author [[Boccaccio]] in his ''[[Decameron]]'' describes a [[walled garden]] in which "the sides of the alleys were all, as it were, walled in with roses white and red and jasmine; insomuch that there was no part of the garden but one might walk there not merely in the morning but at high noon in grateful shade."~~<~~ref~~>~~Boccaccio, ''Decameron'', third day.~~<~~/ref~~>~~ Jasmine water also features in the story of Salabaetto in the ''Decameron''.~~<~~ref~~>~~"They then took from the basket silver vases of great beauty, some of which were filled with rose water, some with orange water, some with jasmine water, and some with lemon water, which they sprinkled upon them".~~<~~/ref~~>~~ ''Jasminum officinale'', "of the household office" where perfumes were distilled, was so thoroughly naturalized that [[Carl Linnaeus\|Linnaeus]] thought it was native to Switzerland.~~<~~ref~~>~~Noted in Coats (1964) 1992.~~<~~/ref~~>~~ As a garden plant in London it features in [[William Turner (naturalist)\|William Turner]]'s ''Names of Herbes'', 1548.		Its entry into European gardens was most likely through the Arab-Norman culture of Sicily, but, as the garden historian John Harvey has said, "surprisingly little is known, historically or archaeologically, of the cultural life of pre-Norman Sicily".<ref>John Harvey, ''Mediaeval gardens'' (1981:48).</ref> In the mid-14th century the [[Florence\|Florentine]] author [[Boccaccio]] in his ''[[Decameron]]'' describes a [[walled garden]] in which "the sides of the alleys were all, as it were, walled in with roses white and red and jasmine; insomuch that there was no part of the garden but one might walk there not merely in the morning but at high noon in grateful shade."<ref>Boccaccio, ''Decameron'', third day.</ref> Jasmine water also features in the story of Salabaetto in the ''Decameron''.<ref>"They then took from the basket silver vases of great beauty, some of which were filled with rose water, some with orange water, some with jasmine water, and some with lemon water, which they sprinkled upon them".</ref> ''Jasminum officinale'', "of the household office" where perfumes were distilled, was so thoroughly naturalized that [[Carl Linnaeus\|Linnaeus]] thought it was native to Switzerland.<ref>Noted in Coats (1964) 1992.</ref> As a garden plant in London it features in [[William Turner (naturalist)\|William Turner]]'s ''Names of Herbes'', 1548.

	Double forms, here as among many flowers, were treasured in the 16th and 17th centuries.		Double forms, here as among many flowers, were treasured in the 16th and 17th centuries.

	==Cultivars==		==Cultivars==
	Numerous [[cultivars]] have been developed for garden use, often with [[variegation\|variegated]] foliage. The cultivar 'Argenteovariegatum',~~<~~ref~~>~~{{cite web\|title=RHS Plant Selector - ''Jasminum officinale'' 'Argenteovariegatum'\|url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/48266/Jasminum-officinale-Argenteovariegatum-(v)/Details\|publisher=Royal Horticultural Society\|access-date=25 September 2020}}~~<~~/ref~~>~~ with cream-white [[variegation]] on the leaves, has gained the [[Royal Horticultural Society]]'s [[Award of Garden Merit]].~~<~~ref~~>~~{{cite web \| url= https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/pdfs/agm-lists/agm-ornamentals.pdf \| title = AGM Plants - Ornamental \| date = July 2017 \| page = 56 \| publisher = Royal Horticultural Society \| access-date = 14 March 2018}}~~<~~/ref~~>~~		Numerous [[cultivars]] have been developed for garden use, often with [[variegation\|variegated]] foliage. The cultivar 'Argenteovariegatum',<ref>{{cite web\|title=RHS Plant Selector - ''Jasminum officinale'' 'Argenteovariegatum'\|url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/48266/Jasminum-officinale-Argenteovariegatum-(v)/Details\|publisher=Royal Horticultural Society\|access-date=25 September 2020}}</ref> with cream-white [[variegation]] on the leaves, has gained the [[Royal Horticultural Society]]'s [[Award of Garden Merit]].<ref>{{cite web \| url= https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/pdfs/agm-lists/agm-ornamentals.pdf \| title = AGM Plants - Ornamental \| date = July 2017 \| page = 56 \| publisher = Royal Horticultural Society \| access-date = 14 March 2018}}</ref>

	==Aromatherapy==		==Aromatherapy==
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	==Safety==		==Safety==
	Jasmine is "[[generally recognized as safe]]" (GRAS) as a food ingredient by the U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]].~~<~~ref name="lactmed"~~>~~{{cite web \|title=Jasmine \|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK501843/ \|publisher=LactMed, US National Library of Medicine \|access-date=24 May 2023 \|date=17 May 2021}}~~<~~/ref~~>~~		Jasmine is "[[generally recognized as safe]]" (GRAS) as a food ingredient by the U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]].<ref name="lactmed">{{cite web \|title=Jasmine \|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK501843/ \|publisher=LactMed, US National Library of Medicine \|access-date=24 May 2023 \|date=17 May 2021}}</ref>

	It is unknown whether jasmine consumption affects breastmilk, as the safety and efficacy of jasmine in nursing mothers or infants has not been adequately studied.~~<~~ref name=lactmed/~~>~~ Drinking small amounts of jasmine tea likely are not harmful during nursing.~~<~~ref name=lactmed/~~>~~		It is unknown whether jasmine consumption affects breastmilk, as the safety and efficacy of jasmine in nursing mothers or infants has not been adequately studied.<ref name=lactmed/> Drinking small amounts of jasmine tea likely are not harmful during nursing.<ref name=lactmed/>

	[[Allergic reaction]]s to jasmine may occur.~~<~~ref name=lactmed/~~>~~		[[Allergic reaction]]s to jasmine may occur.<ref name=lactmed/>

	==References==		==References==

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References

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	[[Category:Plants of Asia]]		[[Category:Plants of Asia]]
			[[Category:Provincial symbols of West Pakistan (PAKISTAN)]]
	[[Category:National symbols of Pakistan]]		[[Category:National symbols of Pakistan]]
	[[Category:Plants of Pakistan]]		[[Category:Plants of Pakistan]]
	[[Category:Plants and animals of Kashmir]]		[[Category:Plants and animals of Kashmir]]
	[[Category:Oleaceae]]		[[Category:Oleaceae]]

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162.158.48.70: Created page with "{{italictitle}} flower close up Floral wreath of jasmine shrubs in the shield of Pakistan '''''Jasminum officinale''''' is the common Jasmine. It is in the family Oleaceae.{{cite web | url = http://botany.si.edu/ing/INGsearch.cfm?searchword=Jasminum | title = ''Jasminum'' | access-date = 2008-06-03 | work = Index Nominum Genericorum | publisher = Internation..."

2022-07-29T16:29:10Z

Created page with "{{italictitle}} thumb|flower close up thumb|Floral wreath of jasmine shrubs in the shield of Pakistan '''''Jasminum officinale''''' is the common Jasmine. It is in the family Oleaceae.<ref name="ing">{{cite web | url = http://botany.si.edu/ing/INGsearch.cfm?searchword=Jasminum | title = ''Jasminum'' | access-date = 2008-06-03 | work = Index Nominum Genericorum | publisher = Internation..."

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{{italictitle}}
[[Image:Jasminum officinale.JPG|thumb|flower close up]]
[[Image:State emblem of Pakistan.svg|thumb|Floral wreath of jasmine shrubs in the shield of Pakistan]]

'''''Jasminum officinale''''' is the common [[Jasmine]]. It is in the family [[Oleaceae]].<ref name="ing">{{cite web
| url = http://botany.si.edu/ing/INGsearch.cfm?searchword=Jasminum
| title = ''Jasminum''
| access-date = 2008-06-03
| work = Index Nominum Genericorum
| publisher = International Association for Plant Taxonomy
}}</ref><ref name="CPN">{{cite journal
| url = http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=116771
| title = 10. Jasminum Linnaeus
| access-date = 2008-06-03
| journal = Chinese Plant Names
| volume = 15
| page = 307
}}</ref>
It is famous for its scent. It is also known as '''Poet's Jasmine''' or jessamine.

==Garden history==
For thousands of years, the [[Jasmine]] has been cultivated not only for the beauty of its small, white, star-like flowers, but also for its intoxicating scent.

It is native to the foothills of the Western [[Himalayas]] and the [[Indus Valley]] plains of the [[Pakistani Punjab]]. The plant was cultivated and brought to the rest of the [[Indian subcontinent]], [[China]], the [[Middle East]] and other regions of [[Asia]]. From there, it spread into France, Italy and the [[Mediterranean]], and eventually it was introduced to the rest of Western Europe and Britain. Today, Jasmine is grown and cultivated all over the world in its many varieties.

Since Jasmine has been cultivated all over the world for its flowers and scent, there are different varieties, and each type of Jasmine is associated with different meanings. In Pakistan, Jasmine is a very common plant and one can find it in any garden. Because of its attractive scent, the white Jasmine symbolizes attachment and represents amiability and modesty; therefore, Jasmine is named as the [[List of national flowers|National flower]] of [[Pakistan]] respectively.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{-}}

[[Category:Plants of Asia]]
[[Category:National symbols of Pakistan]]
[[Category:Plants of Pakistan]]
[[Category:Plants and animals of Kashmir]]
[[Category:Oleaceae]]

Jasminum officinale - Revision history

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Movebot: Movebot moved page Talk:Jasminum officinale to Jasminum officinale without leaving a redirect: BP:MOVE