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{{Multiple issues|
{{Expand Japanese|topic=transp|日本航空ボンベイ空港誤認着陸事故|date=December 2009}}
{{Refimprove|date=December 2009}}
}}
{{Short description|1972 aviation accident in Bombay, India}}
{{For|the hijacking of Flight 472 in 1977|Japan Air Lines Flight 472 (1977)}}
{{Infobox aircraft occurrence
| name = Japan Air Lines Flight 472
| image = JA8013 Douglas DC-8-53 Tokyo Haneda 1969 (cropped).jpg
| alt =
| caption = JA8013, the aircraft involved in the accident in 1969, with a previous livery
| date = {{start-date|24 September 1972}}
| summary = Runway excursion due to pilot error
| occurrence_type = Accident
| site = [[Juhu Aerodrome]], [[Mumbai|Bombay]], India
| injuries = 11
| aircraft_type = [[Douglas DC-8]]-53
| aircraft_name = Haruna
| operator = [[Japan Air Lines]]
| plane1_IATA = JL472
| plane1_ICAO = JAL472
| plane1_callsign = JAPAN AIR 472
| tail_number = JA8013
| occupants = 122
| passengers = 108
| crew = 14
| fatalities = 0
| survivors = 122
| coordinates = {{Coord|19|05|57|N|72|50|20|E|display=inline, title}}
| origin = [[London Heathrow Airport]], [[London]], United Kingdom
| stopover0 = [[Frankfurt Airport]], [[Frankfurt]], Germany
| stopover1 = [[Leonardo da Vinci-Fiumicino Airport]], [[Rome]], Italy
| stopover2 = [[Beirut Rafic Hariri International Airport]], [[Beirut]], Lebanon
| stopover3 = [[Mehrabad International Airport]], [[Tehran]], Iran
| stopover4 = [[Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport|Santacruz Airport]], [[Mumbai|Bombay]], India
| stopover5 = [[Don Mueang International Airport]], [[Bangkok]], Thailand
| last_stopover = [[Kai Tak Airport]], Hong Kong
| destination = [[Haneda Airport]], [[Tokyo]], Japan
}}
'''Japan Air Lines Flight 472''' was a flight from [[London]] to [[Tokyo]] via [[Frankfurt]], [[Rome]], [[Beirut]], [[Tehran]], [[Bombay]], [[Bangkok]] and [[Hong Kong]]. On September 24, 1972, the flight landed at [[Juhu Aerodrome]] near [[Bombay]], India instead of the city's much larger [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport|Santacruz Airport]] (now Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport) and overran the runway, resulting in the aircraft being written off after being damaged beyond economic repair. All 122 on board survived, although nine passengers and two crew members were injured.

==Aircraft==
The aircraft involved was a [[Douglas DC-8|Douglas DC-8-53]], registration JA8013, first flown in 1964.<ref name=ASN240972>{{cite web|url=http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19720924-1 |title=Accident description |publisher=Aviation Safety Network |access-date=24 December 2009}}</ref>

==Accident==
The flight departed London 20 minutes late. By the time it left Tehran for Bombay, it was 80 minutes behind schedule. The crew planned to execute an [[Instrument Landing System|ILS]] approach to Santacruz Airport, Bombay. However, the [[air traffic controller]] (ATC) asked the crew, "Can you see the runway?", to which they replied, "Yes, we can". Since the weather was good around the airport that day, the ATC instructed, "[[Visual flight rules|VFR]] approach please".

After this, Flight 472 flew past Runway 09 on the west side of Santacruz Airport while descending, and executed a 360-degree turn in order to approach again from the west and land. However, when it did land at 06:50 [[UTC+5:30|local time]] (01:20 [[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]), it was in fact landing on Runway 08 of Juhu Aerodrome. Juhu is {{convert|3.7|km|mi nmi}} west of Santacruz, and for use by small aircraft only.<ref name=ASN240972/> Runway 08 of Juhu was only {{convert|1143|m|ft}} long, too short for the large aircraft operating Flight 472.{{Citation needed|date=December 2009}}

After deploying the [[thrust reverser]]s, the captain realized the mistake and immediately deployed [[Spoiler (aeronautics)|spoilers]] and applied maximum braking power, but an overrun was inevitable. The DC-8 overshot the runway, breaking off both engines on the [[Port (nautical)|port]] wing, and damaging the front and main [[landing gear]], causing the nose of the aircraft to dive into the ground. The wreckage caught fire, but the fire was soon put out by fire extinguishers.

At the time of the accident, there were 14 crew and 108 passengers on board. The aircraft was damaged beyond economic repair.<ref name=ASN240972/> 2 cockpit crew and 9 passengers (all non-Japanese){{clarify|date=January 2012}} were reported injured{{Citation needed|date=January 2012}}. It was the second Japan Airlines accident in India, coming just two months after the fatal crash of [[Japan Air Lines Flight 471]] in [[Delhi]].

==Cause==
The accident was attributed to [[pilot error]]. However, the Indian authorities were also blamed for operating an airport for small aircraft so close to Santacruz, causing confusion (see similar incidents below). Another factor was that during the 360-degree turn Flight 472 faced the sun and morning mist, and the cockpit crew lost sight of the runway. When they suddenly saw the runway of Juhu Aerodrome, they mistook it for the runway of Santacruz, and landed on it.

== See also ==
* 1953 [[British Overseas Airways Corporation]] (BOAC) [[de Havilland Comet]] [[British Overseas Airways Corporation#1950s|G-ALYR]] crash
* 2006 [[31st Air Base#Confusion with Poznań–Ławica Airport|Poznań-Krzesiny]] military airbase incidents.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lotnicze pomyłki: Boeing na Krzesinach |trans-title=Aviation mistakes: Boeing at Krzesiny |url=http://lotniczapolska.pl/Lotnicze-pomylki-%E2%80%93-Boeing-na-Krzesinach,6563 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818112504/http://lotniczapolska.pl/Lotnicze-pomylki-%E2%80%93-Boeing-na-Krzesinach,6563 |archive-date=2016-08-18 |access-date=2016-06-30 |website=lotniczapolska.pl |language=pl}}</ref>
* [[2019 Saha Airlines Boeing 707 crash]]

==References==
{{Portal|Japan|India|1970s|Aviation}}
{{Reflist}}

{{Aviation accidents and incidents in 1972}}
{{Aviation accidents and incidents in India}}
{{JAL Group}}

[[Category:Aviation accidents and incidents in 1972]]
[[Category:Aviation accidents and incidents involving the Douglas DC-8]]
[[Category:Japan Airlines accidents and incidents|472]]
[[Category:Airliner accidents and incidents caused by pilot error]]
[[Category:Aviation accidents and incidents in India]]
[[Category:1972 in India]]
[[Category:1972 in Japan]]
[[Category:September 1972 in Asia]]
[[Category:Aviation accidents and incidents involving runway overruns]]

Japan Air Lines Flight 472 (1972) - Revision history

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