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Geography: Map relocated

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	==Geography==		==Geography==
			[[File:Map of Paschim Bardhaman district.jpg\|600px\|thumb\|Map of Paschim Bardhaman district]]
	Bahadurpur, a gram panchayat, is located at {{coord\|23.6739661\|N\|87.1401215\|E\|format=dms\|}}.		Bahadurpur, a gram panchayat, is located at {{coord\|23.6739661\|N\|87.1401215\|E\|format=dms\|}}.
	~~[[File:Map of Paschim Bardhaman district.jpg\|600px\|thumb\|center\|Map of Paschim Bardhaman district]]~~
	Jamuria CD Block is part of the Ajay Damodar Barakar tract. This area is sort of an extension of the [[Chota Nagpur Plateau]]. It is a rocky undulating area with [[laterite]] soil, with the [[Ajay River\|Ajay]] on the north, the [[Damodar River\|Damodar]] on the south and the [[Barakar River\|Barakar]] on the west. For ages the area was heavily forested and infested with plunderers and marauders. The discovery of coal, in the eighteenth century, led to industrialisation of the area and most of the forests have been cleared.<ref>{{cite web\| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/DCHB/DCHB_A/19/1909_PART_A_DCHB_BARDDHAMAN.pdf \|title = Census of India 2011, West Bengal: District Census Handbook, Barddhaman \|work = Physiography, pages 13-14\| publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal \| access-date = 23 January 2017}}</ref><ref>Chattopadhyay, Akkori, ''Bardhaman Jelar Itihas O Lok Sanskriti'' (History and Folk lore of Bardhaman District.), {{in lang\|bn}}, Vol I, pp 14-15, Radical Impression. {{ISBN\|81-85459-36-3}}</ref>		Jamuria CD Block is part of the Ajay Damodar Barakar tract. This area is sort of an extension of the [[Chota Nagpur Plateau]]. It is a rocky undulating area with [[laterite]] soil, with the [[Ajay River\|Ajay]] on the north, the [[Damodar River\|Damodar]] on the south and the [[Barakar River\|Barakar]] on the west. For ages the area was heavily forested and infested with plunderers and marauders. The discovery of coal, in the eighteenth century, led to industrialisation of the area and most of the forests have been cleared.<ref>{{cite web\| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/DCHB/DCHB_A/19/1909_PART_A_DCHB_BARDDHAMAN.pdf \|title = Census of India 2011, West Bengal: District Census Handbook, Barddhaman \|work = Physiography, pages 13-14\| publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal \| access-date = 23 January 2017}}</ref><ref>Chattopadhyay, Akkori, ''Bardhaman Jelar Itihas O Lok Sanskriti'' (History and Folk lore of Bardhaman District.), {{in lang\|bn}}, Vol I, pp 14-15, Radical Impression. {{ISBN\|81-85459-36-3}}</ref>

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{{Infobox settlement
|official_name = Jamuria
|other_name =
|native_name =
|native_name_lang =
|nickname =
|settlement_type = Community development block
|motto =
|image_skyline =
|imagesize =
|image_caption =
|image_flag =
|flag_size =
|image_seal =
|seal_size =
|image_map =
|mapsize =
|map_caption = Location in West Bengal
|pushpin_map = India West Bengal
|pushpin_label_position =right
|pushpin_mapsize=
|pushpin_map_caption =
|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name ={{flag|India}}
|subdivision_type1 = [[States of India|State]]
|subdivision_name1 =[[West Bengal]]
|subdivision_type2 = [[Districts of India|District]]
|subdivision_name2 =[[Paschim Bardhaman district|Paschim Bardhaman]]
|subdivision_type3 =Parliamentary constituency
|subdivision_name3 = [[Asansol (Lok Sabha constituency)|Asansol]]
|subdivision_type4 =Assembly constituency
|subdivision_name4 = [[Jamuria (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Jamuria]]
|leader_title =
|leader_name =
|established_title =
|established_date =
|area_magnitude =
|unit_pref =Imperial
|area_footnotes =
|area_total_km2 = 158.10
|area_land_km2 =
|population_as_of = 2011
|population_footnotes =
|population_note =
|population_total = 123,176
|population_density_km2 = auto
|timezone = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|utc_offset = +5.30
|coordinates = {{coord|23|40|26|N|87|08|24|E|display=inline}}
|elevation_footnotes =
|elevation_m = 133
|elevation_ft =
|postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
|postal_code = 713378 (Haripur) 713342 (Kenda) 713362 (Toposi) 713368 (Churulia)
|area_code_type = Telephone/[[Subscriber trunk dialling|STD]] code
|area_code = 0341
|registration_plate = [[List of RTO districts in India#WB.E2.80.94West Bengal|WB]]-37,[[List of RTO districts in India#WB.E2.80.94West Bengal|WB]]-38,[[List of RTO districts in India#WB.E2.80.94West Bengal|WB]]-41,[[List of RTO districts in India#WB.E2.80.94West Bengal|WB]]-42,[[List of RTO districts in India#WB.E2.80.94West Bengal|WB]]-44
|blank_name = Literacy Rate
|blank_info = 69.42 per cent
|website = http://bardhaman.gov.in/
|footnotes =
}}
'''Jamuria''' is a [[Community development block in India|community development block]] that forms an administrative division in [[Asansol subdivision]] of [[Paschim Bardhaman district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]].

==Geography==
Bahadurpur, a gram panchayat, is located at {{coord|23.6739661|N|87.1401215|E|format=dms|}}.
[[File:Map of Paschim Bardhaman district.jpg|600px|thumb|center|Map of Paschim Bardhaman district]]
Jamuria CD Block is part of the Ajay Damodar Barakar tract. This area is sort of an extension of the [[Chota Nagpur Plateau]]. It is a rocky undulating area with [[laterite]] soil, with the [[Ajay River|Ajay]] on the north, the [[Damodar River|Damodar]] on the south and the [[Barakar River|Barakar]] on the west. For ages the area was heavily forested and infested with plunderers and marauders. The discovery of coal, in the eighteenth century, led to industrialisation of the area and most of the forests have been cleared.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/DCHB/DCHB_A/19/1909_PART_A_DCHB_BARDDHAMAN.pdf |title = Census of India 2011, West Bengal: District Census Handbook, Barddhaman |work = Physiography, pages 13-14| publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal | access-date = 23 January 2017}}</ref><ref>Chattopadhyay, Akkori, ''Bardhaman Jelar Itihas O Lok Sanskriti'' (History and Folk lore of Bardhaman District.), {{in lang|bn}}, Vol I, pp 14-15, Radical Impression. {{ISBN|81-85459-36-3}}</ref>

Jamuria CD Block is bounded by [[Nala block|Nala]] CD Block, in Jamtara district of Jharkhand, and [[Khoyrasole (community development block)|Khoyrasole]] CD Block in Birbhum district, on the north, [[Pandabeswar (community development block)|Pandabeswar]] CD Block on the east, [[Asansol]] (municipal corporation) and [[Raniganj (community development block)|Raniganj]] CD Block, on the south and [[Barabani (community development block)|Barabani]] CD Block on the west.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/westbengal/tehsil/barddhman.html |title = Tehsil Map of Barddhaman |work = CD Block/ Tehsil | publisher= Maps of India | access-date = 23 January 2017}}</ref>

Jamuria CD Block has an area of 158.10 km2. It has 1 [[Panchayat Samiti (Block)|panchayat samity]], 10 [[gram panchayat]]s, 93 gram sansads (village councils), 46 [[mouza]]s and 38 inhabited villages. [[Jamuria#Police station|Jamuria]] police station serves this block.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.dospiwb.org.in/site.php |title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Burdwan |work = Tables 2.1, 2.2 |publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal |access-date = 22 January 2017 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170729135056/http://www.dospiwb.org.in/site.php |archive-date = 29 July 2017 }}</ref> Headquarters of this CD Block is at [[Bahadurpur, Bardhaman|Bahadurpur]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/1909_PART_B_DCHB_BARDDHAMAN.pdf |title = District Census Handbook: Barddhaman | work= Map of Barddhaman with CD Block HQs and Police Stations (on the fourth page) |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, 2011 | access-date = 22 January 2017 }}</ref>

[[Gram panchayat]]s of Jamuria block/[[panchayat samiti]] are: Bahadurpur, Chinchuria, [[Churulia]], Dobrana, Hijalgora, Kendra, Madantore, Parasea, Shyamalya and Tapsi.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://wbprd.gov.in/HtmlPage/PANCHAYATS.aspx |title = Directory of District, Subdivision, Panchayat Samiti/ Block and Gram Panchayats in West Bengal |work = Bardhaman - Revised in March 2008 | publisher= Panchayats and Rural Development Department, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 30 January 2017}}</ref>

==Demographics==

===Population===
As per the [[2011 Census of India]] Jamuria CD Block had a total population of 123,176, of which 75,144 were rural and 48,032 were urban. There were 64,578 (52%) males and 58,598 (48%) females. Population below 6 years was 15,141. [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Castes]] numbered 37,793 (30.68%) and [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Tribes]] numbered 10,272 (8.34%).<ref name=census2011>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = C.D. Block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data(PCA) | work= 2011 census: West Bengal – District-wise CD Blocks|publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 16 January 2017}}</ref>

As per 2001 census, Jamuria block had a total population of 112,799, out of which 59,839 were males and 52,960 were females. Jamuria block registered a population growth of 12.96 per cent during the 1991-2001 decade. Decadal growth for Bardhaman district was 14.36 per cent.<ref name=census>{{cite web | url = http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus/DataTables/02/Table4_9.htm | title = Provisional population totals, West Bengal, Table 4, Barddhaman District | access-date = 4 February 2017 | work = Census of India 2001 | publisher = Census Commission of India|url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110928205026/http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus/DataTables/02/Table4_9.htm|archive-date= 28 September 2011}}</ref> Decadal growth in West Bengal was 17.84 per cent.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wbcensus.gov.in/DataTables/02/Table4_1.htm |title=Provisional Population Totals, West Bengal. Table 4 |access-date= 4 February 2017 |work=Census of India 2001 |publisher=Census Commission of India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927041813/http://www.wbcensus.gov.in/DataTables/02/Table4_1.htm |archive-date=27 September 2007 }}</ref> [[Scheduled castes and scheduled tribes|Scheduled castes]] at 39,449 formed around one-third the population. Scheduled tribes numbered 10,575.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus/HouseListingF/SCST/All_distSCST(TRU1)9.htm |title=TRU for all Districts (SC & ST and Total) |access-date=4 February 2017 |work=Census 2001 |publisher=Census Commission of India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719040022/http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus/HouseListingF/SCST/All_distSCST%28TRU1%299.htm |archive-date=19 July 2011 }}</ref>

[[Census Town]]s in Jamuria CD Block are (2011 census figures in brackets): [[Kunustara]] (5,127), [[Topsi]] (4,329), [[Nimsa]] (3,549), [[Chinchuria]] (6,617), [[Kenda]] (15,731), [[Parasia]] (8,894) and [[Kendra Khottamdi]] (part) (3,875).<ref name=census2011/>

Large villages (with 4,000+ population) in Jamuria CD Block are (2011 census figures in brackets): [[Churulia]] (8,173) and Hijalgora (5,374),<ref name=census2011/>

Other villages in Jamuria CD Block include (2011census figures in brackets): [[Bahadurpur, Bardhaman|Bahadurpur]] (2,514), Dobrana (3,254), Madantore (2,813), Semalya (3,395) and [[Chhatrish Ganda]] (2,894).<ref name=census2011/> Villages are Andharia, Bagdiha, Baguli, Bahadurpur, Bamanband, Barul, Bataspur, Benasol, Bhaterdaha, Bhuri, Bijaynagar, Birkulti, Chak Dola, Chichurbil, Churulia, Dahuka, Darbardanga, Desher Mohan, Dhasla, Dhasna, Dobrana, Hijalgora, Jamsol, Jayantipur, Jaynagar, Jote Janaki, Khamarsol, Kumardiha, Laikapur, Lalbazar, Madhabpur, Madhudanga, Manpur, Patharchur, Rakhakura, Sarakdihi, Sattar, Shankheri, Sidhpur and Taltore.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://vlist.in/sub-district/02270.html|title=Villages in Jamuria C.D.Block|access-date=2013-11-09|work=vlist.in}}</ref>

===Literacy===
As per the 2011 census the total number of literates in Jamuria CD Block was 75,001 (69.42% of the population over 6 years) out of which males numbered 45,006 (79.41% of the male population over 6 years) and females numbered 29,995 (58.40% of the female population over 6 years). The [[Literacy#Gender disparities|gender disparity]] (the difference between female and male literacy rates) was 21.01%.<ref name=census2011/>

As per 2001 census, Jamuria block had a total literacy of 67.29 per cent for the 6+ age group. While male literacy was 79.09 per cent female literacy was 53.86 per cent. Bardhaman district had a total literacy of 70.18 per cent, male literacy being 78.63 per cent and female literacy being 60.95 per cent.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus/DataTables/02/Table5_9.htm |title=Provisional population totals, West Bengal, Table 5, Bardhaman District |access-date= 4 February 2017 |work=Census of India 2001 |publisher=Census Commission of India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928211117/http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus/DataTables/02/Table5_9.htm |archive-date=2011-09-28 }}</ref>

See also – [[List of West Bengal districts ranked by literacy rate]]

{{Literacy in CD Blocks of Bardhaman district|collapsible=y}}

===Language and religion===
As per census definition, mother-tongue is the language spoken in childhood by the person's mother to the person. As a mother-tongue, [[Bengali language|Bengali]] has decreased its share from 82.3% of the population of Bardhaman district in 1961 to 79.9% in 2001, [[Hindi]] has increased its share from 8.5% in 1961 to 10.9% in 2001 [[Santali language|Santali]] has remained steady at around 4.9% during the period, and [[Urdu language|Urdu]] has increased its share from 2.4% in 1961 to 2.6% in 2001. Other mother-tongues spoken in 2001 were: Odiya (0.3%), Punjabi (0.2%), Koda/Kora (0.2%), Telugu (0.1%), Bhojpuri (0.1%), Nepali (0.1%) and Kurukh/ Oraon (0.1%).<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/DCHB/DCHB_A/19/1909_PART_A_DCHB_BARDDHAMAN.pdf |title = Census of India 2011, West Bengal: District Census Handbook, Barddhaman |work = Mother-tongue: Table 11, page 51| publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal | access-date = 7 April 2018}}</ref>

As of 2017, CD Block-wise/ other region-wise break-up of mother tongue is not available in census/ other official sources. There have been reports in the media about the Hindi speaking population being substantial in the [[Asansol (Lok Sabha constituency)]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/Red-Corridors-in-West-Bengal-a-Headache-for-EC/2014/05/07/article2209572.ece |title = Red Corridors in West Bengal a Headache for EC| publisher = The New Indian Express, 7 May 2014 |access-date = 28 January 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.mapsofindia.com/my-india/politics/hindi-speaking-voters-modified-didi-looks-for-answers |title = Hindi speaking voters ‘Modi’fied, Didi looks for answers| publisher = Maps of India, 1 April 2014 |access-date = 28 January 2017 }}</ref> Bardhaman district provided attractive livelihood opportunities for immigrants from Bihar/ Jharkhand.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/District%20DEV%20Report.%20Burdwan%20%202012%20total%20Book%20Curve%20Red.pdf|title = District Human Development Report: Bardhaman|work = Chapter I, Page 8|publisher = Development and Planning Department, Government of West Bengal, 2011|access-date = 28 January 2017|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170814062640/http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/District%20DEV%20Report.%20Burdwan%20%202012%20total%20Book%20Curve%20Red.pdf|archive-date = 14 August 2017|url-status = dead}}</ref>

According to the West Bengal Official Language Act 1961 and the West Bengal Official Language (Amendment Act) 2012, the Bengali language is to be used for official purposes in the whole of West Bengal. In addition to Bengali, the Nepali language is to be used for official purposes in the three hills subdivisions, namely Darjeeling, Kalimpong and Kurseong, in the district of Darjeeling, and Urdu is to be used for official purposes in district/subdivision/ block/ municipality where the population speaking Urdu exceeds 10% of the total population. The English language will continue to be used for official purposes as it was being used prior to the enactment of these laws.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.latestlaws.com/bare-acts/state-acts-rules/west-bengal-state-laws/west-bengal-official-language-act-1961/|title = West Bengal Official Language Act 1961 |publisher= Latest Laws.com| access-date = 10 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = https://advocatetanmoy.com/2018/06/26/the-west-bengal-official-language-act-1961/ |title = The West Bengal Official Language Act 1961|publisher= Advocate Tanmoy Law Library | access-date = 10 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.wbja.nic.in/wbja_adm/files/The%20Bengal%20Official%20Language%20Act,%201961_1.pdf |title = The West Bengal Official Language Act, 1961| access-date = 10 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/official-language-status-for-urdu-in-some-west-bengal-areas/article3274293.ece |title = Official status for Urdu in some West Bengal Areas |publisher= The Hindu, 2 April 2012 | access-date = 10 May 2020}}</ref>

The West Bengal Official Language (Second Amendment) Bill, 2012, included Hindi, Santhali, Odiya and Punjabi as official languages if it is spoken by a population exceeding 10 per cent of the whole in a particular block or sub-division or a district. Subsequently, Kamtapuri, Rajbanshi and Kurmali were also included in the list of minority languages by the West Bengal Official Language (Second Amendment) Bill, 2018.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.telegraphindia.com/states/west-bengal/multi-lingual-bengal/cid/358751 |title = Multilingual Bengal |publisher= The Telegraph, 11 December 2012 | access-date = 15 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/kamtapuri-rajbanshi-make-it-to-list-of-official-languages-in-bengal/1263116 |title = Kamtapuri, Rajbanshi make it to the list of official languages in Bengal |publisher= Outlook, 28 February 2015 | access-date = 15 January 2019}}</ref> However, as of 2019, there is no official / other reliable information about the areas covered.

{{bar box
|title=Religion in Jamuria CD Block
|titlebar=#ddd
|left1=
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hindu]]|Orange|88.18}}
{{bar percent|[[Muslim]]|Green|11.21}}
{{bar percent|[[Christians|Christian]]|Blue|0.10}}
{{bar percent|Others|Yellow|0.52}}
}}
In the 2011 census Hindus numbered 108,613 and formed 88.18% of the population in Jamuria CD Block. Muslims numbered 13,804 and formed 11.21% of the population. Christians numbered 121 and formed 0.10% of the population. Others numbered 638 and formed 0.52% of the population.<ref name=censusreligion2011>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/c-01.html |title = C1 Population by Religious Community | work= West Bengal |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 27 January 2017}}</ref>

==Rural poverty==
As per poverty estimates obtained from household survey for families living [[Below Poverty Line (India)|below poverty line]] in 2005, rural poverty in Jamuria CD Block was 22.99%.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/District%20DEV%20Report.%20Burdwan%20%202012%20total%20Book%20Curve%20Red.pdf |title = District Human Development Report: Bardhaman |work = Table 4.2: Empirical Measurement of Rural Poverty in Bardhaman 2005, page 94 |publisher = Development and Planning Department, Government of West Bengal, 2011 |access-date = 30 January 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170814062640/http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/District%20DEV%20Report.%20Burdwan%20%202012%20total%20Book%20Curve%20Red.pdf |archive-date = 14 August 2017 |url-status = dead }}</ref>

==Economy==

===Livelihood===
{{Pie chart
|caption= '''Livelihood in Jamuria CD Block'''
|value1 = 11.91
|label1 = Cultivators
|value2 = 27.16
|label2 = Agricultural labourers
|value3 = 1.96
|label3 = Household industries
|value4 = 58.97
|label4 = Other Workers}}

In Jamuria CD Block in 2011, amongst the class of total workers, cultivators numbered 4,897 and formed 11.91% of the total workers, agricultural labourers numbered 11,168 and formed 27.16%, household industry workers numbered 805 and formed 1.96% and other workers numbered 24,250 and formed 58.97%. Total workers numbered 41,120 and formed 33.38% of the total population, and non-workers numbered 82,056 and formed 66.82% of the population.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/DCHB/DCHB_A/19/1909_PART_A_DCHB_BARDDHAMAN.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Bardhaman, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A |work = Page 96, Table 33: Distribution of Workers by Sex in Four Categories ofEconomic Activity in Sub-district 2011; Page 86, Table 30: Number and Percentage of Main Workers, Marginal Workers and Non-workers by sex in sub-districts, 2011| publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| access-date = 22 September 2018}}</ref>

Coalmines are spread across the Andal, Pandaveswar, Raniganj, Jamuria, Barabani and Salanpur region, including municipal areas. Livelihood in this region is coal-centred. The area does not produce much of agricultural products. Overall work participation rate, and female work participation rate, in the mining area are low. Interestingly the work participation rate in the predominantly agricultural rural areas of erstwhile Bardhaman district is higher than in the predominantly urbanised mining area. Human development in the mining area does not at all look good. However, in the composite livelihood index the mining area performs much better than the non-mining areas of erstwhile Bardhaman district. The decadal (1991-2001) change in composition of workers shows the growing pressure of population growth, as well as of migrants from adjacent Jharkhand.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Human%20Development%20Report| title=District Human Development Report: Bardhaman | work= Pages 294-300 |publisher= Department of Planning, Statistics and Programme monitoring, Government of West Bengal, 2011 | access-date = 22 September 2018}}</ref>

Note: In the census records a person is considered a cultivator, if the person is engaged in cultivation/ supervision of land owned by self/government/institution. When a person who works on another person's land for wages in cash or kind or share, is regarded as an agricultural labourer. Household industry is defined as an industry conducted by one or more members of the family within the household or village, and one that does not qualify for registration as a factory under the [[Factories Act,1948, India|Factories Act]]. Other workers are persons engaged in some economic activity other than cultivators, agricultural labourers and household workers. It includes factory, mining, plantation, transport and office workers, those engaged in business and commerce, teachers, entertainment artistes and so on.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/DCHB/DCHB_A/19/1909_PART_A_DCHB_BARDDHAMAN.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Bardhaman, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A |work = Census Concepts and Definitions, Page 33 | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| access-date = 22 September 2018}}</ref>

===Infrastructure===
All 46 or 100% of mouzas in Jamuria CD Block were electrified by 31 March 2014.<ref name=handbook2014>{{cite web | url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Bardhaman | work = Tables 2.7, 2.1, 8.2, 16.1, 17.2, 18.1, 18.2, 20.1, 21.2, 4.4, 3.1, 3.3 – arranged as per use | publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 30 January 2017 }}</ref>

43 mouzas in Jamuria CD Block had drinking water facilities in 2013-14. There were 37 fertiliser depots, 3 seed stores and 34 [[Public distribution system|fair price shops]] in the CD Block.<ref name=handbook2014/>

===Coal mining===
It is in the heart of the coal mining zone.<ref>Chattopadhyay, Akkori, p 666</ref> With plenty of coal seams near the surface, illegal mining has been a long-standing problem in the area.<ref>[http://www.telegraphindia.com/1050521/asp/bengal/story_4768418.asp The Telegraph 21 May 2005]</ref>

See also – [[Sripur Area]], [[Satgram Area]], [[Kunustoria Area]] and [[Kenda Area]] of [[Eastern Coalfields]]

===Agriculture===
Although the Bargadari Act of 1950 recognised the rights of [[bargadar]]s to a higher share of crops from the land that they tilled, it was not implemented fully. Large tracts, beyond the prescribed limit of land ceiling, remained with the rich landlords. From 1977 onwards major land reforms took place in West Bengal. Land in excess of land ceiling was acquired and distributed amongst the peasants.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/24%20pgsSouth/s24prg_main.htm | title = District Human Development Report: South 24 Parganas | work = (1) Chapter 1.2, South 24 Parganas in Historical Perspective, pages 7-9 (2) Chapter 3.4, Land reforms, pages 32-33 | publisher = Development & Planning Department, Government of West Bengal, 2009 | access-date = 7 August 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161005044029/http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/24%20pgsSouth/s24prg_main.htm | archive-date = 5 October 2016 | url-status = dead }}</ref> Following [[Land reform in India|land reforms]] land ownership pattern has undergone transformation. In 2013-14, persons engaged in agriculture in Jamuria CD Block could be classified as follows: [[bargadar]]s 15.12%, patta (document) holders 18.66%, small farmers (possessing land between 1 and 2 hectares) 6.03%, marginal farmers (possessing land up to 1 hectare) 23.49% and agricultural labourers 36.71%.<ref name=handbook2014/>

In 2003-04 net cropped area in Jamuria CD Block was 14,130 hectares and the area in which more than one crop was grown was 2,579 hectares.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/District%20DEV%20Report.%20Burdwan%20%202012%20total%20Book%20Curve%20Red.pdf | title = District Human Development Report, Bardhaman | work = Table 3.10, Gross Cropped Area, Net Cropped Area and Cropping Intensity of different blocks of Bardhaman district 2003-04, Page 53 | publisher = Development and Planning Department, Government of West Bengal, May 2011 | access-date = 30 January 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170814062640/http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/District%20DEV%20Report.%20Burdwan%20%202012%20total%20Book%20Curve%20Red.pdf | archive-date = 14 August 2017 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

In 2013-14, Jamuria CD Block produced 5,425 tonnes of [[Rice#Ecotypes and cultivars|Aman paddy]], the main winter crop, from 1,981 hectares and 13 tonnes of wheat from 6 hectares. It also produced pulses and oilseeds.<ref name=handbook2014/>

===Banking===
In 2013-14, Jamuria CD Block had offices of 8 commercial banks and 1 [[Regional Rural Bank|gramin bank]].<ref name=handbook2014/>
{{Andal–Sainthia branch line|collapse=yes}}

==Transport==
Jamuria CD Block has 1 ferry service and 5 originating/ terminating bus routes.<ref name=handbook2014/>

The [[Andal-Sainthia branch line|Andal-Jamuria-Sitarampur branch line]] passes through this CD Block and there is a station at Jamuria.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://indiarailinfo.com/train/timetable/andal-jasidih-demu-73539/15359/585/326 |title = 73539 Andal-Jasidih DEMU |work = Time Table | publisher= indiarailinfo | access-date = 9 February 2017}}</ref>

==Education==
In 2013-14, Jamuria CD Block had 65 primary schools with 6,645 students, 6 middle schools with 773 students, 6 high schools with 3,786 students and 7 higher secondary schools with 4,889 students. Jamuria CD Block had 1 general college with 557 students, and 198 institutions for special and non-formal education with 7,632 students.<ref name=handbook2014/>

[[Kazi Nazrul Islam Mahavidyalaya]] was established in 1981 at [[Churulia]]. It is affiliated with Kazi Nazrul University.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://knim.org/ | title = Kazi Nazrul Islam Mahavidyalaya | publisher = KNIM | access-date = 2 March 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170303201153/https://knim.org/ | archive-date = 3 March 2017 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

==Culture==
Kazi Nazrul Satabarshiki Bhawan at [[Churulia]], birthplace of [[Kazi Nazrul Islam]], in Jamuria block came up in the year of his birth centenary.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.thestatesman.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&show=archive&id=179758&catid=72&year=2007&month=2&day=8&Itemid=66| title= Jamuria to get its first cultural hub named after Kazi Nazrul Islam| access-date = 2011-08-26 | publisher = The Statesman 8 February 2007}}</ref>

==Healthcare==
In 2014, Jamuria CD Block had 1 block primary health centre, 2 primary health centres and 2 central government/ PSU medical centres with total 93 beds and 20 doctors (excluding private bodies). It had 14 family welfare sub centres. 3,373 patients were treated indoor and 161,780 patients were treated outdoor in the hospitals, health centres and subcentres of the CD Block.<ref name=handbook2014/>

Bahadurpur Rural Hospital, with 30 beds at [[Bahadurpur, Paschim Bardhaman|Bahadurpur]], is the major government medical facility in the Jamuria CD block. Akalpur Block Primary Health Centre functions at Akalpur with 10 beds. There are [[Primary Health Centre (India)|primary health centres]] at [[Churulia]] (with 6 beds), Sirishdanaga, PO Mandi (with 6 beds), Birkulti (with 2 beds) and [[Chinchuria]] (with 6 beds).<ref>{{cite web | url =https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/RH.pdf | title = Health & Family Welfare Department | work= Health Statistics – Rural Hospitals | publisher = Government of West Bengal|access-date = 12 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/PHC.pdf | title = Health & Family Welfare Department | work= Health Statistics – Primary Health Centres | publisher = Government of West Bengal |access-date = 12 May 2020}}</ref>

==External links==
* [http://bardhaman.gov.in/blocks/blocks.htm District map showing blocks]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Municipalities of West Bengal}}
{{Paschim Bardhaman topics}}

[[Category:Community development blocks in Paschim Bardhaman district]]
[[Category:Mining communities in West Bengal]]

Jamuria (community development block) - Revision history

89.178.218.194: fixed lead also and updated info based on references

Kamal Guha: /* Geography */ Map relocated

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