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2022-01-09T02:52:24Z

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>Toddy1: Reverted edits by 2409:4064:71D:ADB1:E055:8D91:307C:9AD1 (talk) to last version by Cassiopeia

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{{Short description|Union territory legislature house in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2018}}
{{Infobox legislature
| name = Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly
| coa_pic = Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly emblem.png
| coa_res = 300px
| foundation = 1957
| preceded_by = [[Constituent Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir|Jammu and Kashmir Constituent Assembly]]
| house_type = Unicameral
| term_limits = 5 years
| leader1_type = [[List of lieutenant governors of Jammu and Kashmir|Lieutenant Governor]]
| leader1 = [[Manoj Sinha]]
| party1 =
| election1 =
| leader2_type = Speaker
| leader2 = '''Vacant'''
| party2 =
| election2 = 31 October 2019
| leader3_type =
| leader3 =
| party3 =
| election3 = 31 October 2019
| leader4_type = Leader of the House <br /> ([[List of Chief Ministers of Jammu and Kashmir|Chief Minister]])
| leader4 = '''Vacant'''
| party4 =
| election4 = 31 October 2019
| leader5_type =
| leader5 =
| party5 =
| election5 = 31 October 2019
| leader6_type = Leader of the Opposition
| leader6 = '''Vacant'''
| party6 =
| election6 = 31 October 2019
| structure1 =
| structure1_res = 300px
| seats = 114 seats (90 seats + 24 seats reserved for Pakistan Administered-Kashmir)
| political_groups1 =
| voting_system1 = [[First-past-the-post voting|First past the post]]
| last_election1 = [[2014 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|25 November to 20 December 2014]]
| next_election1 = [[Next Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|Next]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/new-dawn-for-j-k-begins-two-new-federal-units-take-shape-11572493040564.html|title=Jammu and Kashmir transitions from a state into 2 federal units|first=Shaswati|last=Das|date=31 October 2019|website=Livemint}}</ref>
| website = https://jkla.neva.gov.in/
| constitution =
|native_name=جموں و کشمیر قانون ساز اسمبلی}}

The '''Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly''' also known as the '''Jammu and Kashmir Vidhan Sabha''' is the legislature of [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Home {{!}} National e-Vidhan Application|url=https://jkla.neva.gov.in/|access-date=2021-07-08|website=jkla.neva.gov.in}}</ref>

Prior to 2019, the [[State of Jammu and Kashmir]] had a bicameral legislature with a legislative assembly (lower house) and a legislative council (upper house). The [[Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019|Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act]], passed by the [[Parliament of India]] in August 2019, replaced this with a unicameral legislature while also reorganised the state into a [[union territory]].

The Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir was dissolved by Governor on 21 November 2018. New elections were expected within a period of 6 months but have subsequently been postponed to allow for the implementation of new constituency boundaries. In March 2020, a three-member Delimitation Commission was formed, chaired by retired Justice [[Ranjana Desai|Ranjana Prakash Desai]], for the delimitation of the union territory of Jammu and Kashmir.<ref name=dComissionFormed>{{cite web |url=https://eci.gov.in/files/file/12211-delimitation-of-constituencies-in-jammu-kashmir-assamarunachal-pradesh-manipur-and-nagaland-notification-dated-06032020/ |title=Delimitation of Constituencies in Jammu-Kashmir, Assam,Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur and Nagaland - Notification dated 06.03.2020 - Delimitation - Election Commission of India |newspaper=eci.gov.in |accessdate= 5 February 2021}}</ref> The commission is expected to provide its recommendations within two years of formation (i.e. by April 2022).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://eci.gov.in/files/file/13193-delimitation-of-constituencies-in-jammu-kashmir-notification-dated-03032021/ |title=Delimitation of Constituencies in Jammu-Kashmir - Notification dated 03.03.2021 - Presidential Orders/ Delimitation Commission Orders |website=Election Commission of India |date= 3 March 2021 |accessdate= 5 April 2021}}</ref> {{update after|2022|3}}

==History==
===Praja Sabha===
The first legislature of the [[Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)|princely state of Jammu and Kashmir]], called the ''Praja Sabha'', was established by the government of the [[Maharaja of Kashmir|Maharaja]] [[Hari Singh]] in 1934.<ref name="B">{{Cite web|title=Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly|url=http://legislativebodiesinindia.gov.in/States/J&K/j&k-la-w.html|publisher=National Informatics Centre|access-date=29 August 2010}}{{Dead link|date=January 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> It had 33 elected seats, 30 nominated members and 12 ''ex-officio'' members.<ref>{{citation |first=Mridu |last=Rai |title=Hindu Rulers, Muslim Subjects: Islam, Rights, and the History of Kashmir | publisher=C. Hurst & Co |year=2004 |ISBN=1850656614 |p=274}}</ref>

The [[1934 Jammu and Kashmir Praja Sabha election|first election in 1934]] saw the Liberal Group headed by Pandit Ram Chander Dubey emerge as the largest party and the [[Jammu & Kashmir National Conference|Muslim Conference]] as the second largest (with 14 seats).<ref>{{citation |last=Copland |first=Ian |title=Islam and Political Mobilization in Kashmir, 1931-34 |journal=Pacific Affairs |volume=54 |number=2 |date=1981 |pp=228–259 |JSTOR=2757363}}</ref> Further elections were held in 1938 and 1947.

In 1939, the Muslim Conference party renamed itself to [[Jammu & Kashmir National Conference|National Conference]] under the leadership of [[Sheikh Abdullah]] and opened its membership to people of all religions. It launched a [[Quit Kashmir]] movement in 1946 and boycotted the 1947 election.<ref>{{citation |last=Choudhary |first=Dipti |chapter=The Constitutional Development in the State of Jammu and Kashmir |title=State autonomy under indian constitution a study with reference to the state of jammu and kashmir |publisher=Kurukhsetra University/Shodhganga |chapter-url=http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/32675/7/07_chapter%203.pdf |url=http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/32675/ |pp=60, 69}}</ref>

===Post-accession===
[[File:The Speaker, Lok Sabha, Smt. Meira Kumar addressing the Conference of Presiding Officers of Legislative Bodies in India, at Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir on June 20, 2010.jpg|thumb|Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly in 2010]]
After the accession of the [[princely state]] of [[Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)|Jammu and Kashmir]] to the Union of India in 1947, the Maharaja ceded powers to a popular government headed by Sheikh Abdullah. [[1951 Jammu and Kashmir Constituent Assembly election|Elections]] for a [[Constituent Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir|constituent assembly]] were held in 1951, in which Abdullah's National Conference won all 75 seats.

In 1957, a new constitution was adopted by the constituent assembly, which established a [[bicameral]] legislature consisting of an upper house, the [[Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Council]] and a lower house, the Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly.<ref name="B"/>

In August 2019, a [[Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019|Reorganisation Act]] was passed by the [[Indian Parliament]]. The act reorganises the former state of [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]] into two union territories; [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]] and [[Ladakh]] on 31 October 2019. The union territory of Jammu and Kashmir has a [[unicameral]] Legislative Assembly. The Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Council was formally abolished on 16 October 2019.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/jk-administration-orders-abolition-of-legislative-council-asks-its-staff-to-report-to-gad/1738394/|title=J&K administration orders abolition of legislative council, asks its staff to report to GAD |date=17 October 2019 |access-date=5 February 2021 |agency=PTI |newspaper=Financial express}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://jkgad.nic.in/common/showOrder.aspx?actCode=O32993 |title=Abolition of Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Council in terms of Section 57 of the Jammu and Kashmir Reorganization Act, 2019 |format=pdf |website=jkgad.nic.in |access-date=5 February 2021 }}</ref>

==Composition==
The Legislative Assembly was initially composed of 100 members, later increased to 111 by the then [[Constitution of Jammu and Kashmir]] (Twentieth Amendment) Act of 1988.<ref name="B"/> Of these, 24 seats are designated for the territorial constituencies of the state that came under Pakistani control in 1947.<ref name="B"/><ref name="TOI">{{Cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2006-07-07/india/27807416_1_delimitation-commission-pok-cabinet-meeting|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103085759/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2006-07-07/india/27807416_1_delimitation-commission-pok-cabinet-meeting|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 November 2012|title=Delimitation adds seats to PoK quota|date=7 July 2006|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=6 September 2010}}</ref><ref name="F">{{Cite web|title=Constitution of Jammu and Kashmir |url=http://jklaw.nic.in/pdf/CONSTITUTION%20.pdf |publisher=Government of Jammu and Kashmir}}</ref> These seats remain officially vacant as per section 48 of the then state constitution and now also in The Constitution of India.<ref name="B"/><ref name="F"/> These seats are not taken into account for reckoning the total membership of the assembly, especially for deciding [[quorum]] and voting majorities for legislation and government formation.<ref name="B"/><ref name="F"/> Hence the total contestable and filled seats of the assembly remained 87 of which there are presently 83 seats after the separation of [[Ladakh]] as a [[union territory]] which had 4 seats. The [[Kashmir valley]] region has 46 seats, the [[Jammu Division|Jammu region]] has 37 seats. Delimitation started for all the constituencies of the assembly prior to the [[2021 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly Election]]. Due to the delimitation process, 7 more seats were added to the Jammu division, thus making the total tally 90.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://eci.gov.in/files/file/12211-delimitation-of-constituencies-in-jammu-kashmir-assamarunachal-pradesh-manipur-and-nagaland-notification-dated-06032020|title=Delimitation of Constituencies in Jammu-Kashmir, Assam,Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur and Nagaland - Notification dated 06.03.2020|website=eci.gov.in|date=2020-03-06|access-date=2021-01-05}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thepublish.in/assembly-elections-unlikely-in-jk-till-2021-delimitation-to-begin-by-november-end-reports|title= Assembly Elections unlikely in J&K till 2021, Delimitation to begin by November: Reports|website=www.thepublish.in|date=2019-08-24 |access-date=2021-01-01}}</ref>

===Membership by party===
[[File:Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly (Jun 2018).svg|thumb|right|Composition in June 2018]]
The assembly is currently dissolved.

The composition of the assembly of 83 seats excluding 4 seats from ladakh, prior to dissolution was as follows:

*{{Color box|#0C764F|border=darkgray}} [[Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party|JKPDP]] (28)
*{{Color box|#FF9933|border=darkgray}} [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] (25)
*{{Color box|#FF3D3D|border=darkgray}} [[Jammu & Kashmir National Conference|JKNC]] (15)
*{{Color box|#00BFFF|border=darkgray}} [[Indian National Congress|INC]] (12)
*{{Color box|#86A1DE|border=darkgray}} [[Jammu and Kashmir People's Conference|JKPC]] (2)
*{{Color box|#FF0000|border=darkgray}} [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] (1)
*{{Color box|#DDDDDD|border=darkgray}} [[Independent politician|IND]] (3)

==Tenure and functions==
Members of the Legislative Assembly were elected for a six-year term up to 2019 and five-year term thereafter. The seats are filled by [[direct election]] from single member constituencies using the [[first past the post]] method. The assembly may be dissolved before the completion of the full term by the Lieutenant Governor upon the advice of the [[List of Chief Ministers of Jammu and Kashmir|Chief Minister]]. The Lieutenant Governor may also convene [[special session]]s of the legislative assembly.

==Office bearers==
The Assembly is convened and administered by the [[Speaker (politics)|Speaker]]. The leader of the house is usually the Chief Minister, who is the leader of the party (or coalition of parties) whose members constitute a majority. The leader of the opposition represents the party (or coalition of parties) that has won the second-largest number of seats.

*Speaker:Vacant
*Secretary: Muzaffar Ahmad Wani.

==Attack on the State Assembly Complex==
[[2001 Jammu and Kashmir legislative assembly car bombing|On 1 October 2001]], armed terrorists belonging to Pakistan-based [[Jaish-e-Mohammed]] terrorist group carried out an attack on the Jammu and Kashmir State Legislative Assembly Complex in [[Srinagar]] using a car bomb and three suicide bombers.<ref>[http://www.tribuneindia.com/2001/20011002/main1.htm Fidayeen storm J&K House, kill 29], [[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]], 2001-10-02</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl1821/18210200.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20011128180424/http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl1821/18210200.htm |archive-date=2001-11-28| magazine=Frontline |title=An Audacious Strike |author=Praveen Swami |date=2001-10-13}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Elections in Jammu and Kashmir]]
* [[List of constituencies of the Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly]]
* [[List of districts in Jammu and Kashmir]]
* [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.mapsofindia.com/assemblypolls/jammu-kashmir/ Jammu and Kashmir Assembly elections 2014], mapsofindia.com

{{Jammu and Kashmir elections}}
{{Legislatures of India}}
{{Current Indian assemblies}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Coord missing|Jammu and Kashmir}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jammu And Kashmir Legislative Assembly}}
[[Category:Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly| ]]
[[Category:Politics of Jammu and Kashmir]]

Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly - Revision history

CaitlinBecker07 at 04:52, 11 March 2026

223.190.95.249: /* Composition */

>Toddy1: Reverted edits by 2409:4064:71D:ADB1:E055:8D91:307C:9AD1 (talk) to last version by Cassiopeia