James Hills-Johnes - Revision history

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← Older revision		Revision as of 17:23, 18 June 2022
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	{{Short description\|British general and Victoria Cross recipient}}		{{Short description\|British general and Victoria Cross recipient}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=May ~~2022~~}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=May 2014}}
	{{Use British English\|date=May ~~2022~~}}		{{Use British English\|date=May 2014}}
	{{Infobox military person		{{Infobox military person
	\|name= Sir James Hills-Johnes		\|name= Sir James Hills-Johnes

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← Older revision		Revision as of 17:23, 18 June 2022
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	{{Use dmy dates\|date=May ~~2014~~}}		{{Short description\|British general and Victoria Cross recipient}}
	{{Use British English\|date=May ~~2014~~}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=May 2022}}
			{{Use British English\|date=May 2022}}
	{{Infobox military person		{{Infobox military person
	\|name= Sir James Hills-Johnes		\|name= Sir James Hills-Johnes
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	\|caption= Sir James Hills-Johnes {{circa}} 1900s		\|caption= Sir James Hills-Johnes {{circa}} 1900s
	\|birth_name= James Hills		\|birth_name= James Hills
	\|nickname=		\|nickname=Jemmy<ref name=odnb/>
	\|birth_date= {{birth date\|1833\|08\|20\|df=yes}}		\|birth_date= {{birth date\|1833\|08\|20\|df=yes}}
	\|birth_place= Neechindipur, [[British India]]		\|birth_place= Neechindipur, [[British India]]
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	\|unit= [[Bengal Horse Artillery]]<br/>[[Royal Artillery]]		\|unit= [[Bengal Horse Artillery]]<br/>[[Royal Artillery]]
	\|commands= 3rd Division, Northern Afghanistan Field Force<br/>Military Governor of Kabul<br/>Kohat District<br/>Peshawar Mountain Battery		\|commands= 3rd Division, Northern Afghanistan Field Force<br/>Military Governor of Kabul<br/>Kohat District<br/>Peshawar Mountain Battery
	\|battles= [[Indian Mutiny]]<br/>[[British Expedition to Abyssinia\|Abyssinian War]]<br/>[[Second Anglo-Afghan War]]		\|battles= [[Indian Mutiny]]<br/>[[British Expedition to Abyssinia\|Abyssinian War]]<br/>[[Lushai Expedition]]<br/>[[Second Anglo-Afghan War]]
	\|awards= [[Victoria Cross]]<br/>[[Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath]]<br/>[[Mentioned in Despatches]] (4)		\|awards= [[Victoria Cross]]<br/>[[Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath]]<br/>[[Mentioned in Despatches]] (4)
	\|relations= [[William George Cubitt]] VC (brother-in-law)<br/>[[Lewis Pugh Evans]] VC (nephew)		\|relations= [[William George Cubitt]] VC (brother-in-law)<br/>[[Lewis Pugh Evans]] VC (nephew)
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	==Early life==		==Early life==
	Born '''James Hills''' on 20 August 1833 in Neechindipur, [[Bengal]], [[India]], he was son of James and Charlotte Hills. He was educated at the [[Edinburgh Academy]] (1843–1847), the [[Stewart's Melville College\|Edinburgh Institution]] (1847–1850) and the [[Addiscombe Military Seminary]] (1851–1853), and was commissioned into the [[Bengal Artillery]]. Hills changed his surname to '''Hills-Johnes''' in 1882 on his marriage to Elizabeth Johnes, the younger daughter and coheiress of John Johnes of [[Dolaucothi Estate\|Dolaucothi]], Carmarthenshire.		Born '''James Hills''' on 20 August 1833 in Neechindipur, [[Bengal]], [[India]], he was the son of James and Charlotte Hills. He was educated at the [[Edinburgh Academy]] (1843–1847), the [[Stewart's Melville College\|Edinburgh Institution]] (1847–1850) and the [[Addiscombe Military Seminary]] (1851–1853), and was commissioned into the [[Bengal Artillery]] in 1853. Hills changed his surname to '''Hills-Johnes''' in 1882 on his marriage to Elizabeth Johnes, the younger daughter and coheiress of John Johnes of [[Dolaucothi Estate\|Dolaucothi]], Carmarthenshire.<ref name=odnb/>

	==Military career==		==Military career==
	[[File:James Hill Johnes, VC, Attacking the Enemy (gcf03672).jpg\|thumb\|left\|James Hill-Johnes at the Siege of Delhi]]		[[File:James Hill Johnes, VC, Attacking the Enemy (gcf03672).jpg\|thumb\|left\|James Hill-Johnes at the Siege of Delhi]]
	Hills~~-Johnes~~ was a 23 years old [[second lieutenant]] in the [[Bengal Horse Artillery]] during the [[Indian Mutiny]] when the following deed took place at the [[Siege of Delhi]] on 9 July 1857 for which he and [[Henry Tombs]] were awarded the [[Victoria Cross]]:		Hills was a 23 years old [[second lieutenant]] in the [[Bengal Horse Artillery]] during the [[Indian Mutiny]] when the following deed took place at the [[Siege of Delhi]] on 9 July 1857 for which he and [[Henry Tombs]] were awarded the [[Victoria Cross]]:

	{{quote\|Lieutenant-Colonel Henry Tombs, C.B., and Lieutenant James Hills		{{quote\|Lieutenant-Colonel Henry Tombs, C.B., and Lieutenant James Hills
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	published in the Supplement to the London Gazette of 16 January 1858.)<ref>{{London Gazette\|issue=22131\|page=2050\|date=27 April 1858}}</ref>}}		published in the Supplement to the London Gazette of 16 January 1858.)<ref>{{London Gazette\|issue=22131\|page=2050\|date=27 April 1858}}</ref>}}

	In addition to the Delhi clasp of the [[Indian Mutiny Medal]], Hills~~-Johnes also~~ received the Lucknow clasp awarded to troops under command of [[Colin Campbell, 1st Baron Clyde\|Sir Colin Campbell]] who were engaged in final operations leading to the surrender of [[Siege of Lucknow\|Lucknow]] and the clearing of the surrounding areas from November 1857 to March 1858. He fought in the [[Second Anglo-Afghan War]] (1878–80), and was made military governor of [[Kabul]]~~. Appointed~~ a [[Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath]] in 1881 and ~~advanced to [[~~Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath~~]] in 1893, he later achieved the rank of [[Lieutenant-general~~ (~~United Kingdom~~)~~\|lieutenant general]]~~ in ~~the service of the [[Royal Artillery]]~~.		In addition to the Delhi clasp of the [[Indian Mutiny Medal]], Hills received the Lucknow clasp awarded to troops under command of [[Colin Campbell, 1st Baron Clyde\|Sir Colin Campbell]] who were engaged in final operations leading to the surrender of [[Siege of Lucknow\|Lucknow]] and the clearing of the surrounding areas from November 1857 to March 1858.

			After a number of staff appointments, Hills served as an artillery officer in the [[British Expedition to Abyssinia\|Abyssinian campaign]] of 1867–68 and the [[Lushai Expedition]] of 1871–72. Promoted major-general in July 1879, he fought in the [[Second Anglo-Afghan War]] (1878–80), and was made military governor of [[Kabul]] in October 1879 and commanded a [[Division (military)\|division]] in 1880.<ref name=odnb>{{cite web\|url=https://doi.org/10.1093/ref:odnb/61061 \|title=Johnes-Hills, Sir James ''(on page of: Hills, Sir John)''\|last1=Vetch \|first1=R.H.\|last2=''Revised by: ''Stearn \|first2=Roger T. \|publisher=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography\|access-date=8 September 2021\|isbn=019861411X}}</ref> For services in Afghanistan he was appointed Knight Commander of the [[Order of the Bath]] (KCB) in March 1881.<ref>{{London Gazette\|issue=24944\|page=975\|date=1 March 1881}}</ref> Hills-Johnes was promoted lieutenant-general in January 1884<ref>{{London Gazette\|issue=25312\|page=380\|date=25 January 1884}}</ref> and retired in 1888.<ref name=odnb/> He was made a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath (GCB) in June 1893.<ref>{{London Gazette\|issue=26409\|page=3251\|date=3 June 1893}}</ref>

	==Later life==		==Later life==
	[[File:Hills-Johnes Memorial - Caio.JPG\|thumb\|right\|upright\|Memorial to Lt General Sir James Hills-Johnes in the lychgate of the Caio churchyard]]		[[File:Hills-Johnes Memorial - Caio.JPG\|thumb\|right\|upright\|Memorial to Lt General Sir James Hills-Johnes in the lychgate of the Caio churchyard]]
	Hills-Johnes was [[High Sheriff of Carmarthenshire]] in 1886 and made an honorary freeman of the town of Carmarthen in 1910. He also served as a member of [[Carmarthenshire County Council, 1889-1974\|Carmarthenshire County Council]]. He died on 3 January 1919, aged 85, at his [[Dolaucothi Estate]] and was buried at [[Caio, Carmarthenshire]].		Hills-Johnes was [[High Sheriff of Carmarthenshire]] in 1886 and made an honorary freeman of the town of [[Carmarthen]] in 1910. He also served as a member of [[Carmarthenshire County Council, 1889-1974\|Carmarthenshire County Council]]. He was a long standing friend of [[Frederick Roberts, 1st Earl Roberts\|Lord Roberts]], and in 1900 he accompanied Roberts in a private capacity during the [[Second Boer War\|South African War]].<ref name=odnb/>

			He died of influenza during the post-war pandemic on 3 January 1919, aged 85, at his [[Dolaucothi Estate]] and was buried at [[Caio, Carmarthenshire]].<ref name=odnb/>

	Hills-Johnes~~' family history says his younger~~ brother Charles Hills (1847–1935) was the real father of Hollywood actress [[Merle Oberon]].<ref>{{cite book \|first=Miles \|last=MacNair \|title=Indigo & Opium: two remarkable families and fortunes won and lost \|publisher=Brewin Books \|place=Studley \|year=2013 \|isbn=9781858585178 }}</ref> ~~He was the brother-in-law of Lieutenant [[William George Cubitt]] VC and uncle of Brigadier [[Lewis Pugh Evans]] VC.~~		Hills-Johnes had five brothers and four sisters. The brothers included Major-General Sir John Hills (1834–1902) of the Bombay Engineers;<ref name=odnb/> [[Robert Hills (cricketer, born 1837)\|Robert Hills]] (1837–1909), a [[first-class cricket]]er who was the brother-in-law of Lieutenant [[William George Cubitt]] VC and uncle of Brigadier [[Lewis Pugh Evans]] VC; and Charles Hills (1847–1935), the family history saying he was the real father of Hollywood actress [[Merle Oberon]].<ref>{{cite book \|first=Miles \|last=MacNair \|title=Indigo & Opium: two remarkable families and fortunes won and lost \|publisher=Brewin Books \|place=Studley \|year=2013 \|isbn=9781858585178 }}</ref>

	His Victoria Cross is displayed at the [[Royal Artillery Museum]], [[Woolwich]], London.		His medals, including the Victoria Cross, are displayed at the [[Royal Artillery Museum]], [[Woolwich]], London.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.victoriacross.org.uk/ccrrart.htm \|title=VC locations: victoriacross.org.uk.\|access-date=10 September 2021}}</ref>

	==References==		==References==
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	[[Category:British military personnel of the Abyssinian War]]		[[Category:British military personnel of the Abyssinian War]]
	[[Category:British military personnel of the Second Anglo-Afghan War]]		[[Category:British military personnel of the Second Anglo-Afghan War]]
	[[Category:British Army generals]]		[[Category:British Army lieutenant generals]]
	[[Category:Royal Artillery officers]]		[[Category:Royal Artillery officers]]
	[[Category:High Sheriffs of Carmarthenshire]]		[[Category:High Sheriffs of Carmarthenshire]]
	[[Category:Members of Carmarthenshire County Council]]		[[Category:Members of Carmarthenshire County Council]]

>Anthony Staunton: /* Military career */ Hills-Johnes did not serve in the siege of Lucknow but in operations for its relief and after.

2021-06-29T12:51:11Z

Military career: Hills-Johnes did not serve in the siege of Lucknow but in operations for its relief and after.

New page

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2014}}
{{Use British English|date=May 2014}}
{{Infobox military person
|name= Sir James Hills-Johnes
|image= Hills-Johnes.JPG
|image_size=
|alt=
|caption= Sir James Hills-Johnes {{circa}} 1900s
|birth_name= James Hills
|nickname=
|birth_date= {{birth date|1833|08|20|df=yes}}
|birth_place= Neechindipur, [[British India]]
|death_date= {{death date and age|1919|01|03|1833|08|20|df=yes}}
|death_place= [[Dolaucothi Estate]], [[Carmarthenshire]], Wales
|placeofburial= [[Caio, Carmarthenshire]]
|allegiance= United Kingdom
|branch= [[Bengal Army]] [[British Indian Army]]
|serviceyears= 1853–1888
|rank= [[Lieutenant-general (United Kingdom)|Lieutenant General]]
|unit= [[Bengal Horse Artillery]] [[Royal Artillery]]
|commands= 3rd Division, Northern Afghanistan Field Force Military Governor of Kabul Kohat District Peshawar Mountain Battery
|battles= [[Indian Mutiny]] [[British Expedition to Abyssinia|Abyssinian War]] [[Second Anglo-Afghan War]]
|awards= [[Victoria Cross]] [[Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath]] [[Mentioned in Despatches]] (4)
|relations= [[William George Cubitt]] VC (brother-in-law) [[Lewis Pugh Evans]] VC (nephew)
|laterwork=
}}
[[Lieutenant-general (United Kingdom)|Lieutenant General]] '''Sir James Hills-Johnes''', {{postnominals|country=GBR|size=100%|sep=,|VC|GCB}} (20 August 1833 – 3 January 1919) was a [[British Indian Army]] officer and a recipient of the [[Victoria Cross]], the highest award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]] forces.

==Early life==
Born '''James Hills''' on 20 August 1833 in Neechindipur, [[Bengal]], [[India]], he was son of James and Charlotte Hills. He was educated at the [[Edinburgh Academy]] (1843–1847), the [[Stewart's Melville College|Edinburgh Institution]] (1847–1850) and the [[Addiscombe Military Seminary]] (1851–1853), and was commissioned into the [[Bengal Artillery]]. Hills changed his surname to '''Hills-Johnes''' in 1882 on his marriage to Elizabeth Johnes, the younger daughter and coheiress of John Johnes of [[Dolaucothi Estate|Dolaucothi]], Carmarthenshire.

==Military career==
[[File:James Hill Johnes, VC, Attacking the Enemy (gcf03672).jpg|thumb|left|James Hill-Johnes at the Siege of Delhi]]
Hills-Johnes was a 23 years old [[second lieutenant]] in the [[Bengal Horse Artillery]] during the [[Indian Mutiny]] when the following deed took place at the [[Siege of Delhi]] on 9 July 1857 for which he and [[Henry Tombs]] were awarded the [[Victoria Cross]]:

{{quote|Lieutenant-Colonel Henry Tombs, C.B., and Lieutenant James Hills

Date of Act of Bravery, 9 July 1857

For very gallant conduct on the part of Lieutenant Hills before Delhi, in defending the position assigned to him in case of alarm, and for noble behaviour on the part of Lieutenant-Colonel Tombs in twice coming to his subaltern's rescue, and on each occasion killing his man.
(See despatch of Lieutenant-Colonel Mackenzie, Commanding 1st Brigade Horse Artillery, dated Camp, near Delhi, 10 July 1857,
published in the Supplement to the London Gazette of 16 January 1858.)<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=22131|page=2050|date=27 April 1858}}</ref>}}

In addition to the Delhi clasp of the [[Indian Mutiny Medal]], Hills-Johnes also received the Lucknow clasp awarded to troops under command of [[Colin Campbell, 1st Baron Clyde|Sir Colin Campbell]] who were engaged in final operations leading to the surrender of [[Siege of Lucknow|Lucknow]] and the clearing of the surrounding areas from November 1857 to March 1858. He fought in the [[Second Anglo-Afghan War]] (1878–80), and was made military governor of [[Kabul]]. Appointed a [[Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath]] in 1881 and advanced to [[Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath]] in 1893, he later achieved the rank of [[Lieutenant-general (United Kingdom)|lieutenant general]] in the service of the [[Royal Artillery]].

==Later life==
[[File:Hills-Johnes Memorial - Caio.JPG|thumb|right|upright|Memorial to Lt General Sir James Hills-Johnes in the lychgate of the Caio churchyard]]
Hills-Johnes was [[High Sheriff of Carmarthenshire]] in 1886 and made an honorary freeman of the town of Carmarthen in 1910. He also served as a member of [[Carmarthenshire County Council, 1889-1974|Carmarthenshire County Council]]. He died on 3 January 1919, aged 85, at his [[Dolaucothi Estate]] and was buried at [[Caio, Carmarthenshire]].

Hills-Johnes' family history says his younger brother Charles Hills (1847–1935) was the real father of Hollywood actress [[Merle Oberon]].<ref>{{cite book |first=Miles |last=MacNair |title=Indigo & Opium: two remarkable families and fortunes won and lost |publisher=Brewin Books |place=Studley |year=2013 |isbn=9781858585178 }}</ref> He was the brother-in-law of Lieutenant [[William George Cubitt]] VC and uncle of Brigadier [[Lewis Pugh Evans]] VC.

His Victoria Cross is displayed at the [[Royal Artillery Museum]], [[Woolwich]], London.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
*{{Cite odnb |first=R. H. |last=Vetch |first2= Roger T. (reviewer) |last2=Stearn |title=Hills, Sir John (1834–1902) |origyear=2004 |year=2011 |id=33877 }} (includes details of Sir James Hills-Johnes)
*{{Cite book |first=H. M. |last=Vibart |title=Addiscombe: its heroes and men of note |place=Westminster |publisher=Archibald Constable |year=1894 |pages=608–13 |ol=23336661M }}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hills, James}}
[[Category:1833 births]]
[[Category:1919 deaths]]
[[Category:British recipients of the Victoria Cross]]
[[Category:Alumni of Addiscombe Military Seminary]]
[[Category:British Indian Army generals]]
[[Category:British East India Company Army officers]]
[[Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath]]
[[Category:Indian Rebellion of 1857 recipients of the Victoria Cross]]
[[Category:People educated at Edinburgh Academy]]
[[Category:British military personnel of the Abyssinian War]]
[[Category:British military personnel of the Second Anglo-Afghan War]]
[[Category:British Army generals]]
[[Category:Royal Artillery officers]]
[[Category:High Sheriffs of Carmarthenshire]]
[[Category:Members of Carmarthenshire County Council]]