Jaivana Cannon - Revision history

SanjayMurugesan220: refine intro and cleaned formatting

2026-03-21T11:09:01Z

refine intro and cleaned formatting

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:39, 21 March 2026
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			{{short description\|Large historic artillery weapon in Rajasthan, India}}
	{{DISPLAYTITLE:Jaivana Cannon}}		{{DISPLAYTITLE:Jaivana Cannon}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=~~May 2022}}~~		{{Use dmy dates\|date=December 2023}}
	~~{{short description\|Large historic artillery weapon in Rajasthan, India~~}}

	The '''Jaivana Cannon''' ([[Hindi]]: जयवाण) is a large 18th-century [[cannon]] preserved at [[Jaigarh Fort]], in [[Rajasthan]], [[India]]. At the time of its manufacture in 1720, it was the world's largest cannon on wheels ~~of the [[Early Modern Era]]~~.<ref name="BruynBain20102">{{cite book\|author1=Pippa de Bruyn\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HlqM2CR4vfUC&pg=PA521\|title=Frommer's India\|author2=Keith Bain\|author3=David Allardice\|author4=Shonar Joshi\|date=1 March 2010\|publisher=Frommer's\|isbn=978-0-470-55610-8\|pages=521–522\|accessdate=16 April ~~2022~~}}</ref>		The '''Jaivana Cannon''' ([[Hindi]]: जयवाण) is a large 18th-century [[cannon]] preserved at [[Jaigarh Fort]], in [[Rajasthan]], [[India]]. At the time of its manufacture in 1720, it was the world's largest cannon on wheels.<ref name="BruynBain20102">{{cite book\|author1=Pippa de Bruyn\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HlqM2CR4vfUC&pg=PA521\|title=Frommer's India\|author2=Keith Bain\|author3=David Allardice\|author4=Shonar Joshi\|date=1 March 2010\|publisher=Frommer's\|isbn=978-0-470-55610-8\|pages=521–522\|accessdate=16 April 2011}}</ref>
	[[File:~~Rajasthan-Jaipur-~~Jaigarh-~~Fort~~-Jaivana~~-cannon-Apr-2004-00~~.JPG\|thumb\|300px\|~~Jaivana Cannon~~]]		[[File:Fort Jaigarh 2017-12-29zi.jpg\|thumb\|300px\|Jaivana Cannon]]
			[[File:Jaivan Canon on wheels.JPG\|thumb\|right\|300px\|The cannon from the rear]]

	==History==		==History==
	The Jaivana was manufactured during the reign of Maharaja Sawai [[Jai Singh II]] (1699–1743) at a foundry in Jaigarh~~. The cannon was never used in any battle, as the Rajput rulers of Amer had friendly relations with the [[Mughals]]~~.<ref name="perch">{{Cite web\|title=Jaigarh Fort – Jaipur, India\|url=http://www.cs.utah.edu/~noliver/india/Forts/Jaigarh-AmberFort/Jaigarh.html\|publisher=cs.utah.edu\|accessdate=14 April ~~2022~~}}</ref><ref name="Jaivan">{{Cite web\|title=Jaipur\|url=http://www.jaipur.org.uk/forts-monuments/jaigarh-fort.html\|publisher=Jaipur.org.uk\|accessdate=16 April ~~2022~~}}</ref> The cannon was fired only once, with a charge of {{convert\|100\|kg}} of gunpowder, and when fired was claimed to have covered a distance of about {{convert\|35\|km}}.<ref name="hub">{{Cite web\|title=Jaigarh Fort – Jaipur\|url=http://www.jaipurhub.com/tourist_attractions/jaigarh_fort.html\|publisher=Jaipurhub.com\|url-status=dead\|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713073704/http://www.jaipurhub.com/tourist_attractions/jaigarh_fort.html\|archivedate=13 July 2011\|accessdate=16 April 2011~~\|df=dmy-all~~}}</ref><ref name="Abram2003">{{cite book\|author=David Abram\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kAMik_6LbwUC&pg=PA161\|title=Rough guide to India\|date=15 December 2003\|publisher=Rough Guides\|isbn=978-1-84353-089-3\|pages=161\|accessdate=16 April ~~2022~~}}</ref> It is said that the projectile fired from it made a small lake in Chaksu.~~[[File:Jaivan Canon on wheels.JPG\|thumb\|right\|300px\|The cannon from the rear]]~~		The Jaivana was manufactured during the reign of Maharaja Sawai [[Jai Singh II]] (1699–1743) at a foundry in Jaigarh.<ref name="perch">{{Cite web\|title=Jaigarh Fort – Jaipur, India\|url=http://www.cs.utah.edu/~noliver/india/Forts/Jaigarh-AmberFort/Jaigarh.html\|publisher=cs.utah.edu\|accessdate=14 April 2011\|archive-date=11 March 2014\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140311093126/http://www.cs.utah.edu/~noliver/india/Forts/Jaigarh-AmberFort/Jaigarh.html\|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Jaivan">{{Cite web\|title=Jaipur\|url=http://www.jaipur.org.uk/forts-monuments/jaigarh-fort.html\|publisher=Jaipur.org.uk\|accessdate=16 April 2011}}</ref> The cannon was fired only once, with a charge of {{convert\|100\|kg}} of gunpowder, and when fired was claimed to have covered a distance of about {{convert\|35\|km}}.<ref name="hub">{{Cite web\|title=Jaigarh Fort – Jaipur\|url=http://www.jaipurhub.com/tourist_attractions/jaigarh_fort.html\|publisher=Jaipurhub.com\|url-status=dead\|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713073704/http://www.jaipurhub.com/tourist_attractions/jaigarh_fort.html\|archivedate=13 July 2011\|accessdate=16 April 2011}}</ref><ref name="Abram2003">{{cite book\|author=David Abram\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kAMik_6LbwUC&pg=PA161\|title=Rough guide to India\|date=15 December 2003\|publisher=Rough Guides\|isbn=978-1-84353-089-3\|pages=161\|accessdate=16 April 2011}}</ref> It is said that the projectile fired from it made a small lake in Chaksu, though this is clearly an embellished legend and could not have physically happened.

	The cannon is now located at the [[Jaigarh Fort]], [[Jaipur]], at {{coord\|26\|58\|48.03\|N\|75\|50\|37.29\|E\|}}.		The cannon is now located at the [[Jaigarh Fort]], [[Jaipur]], at {{coord\|26\|58\|48.03\|N\|75\|50\|37.29\|E\|}}.

	==Technical data==		==Technical data==
	{{Unreferenced section\|date=November ~~2022~~}}		{{Unreferenced section\|date=November 2018}}
	The length of the barrel of the cannon is {{convert\|6.15\|m\|ft\|abbr=on}} and it weighs 50 tons.{{~~Source?~~\|date=November ~~2022~~}} The circumference near the tip of the barrel is {{convert\|2.2\|m\|ft\|abbr=on}} and that of the rear is {{convert\|2.8\|m\|ft\|abbr=on}}. The diameter of the bore of the barrel is {{convert\|28\|cm\|in\|abbr=on}} and the thickness of the barrel at the tip is {{convert\|21.6\|cm\|in\|abbr=on}}. The thickness gradually increases as one moves towards the rear of the barrel. The two thick rings on the barrel were used for lifting it with the help of a crane which, though incomplete, is still lying in Jaigarh. A {{convert\|776\|mm\|in\|adj=mid\|-long}} elevating screw was used for raising and lowering the barrel.		The length of the barrel of the cannon is {{convert\|6.15\|m\|ft\|abbr=on}} and it weighs 50 tons.{{Citation needed\|date=November 2014}} The circumference near the tip of the barrel is {{convert\|2.2\|m\|ft\|abbr=on}} and that of the rear is {{convert\|2.8\|m\|ft\|abbr=on}}. The diameter of the bore of the barrel is {{convert\|28\|cm\|in\|abbr=on}} and the thickness of the barrel at the tip is {{convert\|21.6\|cm\|in\|abbr=on}}. The thickness gradually increases as one moves towards the rear of the barrel. The two thick rings on the barrel were used for lifting it with the help of a crane which, though incomplete, is still lying in Jaigarh. A {{convert\|776\|mm\|in\|adj=mid\|-long}} elevating screw was used for raising and lowering the barrel.

	The barrel has floral design. An elephant rests on the tip of the barrel and a pair of peacocks are carved in the centre. A pair of ducks also decorates the rear of the barrel.		The barrel has floral design. An elephant rests on the tip of the barrel and a pair of peacocks are carved in the centre. A pair of ducks also decorates the rear of the barrel.

	Jaivana rests on a high two-wheeled carriage. The wheels are {{convert\|1.37\|m\|ft\|abbr=on}} in diameter. The carriage is equipped with two removable additional wheels for transport. The removable wheels are {{convert\|2.74\|m\|ft\|abbr=on}} in diameter. It is mounted on wheels and has the mechanism of two back wheels mounted on roller pin bearings, to turn it 360° and fire in any direction. A tin shed was built to protect the cannon against weather.		Jaivana rests on a high two-wheeled carriage. The wheels are {{convert\|1.37\|m\|ft\|abbr=on}} in diameter. The carriage is equipped with two removable additional wheels for transport. The removable wheels are {{convert\|2.74\|m\|ft\|abbr=on}} in diameter. It is mounted on wheels and has the mechanism of two back wheels mounted on roller pin bearings, to turn it 360° and fire in any direction. A tin shed was built to protect the cannon against weather.

	About {{convert\|100\|kg\|lb\|abbr=on}} of gunpowder fired a shot ball weighing {{convert\|50\|kg\|lb\|abbr=on}}.		About {{convert\|100\|kg\|lb\|abbr=on}} of gunpowder fired a shot ball weighing {{convert\|50\|kg\|lb\|abbr=on}}.
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	The uses and range of the cannon and cannonballs vary over different sources.		The uses and range of the cannon and cannonballs vary over different sources.

	The Jaivana Cannon was only fired once by ~~the~~ [[Jai Singh II]], as a test-fire in 1720 ~~and the then [[Mughal Emperor]] [[Muhammad Shah]] is known to have attended the event before ousting the [[Sayyid Brothers]] from power~~. The most exaggerated myth claims that the weapon had a range of {{convert\|40\|km\|mi\|abbr=on}}, other sources say it is 35, 22 and {{convert\|11\|km\|mi\|abbr=on}}, although the exact range could perhaps never be determined without adequate scientific computation.{{Cn\|date=November ~~2022~~}} Most sources, including local tourist guides agree that it was fired in the direction of [[Chaksu]].{{Cn\|date=November ~~2022~~}} The impact is said by many locals and tourist guides to be powerful enough to have caused a depression where a pond can be seen today. Legend has it that after it fired, pregnant women living nearby suffered miscarriages.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/offtrack/story/20040712-efforts-on-to-give-facelift-to-foundry-that-built-world-largest-cannon-on-wheels-in-jaipur-790032-2004-07-12\|title=Efforts on to restore foundry that built world's largest cannon on wheels in Jaipur\|website=India Today\|language=en\|access-date=2018-11-25}}</ref>		The Jaivana Cannon was only fired once by [[Jai Singh II]], as a test-fire in 1720. The most exaggerated myth claims that the weapon had a range of {{convert\|40\|km\|mi\|abbr=on}}, other sources say it is 35, 22 and {{convert\|11\|km\|mi\|abbr=on}}, although the exact range could perhaps never be determined without adequate scientific computation.{{Citation needed\|date=November 2018}} Most sources, including local tourist guides agree that it was fired in the direction of [[Chaksu]].{{Citation needed\|date=November 2018}} The impact is said by many locals and tourist guides to be powerful enough to have caused a depression where a pond can be seen today. Legend has it that after it fired, pregnant women living nearby suffered miscarriages.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/offtrack/story/20040712-efforts-on-to-give-facelift-to-foundry-that-built-world-largest-cannon-on-wheels-in-jaipur-790032-2004-07-12\|title=Efforts on to restore foundry that built world's largest cannon on wheels in Jaipur\|website=India Today\|language=en\|access-date=2018-11-25}}</ref> [[File:Jaivana Cannon.webm\|thumb\|Jaivana Cannon]]

	==See also==		==See also==
	{{~~Commonscat~~\|Jaivan Cannon}}		{{Commons category\|Jaivan Cannon}}
	*[[Tsar Cannon]]		*[[Tsar Cannon]]
	*[[List of the largest cannon by caliber]]		*[[List of the largest cannon by caliber]]
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	* R.S. Khangarot, P.S. Nathawat- Jaigarh the invincible fort of Amber(1990), Raj Kmar Parnami, RBSA Publishers, Jaipur		* R.S. Khangarot, P.S. Nathawat- Jaigarh the invincible fort of Amber(1990), Raj Kmar Parnami, RBSA Publishers, Jaipur

	*http://www.journeymart.com/DExplorer/AsiaIS/India/india_addon/fortspalaces/jaigarh.asp		*http://www.journeymart.com/DExplorer/AsiaIS/India/india_addon/fortspalaces/jaigarh.asp

117.192.253.70: robot: Create/upgrade articles. If there is a mistake please report on my talk page.

2022-11-22T11:35:32Z

robot: Create/upgrade articles. If there is a mistake please report on my talk page.

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:05, 22 November 2022
Line 1:		Line 1:
	{{DISPLAYTITLE:Jaivana Cannon}}		{{DISPLAYTITLE:Jaivana Cannon}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=May ~~2012~~}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=May 2022}}
	{{short description\|Large historic artillery weapon in Rajasthan, India}}		{{short description\|Large historic artillery weapon in Rajasthan, India}}

	The '''Jaivana Cannon''' ([[Hindi]]: जयवाण) is a large 18th-century [[cannon]] preserved at [[Jaigarh Fort]], in [[Rajasthan]], [[India]]. At the time of its manufacture in 1720, it was the world's largest cannon on wheels of the [[Early Modern Era]].<ref name="BruynBain20102">{{cite book\|author1=Pippa de Bruyn\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HlqM2CR4vfUC&pg=PA521\|title=Frommer's India\|author2=Keith Bain\|author3=David Allardice\|author4=Shonar Joshi\|date=1 March 2010\|publisher=Frommer's\|isbn=978-0-470-55610-8\|pages=521–522\|accessdate=16 April ~~2011~~}}</ref>		The '''Jaivana Cannon''' ([[Hindi]]: जयवाण) is a large 18th-century [[cannon]] preserved at [[Jaigarh Fort]], in [[Rajasthan]], [[India]]. At the time of its manufacture in 1720, it was the world's largest cannon on wheels of the [[Early Modern Era]].<ref name="BruynBain20102">{{cite book\|author1=Pippa de Bruyn\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HlqM2CR4vfUC&pg=PA521\|title=Frommer's India\|author2=Keith Bain\|author3=David Allardice\|author4=Shonar Joshi\|date=1 March 2010\|publisher=Frommer's\|isbn=978-0-470-55610-8\|pages=521–522\|accessdate=16 April 2022}}</ref>
	[[File:Rajasthan-Jaipur-Jaigarh-Fort-Jaivana-cannon-Apr-2004-00.JPG\|thumb\|300px\|Jaivana Cannon]]		[[File:Rajasthan-Jaipur-Jaigarh-Fort-Jaivana-cannon-Apr-2004-00.JPG\|thumb\|300px\|Jaivana Cannon]]

	==History==		==History==
	The Jaivana was manufactured during the reign of Maharaja Sawai [[Jai Singh II]] (1699–1743) at a foundry in Jaigarh. The cannon was never used in any battle, as the Rajput rulers of Amer had friendly relations with the [[Mughals]].<ref name="perch">{{Cite web\|title=Jaigarh Fort – Jaipur, India\|url=http://www.cs.utah.edu/~noliver/india/Forts/Jaigarh-AmberFort/Jaigarh.html\|publisher=cs.utah.edu\|accessdate=14 April ~~2011~~}}</ref><ref name="Jaivan">{{Cite web\|title=Jaipur\|url=http://www.jaipur.org.uk/forts-monuments/jaigarh-fort.html\|publisher=Jaipur.org.uk\|accessdate=16 April ~~2011~~}}</ref> The cannon was fired only once, with a charge of {{convert\|100\|kg}} of gunpowder, and when fired was claimed to have covered a distance of about {{convert\|35\|km}}.<ref name="hub">{{Cite web\|title=Jaigarh Fort – Jaipur\|url=http://www.jaipurhub.com/tourist_attractions/jaigarh_fort.html\|publisher=Jaipurhub.com\|url-status=dead\|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713073704/http://www.jaipurhub.com/tourist_attractions/jaigarh_fort.html\|archivedate=13 July 2011\|accessdate=16 April 2011\|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="Abram2003">{{cite book\|author=David Abram\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kAMik_6LbwUC&pg=PA161\|title=Rough guide to India\|date=15 December 2003\|publisher=Rough Guides\|isbn=978-1-84353-089-3\|pages=161\|accessdate=16 April ~~2011~~}}</ref> It is said that the projectile fired from it made a small lake in Chaksu.[[File:Jaivan Canon on wheels.JPG\|thumb\|right\|300px\|The cannon from the rear]]		The Jaivana was manufactured during the reign of Maharaja Sawai [[Jai Singh II]] (1699–1743) at a foundry in Jaigarh. The cannon was never used in any battle, as the Rajput rulers of Amer had friendly relations with the [[Mughals]].<ref name="perch">{{Cite web\|title=Jaigarh Fort – Jaipur, India\|url=http://www.cs.utah.edu/~noliver/india/Forts/Jaigarh-AmberFort/Jaigarh.html\|publisher=cs.utah.edu\|accessdate=14 April 2022}}</ref><ref name="Jaivan">{{Cite web\|title=Jaipur\|url=http://www.jaipur.org.uk/forts-monuments/jaigarh-fort.html\|publisher=Jaipur.org.uk\|accessdate=16 April 2022}}</ref> The cannon was fired only once, with a charge of {{convert\|100\|kg}} of gunpowder, and when fired was claimed to have covered a distance of about {{convert\|35\|km}}.<ref name="hub">{{Cite web\|title=Jaigarh Fort – Jaipur\|url=http://www.jaipurhub.com/tourist_attractions/jaigarh_fort.html\|publisher=Jaipurhub.com\|url-status=dead\|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713073704/http://www.jaipurhub.com/tourist_attractions/jaigarh_fort.html\|archivedate=13 July 2011\|accessdate=16 April 2011\|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="Abram2003">{{cite book\|author=David Abram\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kAMik_6LbwUC&pg=PA161\|title=Rough guide to India\|date=15 December 2003\|publisher=Rough Guides\|isbn=978-1-84353-089-3\|pages=161\|accessdate=16 April 2022}}</ref> It is said that the projectile fired from it made a small lake in Chaksu.[[File:Jaivan Canon on wheels.JPG\|thumb\|right\|300px\|The cannon from the rear]]

	The cannon is now located at the [[Jaigarh Fort]], [[Jaipur]], at {{coord\|26\|58\|48.03\|N\|75\|50\|37.29\|E\|}}.		The cannon is now located at the [[Jaigarh Fort]], [[Jaipur]], at {{coord\|26\|58\|48.03\|N\|75\|50\|37.29\|E\|}}.

	==Technical data==		==Technical data==
	{{Unreferenced section\|date=November ~~2018~~}}		{{Unreferenced section\|date=November 2022}}
	The length of the barrel of the cannon is {{convert\|6.15\|m\|ft\|abbr=on}} and it weighs 50 tons.{{Source?\|date=November ~~2014~~}} The circumference near the tip of the barrel is {{convert\|2.2\|m\|ft\|abbr=on}} and that of the rear is {{convert\|2.8\|m\|ft\|abbr=on}}. The diameter of the bore of the barrel is {{convert\|28\|cm\|in\|abbr=on}} and the thickness of the barrel at the tip is {{convert\|21.6\|cm\|in\|abbr=on}}. The thickness gradually increases as one moves towards the rear of the barrel. The two thick rings on the barrel were used for lifting it with the help of a crane which, though incomplete, is still lying in Jaigarh. A {{convert\|776\|mm\|in\|adj=mid\|-long}} elevating screw was used for raising and lowering the barrel.		The length of the barrel of the cannon is {{convert\|6.15\|m\|ft\|abbr=on}} and it weighs 50 tons.{{Source?\|date=November 2022}} The circumference near the tip of the barrel is {{convert\|2.2\|m\|ft\|abbr=on}} and that of the rear is {{convert\|2.8\|m\|ft\|abbr=on}}. The diameter of the bore of the barrel is {{convert\|28\|cm\|in\|abbr=on}} and the thickness of the barrel at the tip is {{convert\|21.6\|cm\|in\|abbr=on}}. The thickness gradually increases as one moves towards the rear of the barrel. The two thick rings on the barrel were used for lifting it with the help of a crane which, though incomplete, is still lying in Jaigarh. A {{convert\|776\|mm\|in\|adj=mid\|-long}} elevating screw was used for raising and lowering the barrel.

	The barrel has floral design. An elephant rests on the tip of the barrel and a pair of peacocks are carved in the ~~center~~. A pair of ducks also decorates the rear of the barrel.		The barrel has floral design. An elephant rests on the tip of the barrel and a pair of peacocks are carved in the centre. A pair of ducks also decorates the rear of the barrel.

	Jaivana rests on a high two-wheeled carriage. The wheels are {{convert\|1.37\|m\|ft\|abbr=on}} in diameter. The carriage is equipped with two removable additional wheels for transport. The removable wheels are {{convert\|2.74\|m\|ft\|abbr=on}} in diameter. It is mounted on wheels and has the mechanism of two back wheels mounted on roller pin bearings, to turn it 360° and fire in any direction. A tin shed was built to protect the cannon against weather.		Jaivana rests on a high two-wheeled carriage. The wheels are {{convert\|1.37\|m\|ft\|abbr=on}} in diameter. The carriage is equipped with two removable additional wheels for transport. The removable wheels are {{convert\|2.74\|m\|ft\|abbr=on}} in diameter. It is mounted on wheels and has the mechanism of two back wheels mounted on roller pin bearings, to turn it 360° and fire in any direction. A tin shed was built to protect the cannon against weather.
Line 23:		Line 23:
	The uses and range of the cannon and cannonballs vary over different sources.		The uses and range of the cannon and cannonballs vary over different sources.

	The Jaivana Cannon was only fired once by the [[Jai Singh II]], as a test-fire in 1720 and the then [[Mughal Emperor]] [[Muhammad Shah]] is known to have attended the event before ousting the [[Sayyid Brothers]] from power. The most exaggerated myth claims that the weapon had a range of {{convert\|40\|km\|mi\|abbr=on}}, other sources say it is 35, 22 and {{convert\|11\|km\|mi\|abbr=on}}, although the exact range could perhaps never be determined without adequate scientific computation.{{Cn\|date=November ~~2018~~}} Most sources, including local tourist guides agree that it was fired in the direction of [[Chaksu]].{{Cn\|date=November ~~2018~~}} The impact is said by many locals and tourist guides to be powerful enough to have caused a depression where a pond can be seen today. Legend has it that after it fired, pregnant women living nearby suffered miscarriages.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/offtrack/story/20040712-efforts-on-to-give-facelift-to-foundry-that-built-world-largest-cannon-on-wheels-in-jaipur-790032-2004-07-12\|title=Efforts on to restore foundry that built world's largest cannon on wheels in Jaipur\|website=India Today\|language=en\|access-date=2018-11-25}}</ref>		The Jaivana Cannon was only fired once by the [[Jai Singh II]], as a test-fire in 1720 and the then [[Mughal Emperor]] [[Muhammad Shah]] is known to have attended the event before ousting the [[Sayyid Brothers]] from power. The most exaggerated myth claims that the weapon had a range of {{convert\|40\|km\|mi\|abbr=on}}, other sources say it is 35, 22 and {{convert\|11\|km\|mi\|abbr=on}}, although the exact range could perhaps never be determined without adequate scientific computation.{{Cn\|date=November 2022}} Most sources, including local tourist guides agree that it was fired in the direction of [[Chaksu]].{{Cn\|date=November 2022}} The impact is said by many locals and tourist guides to be powerful enough to have caused a depression where a pond can be seen today. Legend has it that after it fired, pregnant women living nearby suffered miscarriages.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/offtrack/story/20040712-efforts-on-to-give-facelift-to-foundry-that-built-world-largest-cannon-on-wheels-in-jaipur-790032-2004-07-12\|title=Efforts on to restore foundry that built world's largest cannon on wheels in Jaipur\|website=India Today\|language=en\|access-date=2018-11-25}}</ref>

	==See also==		==See also==
			{{Commonscat\|Jaivan Cannon}}
	*[[Tsar Cannon]]		*[[Tsar Cannon]]
	*[[List of the largest cannon by caliber]]		*[[List of the largest cannon by caliber]]
	*''[[The Pride and the Passion]]—''a 1957 ~~movie where ''~~a'' large ~~fictional~~ cannon has a nearly identical carriage and similar size.		*''[[The Pride and the Passion]]'', a 1957 fictional historical film drama with a large siege cannon that has a nearly identical carriage and similar size barrel.

	==References==		==References==

>Shubhams123: Article cited made no such claims. See talk page for further details.

2021-03-17T10:27:39Z

Article cited made no such claims. See talk page for further details.

New page

{{DISPLAYTITLE:Jaivana Cannon}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2012}}
{{short description|Large historic artillery weapon in Rajasthan, India}}

The '''Jaivana Cannon''' ([[Hindi]]: जयवाण) is a large 18th-century [[cannon]] preserved at [[Jaigarh Fort]], in [[Rajasthan]], [[India]]. At the time of its manufacture in 1720, it was the world's largest cannon on wheels of the [[Early Modern Era]].<ref name="BruynBain20102">{{cite book|author1=Pippa de Bruyn|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HlqM2CR4vfUC&pg=PA521|title=Frommer's India|author2=Keith Bain|author3=David Allardice|author4=Shonar Joshi|date=1 March 2010|publisher=Frommer's|isbn=978-0-470-55610-8|pages=521–522|accessdate=16 April 2011}}</ref>
[[File:Rajasthan-Jaipur-Jaigarh-Fort-Jaivana-cannon-Apr-2004-00.JPG|thumb|300px|Jaivana Cannon]]

==History==
The Jaivana was manufactured during the reign of Maharaja Sawai [[Jai Singh II]] (1699–1743) at a foundry in Jaigarh. The cannon was never used in any battle, as the Rajput rulers of Amer had friendly relations with the [[Mughals]].<ref name="perch">{{Cite web|title=Jaigarh Fort – Jaipur, India|url=http://www.cs.utah.edu/~noliver/india/Forts/Jaigarh-AmberFort/Jaigarh.html|publisher=cs.utah.edu|accessdate=14 April 2011}}</ref><ref name="Jaivan">{{Cite web|title=Jaipur|url=http://www.jaipur.org.uk/forts-monuments/jaigarh-fort.html|publisher=Jaipur.org.uk|accessdate=16 April 2011}}</ref> The cannon was fired only once, with a charge of {{convert|100|kg}} of gunpowder, and when fired was claimed to have covered a distance of about {{convert|35|km}}.<ref name="hub">{{Cite web|title=Jaigarh Fort – Jaipur|url=http://www.jaipurhub.com/tourist_attractions/jaigarh_fort.html|publisher=Jaipurhub.com|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713073704/http://www.jaipurhub.com/tourist_attractions/jaigarh_fort.html|archivedate=13 July 2011|accessdate=16 April 2011|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="Abram2003">{{cite book|author=David Abram|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kAMik_6LbwUC&pg=PA161|title=Rough guide to India|date=15 December 2003|publisher=Rough Guides|isbn=978-1-84353-089-3|pages=161|accessdate=16 April 2011}}</ref> It is said that the projectile fired from it made a small lake in Chaksu.[[File:Jaivan Canon on wheels.JPG|thumb|right|300px|The cannon from the rear]]

The cannon is now located at the [[Jaigarh Fort]], [[Jaipur]], at {{coord|26|58|48.03|N|75|50|37.29|E|}}.

==Technical data==
{{Unreferenced section|date=November 2018}}
The length of the barrel of the cannon is {{convert|6.15|m|ft|abbr=on}} and it weighs 50 tons.{{Source?|date=November 2014}} The circumference near the tip of the barrel is {{convert|2.2|m|ft|abbr=on}} and that of the rear is {{convert|2.8|m|ft|abbr=on}}. The diameter of the bore of the barrel is {{convert|28|cm|in|abbr=on}} and the thickness of the barrel at the tip is {{convert|21.6|cm|in|abbr=on}}. The thickness gradually increases as one moves towards the rear of the barrel. The two thick rings on the barrel were used for lifting it with the help of a crane which, though incomplete, is still lying in Jaigarh. A {{convert|776|mm|in|adj=mid|-long}} elevating screw was used for raising and lowering the barrel.

The barrel has floral design. An elephant rests on the tip of the barrel and a pair of peacocks are carved in the center. A pair of ducks also decorates the rear of the barrel.

Jaivana rests on a high two-wheeled carriage. The wheels are {{convert|1.37|m|ft|abbr=on}} in diameter. The carriage is equipped with two removable additional wheels for transport. The removable wheels are {{convert|2.74|m|ft|abbr=on}} in diameter. It is mounted on wheels and has the mechanism of two back wheels mounted on roller pin bearings, to turn it 360° and fire in any direction. A tin shed was built to protect the cannon against weather.

About {{convert|100|kg|lb|abbr=on}} of gunpowder fired a shot ball weighing {{convert|50|kg|lb|abbr=on}}.

The uses and range of the cannon and cannonballs vary over different sources.

The Jaivana Cannon was only fired once by the [[Jai Singh II]], as a test-fire in 1720 and the then [[Mughal Emperor]] [[Muhammad Shah]] is known to have attended the event before ousting the [[Sayyid Brothers]] from power. The most exaggerated myth claims that the weapon had a range of {{convert|40|km|mi|abbr=on}}, other sources say it is 35, 22 and {{convert|11|km|mi|abbr=on}}, although the exact range could perhaps never be determined without adequate scientific computation.{{Cn|date=November 2018}} Most sources, including local tourist guides agree that it was fired in the direction of [[Chaksu]].{{Cn|date=November 2018}} The impact is said by many locals and tourist guides to be powerful enough to have caused a depression where a pond can be seen today. Legend has it that after it fired, pregnant women living nearby suffered miscarriages.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/offtrack/story/20040712-efforts-on-to-give-facelift-to-foundry-that-built-world-largest-cannon-on-wheels-in-jaipur-790032-2004-07-12|title=Efforts on to restore foundry that built world's largest cannon on wheels in Jaipur|website=India Today|language=en|access-date=2018-11-25}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Tsar Cannon]]
*[[List of the largest cannon by caliber]]
*''[[The Pride and the Passion]]—''a 1957 movie where ''a'' large fictional cannon has a nearly identical carriage and similar size.

==References==
{{reflist}}

== Further reading ==

* R.S. Khangarot, P.S. Nathawat- Jaigarh the invincible fort of Amber(1990), Raj Kmar Parnami, RBSA Publishers, Jaipur

*http://www.journeymart.com/DExplorer/AsiaIS/India/india_addon/fortspalaces/jaigarh.asp

[[Category:Large-calibre artillery]]
[[Category:Artillery of India]]
[[Category:History of Jaipur]]
[[Category:Individual cannons]]