KristineCharlton at 19:33, 15 February 2026

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← Older revision		Revision as of 12:58, 14 August 2023
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	==See also==		==See also==
	~~{{Portal\|Religion\|India}}~~
	*[[Jains]]		*[[Jains]]
	*[[Jainism]]		*[[Jainism]]

>ErASethi: Added content

2021-06-20T15:58:17Z

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{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
{{Infobox religious group
| group = Indian Jains
| image = File:Jain Temple Ranakpur.jpg
| caption = Chaumukha Jain Temple
| pop = 4,451,753 ([[2011 Census of India|2011]])<ref>{{cite web|title=Census of India|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01.html}}</ref><br/>'''0.40%''' (of the total population of India)
| languages = [[Languages of India]]
|pop4=567,028|founder= [[Aadinath Swami]]|flag_caption=[[Jain flag]]|flag=File:In-jain-o.svg|pop5=440,280|region5=[[Jainism in Karnataka|Karnataka]]|region3=[[Jainism in Gujarat|Gujarat]]|region4=[[Madhya Pradesh]]|pop3=579,654|region2=[[Jainism in Rajasthan|Rajasthan]]|pop2=622,023|pop1=1,400,349|region1=[[Jainism in Maharashtra|Maharashtra]]|religions=[[Jainism]]}}
'''[[Jainism]]''' is [[India]]'s [[Religion in India|sixth-largest religion]] and is practiced throughout India.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1140121/jsp/nation/story_17847192.jsp#.VGCbxPmUeSo|title=National minority status for Jains|work=The Telegraph}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-jains-become-sixth-minority-community-1954568|title=Jains become sixth minority community|date=21 January 2014|work=dna}}</ref>

Per the 2011 census, there are 4,451,753 Jains in the 1.21 billion population of India, the majority living in [[Maharashtra]], [[Rajasthan]], [[Gujarat]] and [[Madhya Pradesh]], however, the influence of Jainism has been far greater on the Indian population than these numbers suggest. Jains can be found in every states and union territories, varying from large societies to smaller. The state of [[Jharkhand]], with a population of 16,301 Jains also contains the holy pilgrimage centre of Sammed [[Shikharji]].

==History==
{{main|History of Jainism}}
Jain doctrine teaches that Jainism has always existed and will always exist,{{sfn|Glasenapp|1999|p=15}}{{sfn|Dundas|2002|p=12}}<ref>Varni, Jinendra; Ed. Prof. Sagarmal Jain, Translated Justice T.K. Tukol and Dr. Narendra Bhandari. ''{{IAST|Samaṇ Suttaṁ}}.'' New Delhi: Bhagwan Mahavir memorial Samiti. “The Historians have so far fully recognized the truth that Tirthankara Mahavira was not the founder of the religion. He was preceded by many tirthankaras. He merely reiterated and rejuvenated that religion. It is correct that history has not been able to trace the origin of the Jaina religion; but historical evidence now available and the result of dispassionate researches in literature have established that Jainism is undoubtedly an ancient religion.” Pp. xii – xiii of introduction by Justice T.K.Tutkol and Dr. K.K. Dixit.</ref>{{sfn|Glasenapp|1999|p=24}}{{sfn|Dundas|2002|p=17}} Like most ancient [[Indian religions]], Jainism has its roots from the [[Indus Valley Civilization]], reflecting native spirituality prior to the [[Indo-Aryan migration]] into India.<ref>Larson, Gerald James (1995) ''India’s Agony over religion '' SUNY Press {{ISBN|0-7914-2412-X}}. “There is some evidence that Jain traditions may be even older than the Buddhist traditions, possibly going back to the time of the Indus valley civilization, and that Vardhamana rather than being a “founder” per se was, rather, simply a primary spokesman for much older tradition. Page 27”</ref><ref>Joel Diederik Beversluis (2000) In: ''Sourcebook of the World's Religions: An Interfaith Guide to Religion and Spirituality'', New World Library : Novato, CA {{ISBN|1-57731-121-3}} Originating on the Indian sub-continent, Jainism is one of the oldest religion of its homeland and indeed the world, having pre-historic origins before 3000 BC and the propagation of Indo-Aryan culture.... p. 81</ref><ref>Jainism by Mrs. [[Natalya Romanovna Guseva|N.R. Guseva]] p.44</ref> Other scholars suggested the [[Shramana]] traditions were separate and contemporaneous with Indo-Aryan religious practices of the [[historical Vedic religion]].<ref>{{cite book | title=Jainism: An Introduction | publisher=I.B. Tauris | author=Long, Jeffrey D. | year=2009 | location=New York | pages=45–56 | isbn=978-1-84511-626-2}}</ref> In August 2005, the [[Supreme Court of India]] ruled that Jainism, [[Sikhism]] (and [[Buddhism]]) are distinct religions, but are inter-connected and inter-related to [[Hinduism]], so these three are part of wider broader Hindu religion, based on the historic background on how the [[Constitution of India|Constitution]] had come into existence after.<ref>{{cite web|title=Jains, Sikhs part of broader Hindu religion, says SC |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2005/20050811/nation.htm#1|author=S.S. Negi|date=11 August 2005|publisher=Tribune|access-date=11 August 2005}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=CASE NO.:Appeal (civil) 4730 of 1999 PETITIONER:Bal Patil & Anr. RESPONDENT:Union of India & Ors. DATE OF JUDGMENT: 08/08/2005|url=http://judis.nic.in/supremecourt/imgs1.aspx?filename=27098}}</ref> However, in the 2006 verdict, [[Supreme Court of India]] found that the "Jain Religion is indisputably not a part of the Hindu Religion".<ref>{{cite web|title=Supreme Court of India Committee Of Management Kanya ... vs Sachiv, U.P. Basic Shiksha ... on 21 August, 2006 Author: D Bhandari Bench: S. B.Sinha, Dalveer Bhandari|url=http://indiankanoon.org/doc/1241984/}}</ref><ref>para 25, Committee of Management Kanya Junior High School Bal Vidya Mandir, Etah, Uttar Pradesh v. Sachiv, U.P. Basic Shiksha Parishad, Allahabad, U.P. and Ors., Per Dalveer Bhandari J., Civil Appeal No. 9595 of 2003, decided On: 21.08.2006, Supreme Court of India</ref>

==Status in India==
On January 20, 2014, the [[Government of India]] awarded the minority status to the Jain community in India, as per Section 2(c) of the [[National Commission for Minorities]] (NCM) Act (NCM), 1992. This made the Jain community which makes for 4.5 million or 0.36 percent of the population as per 2011 census, the sixth community to be designated this status as a "national minority", after Muslims, Christians, Sikhs, Buddhists and Parsis.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.livemint.com/Politics/fMzSdy9is9fL2R9QBwWA3I/Govt-grants-minority-status-to-Jain-community.html|title=Govt grants minority status to Jain community|author=PTI|work=livemint.com/}}</ref> Though Jains already had minority status in 11 states of India including Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and Rajasthan, in 2005 a petition was filed with Supreme Court of India, by community representatives, which was also backed by the National Minorities Commission. In its judgement the court left the decision to the Central government.<ref>{{cite web | title = Jains granted minority status|publisher=The Hindu| url = http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/jains-granted-minority-status/article5598368.ece |date=January 21, 2014| access-date = 2014-01-21 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Eye on votes, UPA gives Jain community minority status|publisher= Hindustan Times
| url = http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/after-long-struggle-jains-get-minority-tag/article1-1174960.aspx|date=January 20, 2014| access-date = 2014-01-21}}</ref>

==Jainism by state==
Jainism as a religion exists throughout India. Jainism also varies from state to state, but the core values are the same.
* [[Jainism in Assam]]
* [[Jainism in Bengal]]
* [[Jainism in Bihar]]
* [[Jainism in Bundelkhand]]
* [[Jainism in Delhi]]
* [[Jainism in Gujarat]] ([[Gujarati Jain]])
* [[Jainism in Rajasthan]] ([[Marwari Jain]])
* [[Jainism in Karnataka]]
* [[Jainism in Kerala]]
* [[Jainism in Maharashtra]] ([[Marathi Jain]])
* [[Jainism in Mumbai]]
* [[Jainism in North Karnataka]]
* [[Jainism in Tamil Nadu]] ([[Tamil Jain]])
* [[Jainism in Tulu Nadu]] ([[Jain Bunt]])
* [[Jainism in Uttar Pradesh]]

==Census of India, 2011==
[[File:District wise Jain population percentage India census 2011.png|thumb|District wise Jain population percentage India census 2011]]
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right"
|-
|+States having more than 100,000 Jains in 2011 India Census<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01.html/ |title=Archived copy |access-date=2015-08-26 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150827210435/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01.html |archive-date=27 August 2015 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
|-
!State!!Jain Population (approximate)!!Jain Population (%)
|-
|align=left|[[Maharashtra]]||1,400,349||1.246%
|-
|align=left|[[Rajasthan]]||622,023||0.907%
|-
|align=left|[[Gujarat]]||579,654||0.959%
|-
|align=left|[[Madhya Pradesh]]||567,028||0.781%
|-
|align=left|[[Karnataka]]||440,280||0.721%
|-
|align=left|[[Uttar Pradesh]]||213,267||0.107%
|-
|align=left|[[Delhi]]||166,231||0.99%
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-al
|-
|+ Literacy in India by religion<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-01-04|title=Jains most literate in North, Muslims the least|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/jains-most-literate-in-north-muslims-the-least/story-iKno2PywCvEZbGmguNFg2N.html|access-date=2021-05-16|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref>
|-
!Religion!!Literacy Rate
|-
|align=left|[[Jain]]||94.9
|-
|align=left|[[Christianity|Christian]]||84.5
|-
|align=left|[[Buddhist]]||81.3
|-
|align=left|[[Sikh]]||75.4
|-
|align=left|[[Hindu]]||73.3
|-
|align=left|[[Muslim]]||68.5
|-
|}

{{clear}}

==See also==
{{Portal|Religion|India}}
*[[Jains]]
*[[Jainism]]
*[[List of Jain temples]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==References==
* {{citation |last=Dundas |first=Paul |author-link=Paul Dundas |title=The Jains |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X8iAAgAAQBAJ |edition=Second |date=2002 |orig-year=1992 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |isbn=0-415-26605-X |location=[[London]] and [[New York City]] }}
* {{citation |last=Glasenapp |first=Helmuth Von |author-link=Helmuth von Glasenapp |others=Shridhar B. Shrotri (trans.) |title=Jainism: An Indian Religion of Salvation |date=1999 |location = [[Delhi]] |publisher=[[Motilal Banarsidass]] |url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Jainism.html?id=WzEzXDk0v6sC |isbn=81-208-1376-6 |trans-title=Der Jainismus: Eine Indische Erlosungsreligion }}
*Elst, K. (2002). Who is a Hindu?: Hindu revivalist views of Animism, Buddhism, Sikhism, and other offshoots of Hinduism. {{ISBN|978-8185990743}}

{{Asia in topic|Jainism in}}
{{Jainism topics}}

[[Category:Jainism in India| ]]
[[Category:Jainism by country|India]]
[[Category:Jain communities]]

Jainism in India - Revision history

KristineCharlton at 19:33, 15 February 2026

CleanupBot II: Removed empty portal template using script

>ErASethi: Added content