Jaapi - Revision history

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← Older revision		Revision as of 14:53, 10 March 2022
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	\| caption = A Assamese Jaapi		\| caption = An Assamese Jaapi
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	\| names =		\| names =
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	[[File:Jaapi.jpg\|thumb\|Sarudaya jaapi]]		[[File:Jaapi.jpg\|thumb\|Sarudaya jaapi]]

	~~The~~ '''~~jaapi~~''' or '''~~japi~~''' (~~{{lang-as\|জাপি}};~~ [[Bodo culture\|Bodo]]: Khofri) is a traditional conical hat from [[Assam]], [[India]] similar to ~~the~~ [[Asian conical hat]] ~~which~~ is made from tightly woven [[bamboo]] and/or cane and ''tokou paat'' ([[Trachycarpus martianus]]) a large, [[Palm (plant)\|palm]] leaf. The word ''jaapi'' derives from ''jaap'' meaning a bundle of ''taku'' leaves. In the past, plain jaapi were used by ordinary people in Assam and by farmers for protection from the sun, while ornate jaapi were worn as a status symbol by royalty and nobility. Decorative ''sorudoi jaapi'' are made with intricate cloth designs (primarily red, white, green, blue, and black) that are integrated into the weaving.		'''Jaapi''' or '''Japi''' ([[Bodo culture\|Bodo]]: Khofri) is a traditional conical hat from [[Assam]], [[India]] similar to other [[Asian conical hat]]s is made from tightly woven [[bamboo]] and/or cane and ''tokou paat'' ([[Trachycarpus martianus]]) a large, [[Palm (plant)\|palm]] leaf. The word ''jaapi'' derives from ''jaap'' meaning a bundle of ''taku'' leaves. In the past, plain jaapi were used by ordinary people in Assam and by farmers for protection from the sun, while ornate jaapi were worn as a status symbol by royalty and nobility. Decorative ''sorudoi jaapi'' are made with intricate cloth designs (primarily red, white, green, blue, and black) that are integrated into the weaving.

	==History==		==History==
	~~===Ancient period===~~		[[File:Rice 02.jpg\|thumb\|[[Rice]] farmer in northern [[Cambodia]] wearing a {{lang\|km-Latn\|do'un}} similar to Jaapi]]
	~~Japis have been recorded as far back as the time of~~ [[~~Xuanzang~~]]~~'s visit to Assam when visitors were welcomed with colorful jaapi.<ref>~~{{~~cite web~~\|~~url=http://www.vedanti.com/News/bamboo_products_of_assam.htm \|title=Bamboo products of Assam \|publisher=Vedanti.com \|date=2011-02~~-08 \|~~access-date=2012-05-09~~}}~~</ref>~~

	~~===Medieval period===~~		[[File:Varun Japi.jpg\|thumb\|This is the upper metal part of an ancient Varun (Tupi) Japi known as ''Sula'' used during the rule of Chutia kings kept in the Gharmora Satra.]]

	~~[[File:Varun Japi.jpg\|thumb\|This is the upper metal part of an ancient Varun(Tupi) Japi known as ''Sula'' used during the rule of Chutia kings kept in the Gharmora Satra.]]~~		The medieval [[Chutia people\|Chutia]] kings (a sub-group of [[Bodo-Kachari people\|Bodo-Kacharis]]) used the Jaapi as a cultural symbol. The last Chutia king Nitipal gifted gold and silver embroidered Jaapis to the Ahom king [[Suhungmung]] as presents in his attempts for a treaty in the year 1523.{{sfn\|Khanikar\|1991\|p=100}}<ref>[http://brahmaputra.ceh.vjf.cnrs.fr/bdd/IMG/pdf/parallele_ahom-assamais2-2.pdf "Then the Chutiâ king desired to send silver and gold lipped Jâpi(''Kup-ngiun-kham''),gold bracelets(''Mao-kham''), gold basket(''Liu-kham''), gold ring (''Khup-kham''), gold bookstand (''Khu-tin-kham''), gold pirâ(''Kham-ku''), horse(''Ma''), elephant(''Chang-pai''), and two Âroans(''Phra-nun'') and Xorais(''Phun'') to the Ahom king."]</ref> After annexing [[Sadiya]] in 1524, the Ahom king received a lot of treasure and bounty, which included Jaapis.{{sfn\|Mahanta\|1994\|p=10}} In the year 1525, the Ahom king gifted some of the silver Jaapis obtained from the Chutia king and other items, to negotiate peace with the [[Mongkawng]] chief Phukloimung, a [[Shan people\|Shan]] state in present [[Upper Myanmar]] (called Nora in [[Buranji]]s) who had attacked Sadiya.{{sfn\|Bhuyan\|1960\|p=62}} During the Ahom rule, ''Jaapi-hajiya Khel'' (guild for making Jaapis) was monopolised by Chutias, which indicate that they were experts in weaving Jaapis.<ref>"The Chutiyas were engaged in all kind of technical jobs of the Ahom kingdom. For example, the Khanikar Khel (guild of engineers) was always manneed by the Chutiyas. The Jaapi-Hajiya Khel (guild for making Jaapis) was also monopolished by them."{{harvcol\|Dutta\|1985\|p=30}}</ref> Apart from this, the [[Baro-Bhuyan]]s of Central Assam are also said to have used Jaapis. As per the ''Satsari Buranji'', the Ahom kings adopted the ''Tongali'', ''Hasoti'' and ''Tokou-patia Japi'' from the Baro-Bhuyans.{{sfn\|Bhuyan\|1960\|p=135}}

	The medieval [[Chutia people\|Chutia]] kings (a sub-group of Bodo-Kacharis) used the Jaapi as a cultural symbol. The last Chutia king Nitipal gifted gold and silver embroidered Jaapis to the Ahom king Suhungmung as presents in his attempts for a treaty in the year 1523 A.~~D.<ref>~~Khanikar~~,S. Chutia Jaatir Itihax aru Luko-Sanskriti,~~1991, p.100~~.</ref>~~<ref>[http://brahmaputra.ceh.vjf.cnrs.fr/bdd/IMG/pdf/parallele_ahom-assamais2-2.pdf "Then the Chutiâ king desired to send silver and gold lipped Jâpi(''Kup-ngiun-kham''),gold bracelets(''Mao-kham''), gold basket(''Liu-kham''), gold ring (''Khup-kham''), gold bookstand (''Khu-tin-kham''), gold pirâ(''Kham-ku''), horse(''Ma''), elephant(''Chang-pai''), and two Âroans(''Phra-nun'') and Xorais(''Phun'') to the Ahom king."]</ref>~~<ref>~~[~~https://books.google.co.in/books?id=YELHow5lP9kC&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF Mahanta,S. Assam Buranji.D.H.A.S.,1945, p.9.~~]~~</ref><ref>[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.452171/page/n59/mode/1up?q=%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF Goswami, Hemchandra,''Purani Asam Buranji'',p.41.~~]~~</ref> After annexing Sadiya~~ in 1524 ~~A.D~~, the Ahom king received a lot of treasure and bounty, which included Jaapis.~~<ref>[https://books.google.co.in/books?id=YELHow5lP9kC&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%81%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%80%2C~~ Mahanta~~,S. Assam Buranji.D.H.A.S.,1945,~~ p.10~~.]</ref>~~ In the year 1525 ~~A.D~~, the Ahom king gifted some of the silver Jaapis of the Chutia king and other items, to negotiate peace with the ~~Nora~~ chief Phukloimung who had attacked Sadiya.~~<ref>[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.452953/page/n86/mode/1up~~ Bhuyan~~, Surjya Kumar,''Satsari Buranji'',~~p.62~~.]</ref><ref>[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.450867/page/n62/mode/1up Barua, Gopal Chandra, ''Ahom Buranji'',p.58.]</ref>~~ During the Ahom rule, ''Jaapi-hajiya Khel''(guild for making Jaapis) was monopolised by Chutias, which indicate that they were experts in weaving Jaapis.<ref>"The Chutiyas were engaged in all kind of technical jobs of the Ahom kingdom. For example, ~~teh~~ Khanikar Khel (guild of engineers) was always manneed by the Chutiyas. The Jaapi-Hajiya Khel (guild for making Jaapis) was also monopolished by them.{{harvcol\|Dutta\|1985\|p=30}}</ref> Apart from this, the [[Baro-Bhuyan~~\|Baro-Bhuyans~~]] of Central Assam are also said to have used Jaapis. As per the ''Satsari Buranji'', the Ahom kings adopted the ''Tongali'', ''Hasoti'' and ''Tokou-patia Japi'' from the Baro-Bhuyans.~~<ref>[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.452577/page/n160/mode/1up~~ Bhuyan~~, Surjya Kumar,''Satsari Buranji'',~~p.135~~.]</ref>~~

	==Cultural symbol==		==Cultural symbol==
	Today the jaapi is a symbol of Assam. It is worn in a style of [[Bihu dance]], used as protection against the elements, offered as a sign of respect in ceremonies, and placed as a decorative item around the house, especially in the walls as a welcome sign.~~<ref>~~{{~~Cite book~~\|~~last=~~Handoo\|first=Jawaharlal\|url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Folklore_in_the_Changing_Times/i8VuAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=Japi+is+a+traditional+symbol+of+Assamese+folk+culture&dq=Japi+is+a+traditional+symbol+of+Assamese+folk+culture&printsec=frontcover\|title=Folklore in the Changing Times\|publisher=Indhira Gandhhi Rashtriya Manav Sangrahalaya\|year=2003\|~~location=Orignal from Indiana University\|pages~~=46}}~~</ref>~~<ref>{{Cite book\|url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Assam_General_Knowledge/reuQbFK9Rz4C?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=jAPI+WORN+Bihu+dance,&pg=PA98&printsec=frontcover\|title=Assam General Knowledge\|publisher=Bright Publications\|isbn=9788171994519\|pages=98}}</ref>		Today the jaapi is a symbol of Assam. It is worn in a style of [[Bihu dance]], used as protection against the elements, offered as a sign of respect in ceremonies, and placed as a decorative item around the house, especially in the walls as a welcome sign.{{sfn\|Handoo\|2003\|p=46}}<ref>{{Cite book\|url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Assam_General_Knowledge/reuQbFK9Rz4C?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=jAPI+WORN+Bihu+dance,&pg=PA98&printsec=frontcover\|title=Assam General Knowledge\|publisher=Bright Publications\|isbn=9788171994519\|pages=98}}</ref>

	Originally Japi was an agricultural headgear by farmers to protect themselves from rain or sun's heat. The [[Bodo-Kachari peoples\|Bodo-Kacharis]] having agricultural as the main profession often used them in the rice fields. Similar headgears are also seen to be used all throughout [[East Asia]].<ref>{{Cite book\|title=অসম অভিধান\|last=শান্তনু কৌশিক বৰুৱা\|publisher=বনলতা\|year=2001\|pages=১৪৪–১৪৬}}</ref> [[Bishnu Prasad Rabha]] added Japi dance to Assamese culture through Jaymati movie from [[Boro people\|Bodo]] community's Khofri Sibnai Mwsanai.		Originally Japi was an agricultural headgear by farmers to protect themselves from rain or sun's heat. The [[Bodo-Kachari peoples\|Bodo-Kacharis]] having agricultural as the main profession often used them in the rice fields. Similar headgears are also seen to be used all throughout [[East Asia]].<ref>{{Cite book\|title=অসম অভিধান\|last=শান্তনু কৌশিক বৰুৱা\|publisher=বনলতা\|year=2001\|pages=১৪৪–১৪৬}}</ref> [[Bishnu Prasad Rabha]] added Japi dance to Assamese culture through Jaymati movie from [[Boro people\|Bodo]] community's Khofri Sibnai Mwsanai.
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	* Tupi/Varun japi: Used in rain as protective hats.		* Tupi/Varun japi: Used in rain as protective hats.
	{{div col end}}		{{div col end}}


	==See also==		==See also==
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	==Notes==		==Notes==
	{{reflist}}		{{reflist}}

	==References==		==References==
	* {{Citation \|last=Dutta \|first=Sristidhar \|title=The Mataks and their Kingdom \|publisher=Chugh Publications \|place=Allahabad \|year=1985}}		* {{Citation \|last=Dutta \|first=Sristidhar \|title=The Mataks and their Kingdom \|publisher=Chugh Publications \|place=Allahabad \|year=1985}}
			* {{citation\|last=Khanikar\|first=S\|title=Chutia Jaatir Itihax aru Luko-Sanskriti\|year=1991}}
			* {{citation\|last=Bhuyan\|first=Surjya K.\|title=Satsari Buranji\|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.452953/page/n86/mode/1up\|year=1960}}
			* {{citation\|last=Handoo\|first=Jawaharlal\|title=Folklore in the Changing Times\|url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Folklore_in_the_Changing_Times/i8VuAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=Japi+is+a+traditional+symbol+of+Assamese+folk+culture&dq=Japi+is+a+traditional+symbol+of+Assamese+folk+culture&printsec=frontcover\|publisher=Indhira Gandhhi Rashtriya Manav Sangrahalaya\|year=2003\|location=Original from Indiana University}}

	==External links==		==External links==

223.238.109.45: Boro

2021-05-30T14:52:04Z

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{{short description|Traditional conical hat of Assam, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}}
{{Infobox instrument
| name = Jaapi
| image = Jaapi of Assam.jpg
| image_size = 300 px
| alt =
| caption = A Assamese Jaapi
| background =
| names =
| related =
*''do'un'' ([[Cambodia]])
*''koup '' ([[Laos]])
*''khamauk'' ([[Myanmar]])
*''dǒulì'' ([[China]])
*''nón lá'' ([[Vietnam]])
}}
{{Culture of Assam}}
[[File:Jaapi.jpg|thumb|Sarudaya jaapi]]

The '''jaapi''' or '''japi''' ({{lang-as|জাপি}}; [[Bodo culture|Bodo]]: Khofri) is a traditional conical hat from [[Assam]], [[India]] similar to the [[Asian conical hat]] which is made from tightly woven [[bamboo]] and/or cane and ''tokou paat'' ([[Trachycarpus martianus]]) a large, [[Palm (plant)|palm]] leaf. The word ''jaapi'' derives from ''jaap'' meaning a bundle of ''taku'' leaves. In the past, plain jaapi were used by ordinary people in Assam and by farmers for protection from the sun, while ornate jaapi were worn as a status symbol by royalty and nobility. Decorative ''sorudoi jaapi'' are made with intricate cloth designs (primarily red, white, green, blue, and black) that are integrated into the weaving.

==History==
===Ancient period===
Japis have been recorded as far back as the time of [[Xuanzang]]'s visit to Assam when visitors were welcomed with colorful jaapi.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vedanti.com/News/bamboo_products_of_assam.htm |title=Bamboo products of Assam |publisher=Vedanti.com |date=2011-02-08 |access-date=2012-05-09}}</ref>

===Medieval period===

[[File:Varun Japi.jpg|thumb|This is the upper metal part of an ancient Varun(Tupi) Japi known as ''Sula'' used during the rule of Chutia kings kept in the Gharmora Satra.]]

The medieval [[Chutia people|Chutia]] kings (a sub-group of Bodo-Kacharis) used the Jaapi as a cultural symbol. The last Chutia king Nitipal gifted gold and silver embroidered Jaapis to the Ahom king Suhungmung as presents in his attempts for a treaty in the year 1523 A.D.<ref>Khanikar,S. Chutia Jaatir Itihax aru Luko-Sanskriti,1991, p.100.</ref><ref>[http://brahmaputra.ceh.vjf.cnrs.fr/bdd/IMG/pdf/parallele_ahom-assamais2-2.pdf "Then the Chutiâ king desired to send silver and gold lipped Jâpi(''Kup-ngiun-kham''),gold bracelets(''Mao-kham''), gold basket(''Liu-kham''), gold ring (''Khup-kham''), gold bookstand (''Khu-tin-kham''), gold pirâ(''Kham-ku''), horse(''Ma''), elephant(''Chang-pai''), and two Âroans(''Phra-nun'') and Xorais(''Phun'') to the Ahom king."]</ref><ref>[https://books.google.co.in/books?id=YELHow5lP9kC&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF Mahanta,S. Assam Buranji.D.H.A.S.,1945, p.9.]</ref><ref>[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.452171/page/n59/mode/1up?q=%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF Goswami, Hemchandra,''Purani Asam Buranji'',p.41.]</ref> After annexing Sadiya in 1524 A.D, the Ahom king received a lot of treasure and bounty, which included Jaapis.<ref>[https://books.google.co.in/books?id=YELHow5lP9kC&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%81%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%80%2C Mahanta,S. Assam Buranji.D.H.A.S.,1945, p.10.]</ref> In the year 1525 A.D, the Ahom king gifted some of the silver Jaapis of the Chutia king and other items, to negotiate peace with the Nora chief Phukloimung who had attacked Sadiya.<ref>[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.452953/page/n86/mode/1up Bhuyan, Surjya Kumar,''Satsari Buranji'',p.62.]</ref><ref>[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.450867/page/n62/mode/1up Barua, Gopal Chandra, ''Ahom Buranji'',p.58.]</ref> During the Ahom rule, ''Jaapi-hajiya Khel''(guild for making Jaapis) was monopolised by Chutias, which indicate that they were experts in weaving Jaapis.<ref>"The Chutiyas were engaged in all kind of technical jobs of the Ahom kingdom. For example, teh Khanikar Khel (guild of engineers) was always manneed by the Chutiyas. The Jaapi-Hajiya Khel (guild for making Jaapis) was also monopolished by them.{{harvcol|Dutta|1985|p=30}}</ref> Apart from this, the [[Baro-Bhuyan|Baro-Bhuyans]] of Central Assam are also said to have used Jaapis. As per the ''Satsari Buranji'', the Ahom kings adopted the ''Tongali'', ''Hasoti'' and ''Tokou-patia Japi'' from the Baro-Bhuyans.<ref>[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.452577/page/n160/mode/1up Bhuyan, Surjya Kumar,''Satsari Buranji'',p.135.]</ref>

==Cultural symbol==
Today the jaapi is a symbol of Assam. It is worn in a style of [[Bihu dance]], used as protection against the elements, offered as a sign of respect in ceremonies, and placed as a decorative item around the house, especially in the walls as a welcome sign.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Handoo|first=Jawaharlal|url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Folklore_in_the_Changing_Times/i8VuAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=Japi+is+a+traditional+symbol+of+Assamese+folk+culture&dq=Japi+is+a+traditional+symbol+of+Assamese+folk+culture&printsec=frontcover|title=Folklore in the Changing Times|publisher=Indhira Gandhhi Rashtriya Manav Sangrahalaya|year=2003|location=Orignal from Indiana University|pages=46}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Assam_General_Knowledge/reuQbFK9Rz4C?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=jAPI+WORN+Bihu+dance,&pg=PA98&printsec=frontcover|title=Assam General Knowledge|publisher=Bright Publications|isbn=9788171994519|pages=98}}</ref>

Originally Japi was an agricultural headgear by farmers to protect themselves from rain or sun's heat. The [[Bodo-Kachari peoples|Bodo-Kacharis]] having agricultural as the main profession often used them in the rice fields. Similar headgears are also seen to be used all throughout [[East Asia]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=অসম অভিধান|last=শান্তনু কৌশিক বৰুৱা|publisher=বনলতা|year=2001|pages=১৪৪–১৪৬}}</ref> [[Bishnu Prasad Rabha]] added Japi dance to Assamese culture through Jaymati movie from [[Boro people|Bodo]] community's Khofri Sibnai Mwsanai.

==Types==
{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* Sorudoi japi: Used by women, especially brides.
* Bordoi japi: Used by royalty since ancient times (Kamrupa).
* Panidoi/Haluwa japi:Used by farmers in fields.
* Garakhiya japi: Used by cattle herders.
* Pitha japi: Used as hoods, sometimes during cultivation.
* Tupi/Varun japi: Used in rain as protective hats.
{{div col end}}

==See also==
{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
*[[Conical Asian hat]]
*[[Culture of Assam]]
*[[List of hats and headgear]]
*[[Textiles and dresses of Assam]]
{{div col end}}

==Notes==
{{reflist}}
==References==
* {{Citation |last=Dutta |first=Sristidhar |title=The Mataks and their Kingdom |publisher=Chugh Publications |place=Allahabad |year=1985}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120220023856/http://www.teafestivalassam.com/generalinfo.html Some information about Assamese culture]
* [http://www.onlinesivasagar.com/lifestyle/jaapi.html Facts/Photos on Jaapi ]
* [http://wfs02.wapka.mobi/download-42204-0ab50afd6e16f95f93de/Japi%20borokhunot%20(joonbai).mp4 Download Bihu video]

{{Hats}}
{{Clothing}}
{{Clothing in South Asia}}

[[Category:History of Asian clothing]]
[[Category:Hats]]
[[Category:Textiles and clothing of Assam]]
[[Category:Bamboo weaving]]