https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=Islamabad%E2%80%93New_Delhi_hotlineIslamabad–New Delhi hotline - Revision history2026-08-20T17:03:14ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.43.6https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Islamabad%E2%80%93New_Delhi_hotline&diff=367753&oldid=prevBot: robot: Create/upgrade articles. If there is a mistake please report on my talk page.2022-05-14T16:35:24Z<p>robot: Create/upgrade articles. If there is a mistake please report on my <a href="/wiki/User_talk:Bot" title="User talk:Bot">talk page</a>.</p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{Short description|Direct communication system between India and Pakistan}}<br />
{{EngvarB|date=September 2022}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}<br />
[[File:Thesouthblockdelhi.JPG|thumb|250px|The [[Prime Minister's Office (India)|Prime Minister's Office]] in [[New Delhi]].]]<br />
[[File:House of the Prime Minister of Pakistan in Islamabad.jpg|thumb|250px|The [[Prime Minister's Office (Pakistan)|Prime Minister's Office]] in [[Islamabad]].]]<br />
The '''Islamabad–New Delhi hotline''' is a system that allows direct communication between the leaders of [[India]] and [[Pakistan]]. The hotline, according to the media sources, was established in 1971, shortly after the end of the [[Indo-Pakistani war of 1971|1971 war]].<ref name=Har-Anand>{{cite book|editor-last=Ahmar|editor-first=Moonis|title=The challenge of confidence-building measures in South Asia|year=2001|publisher=Har-Anand|location=New Delhi, India|isbn=8124108404|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2YSwwFp8frsC&dq=new+delhi-islamabad+hotline+1971&pg=PA237}}</ref><ref name="Express India, 1998">{{cite news|last=Malhotra|first=Jyoti|title=The hotline that has cooled Indo-Pak pressures|url=http://expressindia.indianexpress.com/news/ie/daily/19981024/29750024.html|access-date=15 June 2013|newspaper=Express India, 1998|date=24 October 1998}}</ref> The hotline linked the [[Prime Minister's Secretariat (Pakistan)|Prime minister's Office]] in Islamabad via [[Pakistan Army|Directorate-General of Military Operations]] (DGMO) to [[Secretariat Building, New Delhi|Secretariat Building]] in [[New Delhi]].<br />
<br />
The hotline has seldom been used by the military leadership of [[Indian military|India]] and [[Pakistan military|Pakistan]], even at the time of an [[India Pakistan wars and conflicts|escalation of tension]]. It is also called '''Hotline Linkage'''.<ref name=Har-Anand /> In regard to the [[Moscow–Washington hotline]] model, the hotline serves the purpose, as both technological and strategic rationale, for establishing the link between two countries.<ref name=Har-Anand /> The Islamabad–Delhi hotline is a secure communication link over which many procedural operations are obtained in different formats.<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
<br />
According to the Indian media sources, the hotline was established by the governments of [[Government of India|India]] and [[Government of Pakistan|Pakistan]] shortly after the end of the [[Indo-Pakistani war of 1971|1971 war]]. The foreign ministries of [[Ministry of External Affairs (India)|India]] and [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Pakistan)|Pakistan]] signed the mutual agreement for the implementation of the hotline.<ref name="Brookings Institution">{{cite book|author=[[Janne E. Nolan|Janne Nolan]]|title=Cooperation and security in the 21st century|year=1994|publisher=Brookings Institution|location=Washington, D.C.|isbn=0815760981|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-HlbZgdaa94C&dq=new+delhi-islamabad+hotline+1971&pg=PA451}}</ref> The hotline was modelled directly on the [[Moscow–Washington hotline]] which was established in 1963.<ref name=Har-Anand /> The hotline became operational in the 1970s after both countries' foreign ministries transmitted the messages.<ref name=Har-Anand /><br />
<br />
The first usage of the hotline was in 1991 between the militaries of India and Pakistan to work on confidence-building measures.<ref name="Express India, 1998" /> The second usage of the hotline was in 1997, when both countries informed each other on trade issues.<ref name="Express India, 1998" /> In 1998, when both countries had publicly conducted [[nuclear test]]s ([[Pokhran-II]], [[Chagai-I]] & [[Chagai-II]]), the hotline was extensively used between the leaders of both countries.<ref name=Pearson>{{cite book|last=Thorpe|first=Edgar|title=The Pearson General Knowledge Manual|publisher=Pearson|location=New Delhi|isbn=978-8131761908|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I9OyQ9mEpxkC&dq=new+delhi-islamabad+hotline+1971&pg=SL3-PA46|edition=10th|author2=Thorpe, Showick|year=2022}}</ref> Since 2005, the hotline has been used by each country to inform the other of their nuclear missile tests in the region.<ref name="Asia News">{{cite news|last=AsiaNews/Agencies|title=India and Pakistan: A hotline against nuclear risk|url=http://www.asianews.it/news-en/India-e-Pakistan:-a-hotline-against-nuclear-risks-3899.html|access-date=15 June 2013|newspaper=Asia News|date=11 August 2005 <!-- ; 09:31 --> }}</ref><br />
<br />
==Other hotlines==<br />
<br />
There are other hotlines for issues involving [[terrorism]] (established in 2011),<ref name="Telegraph, Uk">{{cite news|last=Dean Nelson, New Delhi|title=India and Pakistan to establish counter-terrorism hotline|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/pakistan/8413946/India-and-Pakistan-to-establish-counter-terrorism-hotline.html|access-date=15 June 2013|newspaper=Telegraph, Uk|date=<!-- 4:12PM BST --> 29 Mar 2022}}</ref> cyber warfare and record communications on prevention of [[Nuclear Risk Reduction Center|nuclear risk]]. The nuclear hotline was set up on 20 June 2004, which was initiated by [[President of Pakistan|President]] [[Pervez Musharraf]] with the assistance of [[United States military]] officers (as advisors) in his regime.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/india-and-pakistan-to-have-nuclear-hotline-732980.html# |title=''The Independent''—Monday, 21 June 2004--"India and Pakistan to Have Nuclear Hotline" |website=[[Independent.co.uk]] |access-date=1 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110904170231/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/india-and-pakistan-to-have-nuclear-hotline-732980.html# |archive-date=4 September 2011 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Moscow–Washington hotline]]<br />
* [[Beijing–Washington hotline]]<br />
* [[Seoul–Pyongyang hotline]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Indo-Pakistani relations|state=collapsed}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Islamabad-New Delhi hotline}}<br />
[[Category:Communication circuits]]<br />
[[Category:India–Pakistan relations]]<br />
[[Category:1971 in politics]]<br />
[[Category:History of the foreign relations of Pakistan]]<br />
[[Category:History of Islamabad]]<br />
[[Category:History of Delhi (1947–present)]]<br />
[[Category:Military communications of India]]<br />
[[Category:Hotline between countries]]</div>Bot