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	[[Category:Iris (plant)\|croatica]]		[[Category:Iris (plant)\|croatica]]
	[[Category:Endemic flora of Croatia]]		[[Category:Endemic flora of Croatia]]
			[[Category:State symbols of Croatia]]
	[[Category:Garden plants of Europe]]		[[Category:Garden plants of Europe]]
	[[Category:Croatian culture]]		[[Category:Croatian culture]]
	[[Category:Plants described in 1962]]		[[Category:Plants described in 1962]]

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{{Short description|Species of flowering plant}}
{{Speciesbox
| image = Iris croatica Botanicki vrt 1 080509.jpg
| genus = Iris
| display_parents = 2
| parent = Iris sect. Iris
| species = croatica
| authority = I.Horvat & M.D.Horvat
}}

'''''Iris croatica''''' is a bearded [[Rhizome|rhizomatous]] species of [[Iris (plant)|iris]] (subgenus ''Iris'') endemic to [[Croatia]].

==Description==
It has branched stems and dark violet flowers.<ref name="anerican"/> Like other irises, it has 2 pairs of petals, 3 large [[sepals]] (outer petals), known as the 'falls' and 3 inner, smaller petals (or [[tepals]]), known as the 'standards'.<ref name=ClaireAustin>{{cite book | first=Claire | last=Austin | title=Irises A Garden Encyclopedia | publisher= Timber Press, Incorporated | isbn = 978-0881927306 | year = 2005 }}</ref>{{rp|17}} The standards are slightly paler than the falls, they have white veining on the throat. It has a beard which is whitish yellow, and the spathes are slightly tinged with red-violet, like those of ''[[Iris aphylla]]''.<ref name="anerican"/>

===Biochemistry===
As most irises are [[diploid]], having two sets of [[chromosomes]], this can be used to identify hybrids and classification of groupings.<ref name=ClaireAustin/>{{rp|18}} It was counted as 4n=48 (making it a [[tetraploid]]).<ref name="signa">{{cite web |last1=Kramb |first1=D. |title=Iris croatica |url=http://www.signa.org/index.pl?Iris-croatica |date=5 September 2004 |publisher=signa.org |access-date=28 February 2018}}</ref>

==Taxonomy==
It was described in 1962 by botanists Ivo and Marija Horvat,<ref name="Zima-Tomašević-2009"/><ref>{{cite journal | first1 = Ivo | last1 = Horvat | first2 = Marija | last2 = Horvat | year = 1961–1962 | language = hr | title = Iris croatica – nova vrsta perunike u Hrvatskoj | journal = Acta Botanica Croatica | volume = 20/21 | pages = 7–20 | publisher = Division of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb | location = Zagreb | issn = 0365-0588}}</ref> in 'Acta Bot. Croatica', Issue 20–21 on page 8.<ref name="anerican">{{cite web|last1=Pries|first1=Bob|title=(SPEC) Iris croatica Horvat|url=http://wiki.irises.org/Spec/SpecCroatica|website=15 September 2016|publisher=American Iris Society|access-date=28 February 2018}}</ref><ref name="ipni">{{cite web|title=Iridaceae Iris croatica Horvat & M.D.Horvat|url=http://www.ipni.org/ipni/idPlantNameSearch.do?id=438516-1|publisher=ipni.org ([[International Plant Names Index]])|access-date=28 February 2018}}</ref> Then in 1981, [[Brian Mathew]] in his book 'The iris', reclassified it a synonym of ''[[Iris germanica]]''.<ref name="anerican"/><ref>{{cite web|title=Iris × croatica Horvat & M.D.Horvat is a synonym of Iris × germanica L.|url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-321730|publisher=plantlist.org|access-date=28 February 2018}}</ref><ref>T. K. Lim {{google books|4WMCwAAQBAJ|Edible Medicinal and Non-Medicinal Plants: Volume 11 Modified Stems, Roots ... |page=27}}</ref>

==Distribution and habitat==
''Iris croatica'' is [[native plant|native]] to [[temperateness|temperate]] areas of Europe.

===Range===
It is found in Croatia and Slovenia.<ref name="signa"/>
It grows mostly in the woods of [[Quercus pubescens|downy oak]] (''Quercus pubescens'') and [[Ostrya carpinifolia|black hophornbeam]] (''Ostrya carpinifolia'') on [[Dolomite (rock)|dolomite]] and [[limestone]] soils.<ref name="Zima-Tomašević-2009">{{cite journal | url = http://hrcak.srce.hr/index.php?show=clanak&id_clanak_jezik=50903&lang=en | language = hr | first1 = Dinko | last1 = Zima | first2 = Mirko | last2 = Tomašević | title = Locality of the species Iris croatica Horvat et Horvat, M. in Požega Valley | journal = Agronomy Journal | volume = 70 | number = 5 |date=January 2009 | page = 513 | issn = 0002-1954 | publisher = Croatian society of agronomists | location = Zagreb, Croatia | access-date = 2012-06-06}}</ref> It is known from hilly parts of continental [[Croatia]] including the hills of [[Samoborsko gorje]] (near [[Samobor]]), the hill [[Cesargradska gora]] (near [[Klanjec]]), near [[Josipdol]], on the hill of [[Strahinjčica]] (near [[Radoboj]]), and at [[Medvednica|Zagrebačko gorje]] and [[Žumberak|Žumberačko gorje]].<ref name="Zima-Tomašević-2009"/>

It is on the Croatian list of strictly protected plants, among nine ''Iridaceae'' species.<ref>{{cite journal | url = http://narodne-novine.nn.hr/clanci/sluzbeni/312546.html | language = hr | journal = [[Narodne novine]] | issue = 4/100 | date = 2004-07-20 | author = Ministry of Culture (Croatia) | title = Pravilnik o skupljanju samoniklih biljaka u svrhu prerade, trgovine i drugog prometa | access-date = 2012-06-06| author-link = Ministry of Culture (Croatia) }}</ref>

It is unofficially known as the [[national flower]] of Croatia.<ref>James Minahan {{google books|jfrWCQAAQBAJ|The Complete Guide to National Symbols and Emblems (2 Volumes)|page=364}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Iris croatica|position=left}}

{{Iris subg. Iris}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q6070345}}

[[Category:Iris (plant)|croatica]]
[[Category:Endemic flora of Croatia]]
[[Category:Garden plants of Europe]]
[[Category:Croatian culture]]
[[Category:Plants described in 1962]]

Iris croatica - Revision history

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