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{{Short description|International organization of national parliaments}}
{{Infobox organization
| logo = file:New_IPU-e.jpg
| status = International organization
| headquarters = [[Geneva, Switzerland|Geneva]], [[Switzerland]]
| leader_title = [[President (corporation)|President]]
| leader_name = [[Duarte Pacheco]]<ref>{{cite web |title=President |url=https://www.ipu.org/about-ipu/structure-and-governance/president |website=Inter-Parliamentary Union |access-date=30 November 2021}}</ref>
| leader_title2 = [[Secretary General]]
| leader_name2 = [[Martin Chungong]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Secretary General |url=https://www.ipu.org/about-ipu/structure-and-governance/secretary-general |website=Inter-Parliamentary Union |access-date=30 November 2021}}</ref>
| name = Inter-Parliamentary Union
| founder = [[Frédéric Passy]],<br /> [[William Randal Cremer]]
| founded = {{start date and age|1889}}
| mission = To promote [[democracy]] and inter-parliamentary dialogue
| website = {{URL|http://www.ipu.org/}}
}}
The '''Inter-Parliamentary Union''' ('''IPU'''; {{lang-fr|Union Interparlementaire}}, '''UIP''') is an [[inter-parliamentary institution|international organization of national parliaments.]] Its primary purpose is to promote democratic governance, [[accountability]], and cooperation among its members; other initiatives include advancing gender parity among legislatures, empowering youth participation in politics, and [[sustainable development]].

The organization was established in 1889 as the '''Inter-Parliamentary Congress'''. Its founders were statesmen [[Frédéric Passy]] of [[France]] and [[William Randal Cremer]] of the [[United Kingdom]], who sought to create the first permanent forum for political multilateral negotiations. Initially, IPU membership was reserved for individual [[Member of Parliament|parliamentarians]], but has since transformed to include the legislatures of sovereign states. As of 2020, the national parliaments of 179 countries are members of the IPU, while 13 regional parliamentary assemblies are associate members.<ref name="Members">{{Cite news|title=Members|language=en|work=Inter-Parliamentary Union|url=https://www.ipu.org/about-us/members|access-date=2017-12-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Матвиенко избрана председателем ассамблеи Межпарламентского союза|language=ru|work=ТАСС|url=http://tass.ru/politika/4646881|access-date=2017-10-17}}</ref>

The IPU facilitates the development of international law and institutions, strengthening the foundations and enhancing the vision for peace and the common good, including the [[Permanent Court of Arbitration]], the [[League of Nations]], and the [[United Nations]]. It also sponsors and takes part in international conferences and forums, and has permanent [[United Nations General Assembly observers#Other entities|observer status at the United Nations General Assembly]]. Consequently, eight individuals associated with the organization are [[List of Nobel Peace Prize laureates|Nobel Peace Prize laureates]].

==History==

The organisation's initial objective was the arbitration of conflicts. The IPU played an important part in setting up the [[Permanent Court of Arbitration]] in [[The Hague]]. Over time, its mission has evolved towards the promotion of [[democracy]] and inter-parliamentary dialogue. The IPU has worked for establishment of institutions at the inter-governmental level, including the [[United Nations]], an organization with which it cooperates and with which it has permanent observer status.

The headquarters of the union have been moved several times since its inception.
Locations:
*1892–1911: [[Bern]] (Switzerland)
*1911–1914: [[Brussels]] (Belgium)
*1914–1920: [[Oslo]] (Norway)
*1921–present: [[Geneva]] (Switzerland)

Eight leading personalities of the IPU have received [[Nobel Peace Prize]]s:

*1901: [[Frédéric Passy]] (France)
*1902: [[Charles Albert Gobat]] (Switzerland)
*1903: [[Randal Cremer]] (United Kingdom)
*1908: [[Fredrik Bajer]] (Denmark)
*1909: [[Auguste Marie François Beernaert]] (Belgium)
*1913: [[Henri La Fontaine]] (Belgium)
*1921: [[Christian Lous Lange|Christian Lange]] (Norway)
*1927: [[Ferdinand Buisson]] (France)

== Members and organization ==

===Members===
[[File:Inter-Parliamentary Union Members.png|thumb|right|300px|Map of IPU member states]]

* Regional parliamentary assemblies may be admitted by the Governing Council as Associate Members
* Every Parliament constituted in conformity with the laws of a sovereign State whose population it represents and on whose territory it functions may request affiliation to the Inter-Parliamentary Union. The decision to admit or readmit a Parliament shall be taken by the Governing Council.

It is the duty of the Members of the IPU to submit the resolutions of the IPU within their respective Parliament, in the most appropriate form; to communicate them to the Government; to stimulate their implementation and to inform the IPU Secretariat, as often and fully as possible, particularly in its annual reports, as to the steps taken and the results obtained.

As it can be seen on the map, mostly all the countries in the world have a parliament member of IPU, with the notable exception of the United States, although the 12th (1904), the 23rd (1925) and the 42nd (1953) conferences were hosted in the US.

;Associate Members
The participating [[International parliament|parliamentary assemblies]] other than [[national parliament]]s are the following:<ref name="Members"/>
{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background:#ececec; vertical-align:top;"
|'''Name'''
|'''Related organization'''
|-
|[[Andean Parliament]]
|[[Andean Community of Nations|CAN]]
|-
|[[Central American Parliament]]
|[[Central American Integration System|SICA]]
|-
|[[East African Legislative Assembly]]
|[[East African Community|EAC]]
|-
|[[European Parliament]]
|[[European Union|EU]]
|-
|Inter-parliamentary Assembly of Member Nations of the Commonwealth of Independent States
|[[Commonwealth of Independent States|CIS]]
|-
|[[Interparliamentary Assembly on Orthodoxy]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://eiao.org/archives/999|title=HISTORY OF THE IAO|language=en|access-date=2020-01-07|archive-date=2015-04-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402134913/http://eiao.org/archives/999|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|none
|-
|Inter-Parliamentary Committee of the West African Economic and Monetary Union
|[[West African Economic and Monetary Union|UEMOA]]
|-
|[[Latin American Parliament]]
|none <ref group=note>Multiple regional organizations in [[Latin America]] such as the [[Rio Group]], [[Latin American Economic System]] and [[Latin American Integration Association]] have similar membership.</ref>
|-
|Parliamentary Assembly of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation
|[[Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation|BSEC]]
|-
|Parliament of the Economic Community of West African States
|[[Economic Community of West African States|ECOWAS]]
|-
|Parliament of the Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa
|[[CEMAC]]
|-
|[[Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe]]
|[[Council of Europe|CoE]]
|-
|[[Arab Parliament|Transitional Arab Parliament]]
|[[League of Arab States|AL]]
|}

=== Organs ===

[[Image:IPU Building2010.jpg|thumb|right|Headquarters of the IPU in Geneva (2010)]]

The organs of the Inter-Parliamentary Union are:

* '''Assembly.''' Meeting biannually, the Assembly is composed of parliamentarians designated as delegates by the Members. The Assembly is assisted in its work by Standing Committees, whose number and terms of reference are determined by the Governing Council; Standing Committees shall normally prepare reports and draft resolutions for the Assembly. No one delegate may record more than ten votes.
* '''Governing Council'''. The Governing Council normally holds two sessions a year. The Governing Council is composed of three representatives from each Member. The term of office of a member of the Governing Council lasts from one Assembly to the next and all the members of the Governing Council must be sitting members of Parliament. The Governing Council elects the President of the Inter-Parliamentary Union for a period of three years. It also elects the members of the executive committee and appoints the Secretary General of the Union.
* '''Executive Committee'''. The executive committee is composed of the President of the Inter-Parliamentary Union, 15 members belonging to different Parliaments (elected by the Governing Council; not less than 12 are elected from among the members of the Governing Council) and the President of the Coordinating Committee of the Meeting of Women Parliamentarians. The fifteen elected seats are assigned to the geopolitical groups. Only parliamentarians from States where women have both the right to vote and the right to stand for election are eligible to the executive committee. The executive committee is the administrative organ of the Inter-Parliamentary Union. The current President is [[Gabriela Cuevas Barron]] of [[Mexico]], who was elected to a three-year mandate in October 2017 at the 201st session of the Governing Council of the IPU in Geneva.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Election of the President of the Inter-Parliamentary Union|url=http://archive.ipu.org/cnl-e/201/15-p1.pdf}}</ref>
* '''Secretariat.''' The Secretariat constitutes the totality of the staff of the organisation under the direction of the Secretary General, currently Martin Chungong of Cameroon.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Secretary General|url=https://www.ipu.org/about-ipu/structure-and-governance/secretary-general|access-date=2020-08-25|website=Inter-Parliamentary Union|language=en}}</ref>

The Association of Secretaries General of Parliaments is a consultative body of the Inter-Parliamentary Union.

== Conferences ==
[[File:Berlin Plaque Medal 1908 Inter-Parliamentary Union.jpg|thumb|[[Art Nouveau]] [[medal|plaque-medallion]] for the 15th Inter-Parliamentary Conference 1908 in [[Berlin]]]]
The IPU Assembly (formerly known as the Inter-Parliamentary Conference) is the principal statutory body that expresses the views of the Inter-Parliamentary Union on political issues.<ref>[http://www.ipu.org/strct-e/lstconf.htm Statutory Assemblies] at IPU official website. Accessed 24 February 2014</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! # !! Host City!!Host Country !! Year
|-
| 141st||[[Belgrade]]||{{flag|Serbia}}|| 2019
|-
| 140th||[[Doha]]||{{flag|Qatar}}|| 2019
|-
| 139th||[[Geneva]]||{{flag|Switzerland}}|| 2018
|-
| 138th||[[Geneva]]||{{flag|Switzerland}}|| 2018
|-
| 137th||[[St. Petersburg]]||{{flag|Russia}}|| 2017
|-
| 136th||[[Dhaka]]||{{flag|Bangladesh}}|| 2017
|-
| 135th||[[Geneva]]||{{flag|Switzerland}}|| 2016
|-
| 134th||[[Lusaka]]||{{flag|Zambia}}|| 2016
|-
| 133rd||[[Geneva]]||{{flag|Switzerland}}|| 2015
|-
| 132nd||[[Hanoi]]||{{flag|Vietnam}} || 2015
|-
| 131st||[[Geneva]]||{{flag|Switzerland}} <ref>{{cite web
| title = Cameroon: Ipu Urges Members to Stem Indefensible Terrorism and to Protect Human Rights
| work = allAfrica.com - PR Newswire
| access-date = 2014-10-21
| url = http://allafrica.com/stories/201410171491.html
}}</ref>|| 2014
|-
| 130th||[[Geneva]]||{{flag|Switzerland}}|| 2014
|-
| 129th||[[Geneva]]||{{flag|Switzerland}}|| 2013
|-
| 128th||[[Quito]]||{{flag|Ecuador}}|| 2013
|-
| [[127th Assembly of the Inter-Parliamentary Union|127th]]||[[Quebec City]]||{{flag|Canada}}|| 2012
|-
| 126th||[[Kampala]]||{{flag|Uganda}}||2012
|-
| 125th||[[Bern]]||{{flag|Switzerland}}||2011
|-
| 124th||[[Panama city]]||{{flag|Panama}}||2011
|-
| 123rd||[[Geneva]]||{{flag|Switzerland}}||2010
|-
| 122nd||[[Bangkok]]||{{flag|Thailand}}||2010
|-
| 121st||[[Geneva]]||{{flag|Switzerland}}||2009
|-
| 120th||[[Addis Ababa]]||{{flag|Ethiopia}}||2009
|-
| 119th||[[Geneva]]||{{flag|Switzerland}}||2008
|-
| 118th||[[Cape Town]]||{{flag|South Africa}}||2008
|-
| 117th||[[Geneva]]||{{flag|Switzerland}}||2007
|-
| 116th||[[Nusa Dua]], [[Bali]]||{{flag|Indonesia}}||2007
|-
| 115th||[[Geneva]]||{{flag|Switzerland}}||2006
|-
| 114th||[[Nairobi]]||{{flag|Kenya}}||2006
|-
| 113th||[[Geneva]]||{{flag|Switzerland}}||2005
|-
| 112th||[[Manila]]||{{flag|Philippines}}||2005
|-
| 111th||[[Geneva]]||{{flag|Switzerland}}||2004
|-
| 110th||[[Mexico]]||{{flag|Mexico}}||2004
|-
| 109th||[[Geneva]]||{{flag|Switzerland}}||2003
|-
| 108th||[[Santiago]]||{{flag|Chile}}||2003
|-
| 107th||[[Marrakesh]]||{{flag|Morocco}}||2002
|-
| 106th||[[Ouagadougou]]||{{flag|Burkina Faso}}||2001
|-
| 105th||[[Havana]]||{{flag|Cuba}}||2001
|-
| 104th||[[Jakarta]]||{{flag|Indonesia}}||2000
|-
| 103rd||[[Amman]]||{{flag|Jordan}}||2000
|-
| 102nd||[[Berlin]]||{{flag|Germany}}||1999
|-
| 101st||[[Brussels]]||{{flag|Belgium}}||1999
|-
| 100th||[[Moscow]]||{{flag|Russia}}||1998
|-
| 99th||[[Windhoek]]||{{flag|Namibia}}||1998
|-
| 98th||[[Cairo]]||{{flag|Egypt}}||1997
|-
| 97th||[[Seoul]]||{{flag|South Korea}}||1997
|-
| 96th||[[Beijing]]||{{flag|China}}||1996
|-
| 95th||[[Istanbul]]||{{flag|Turkey}}||1996
|-
| 94th||[[Bucharest]]||{{flag|Romania}}||1995
|-
| 93rd||[[Madrid]]||{{flag|Spain}}||1995
|-
| 92nd||[[Copenhagen]]||{{flag|Denmark}}||1994
|-
| 91st||[[Paris]]||{{flag|France}}||1994
|-
| 90th||[[Canberra]]||{{flag|Australia}}||1993
|-
| 89th||[[New Delhi]]||{{flag|India}}||1993
|-
| 88th||[[Stockholm]]||{{flag|Sweden}}||1992
|-
| 87th||[[Yaoundé]]||{{flag|Cameroon}}||1992
|-
| 86th||[[Santiago]]||{{flag|Chile}}||1991
|-
| 85th||[[Pyongyang]]||{{flag|North Korea}}||1991
|-
| 84th||[[Punta del Este]]||{{flag|Uruguay}}||1990
|-
| 83rd||[[Nicosia]]||{{flag|Cyprus}}||1990
|-
| 82nd||[[London]]||{{flag|United Kingdom}}||1989
|-
| 81st||[[Budapest]]||{{flag|Hungary}}||1989
|-
| 80th||[[Sofia]]||{{flag|Bulgaria|1971}}||1988
|-
| 79th||[[Guatemala City]]||{{flag|Guatemala}}||1988
|-
| 78th||[[Bangkok]]||{{flag|Thailand}}||1987
|-
| 77th||[[Managua]]||{{flag|Nicaragua}}||1987
|-
| 76th||[[Buenos Aires]]||{{flag|Argentina}}||1986
|-
| 75th||[[Mexico City]]||{{flag|Mexico}}||1986
|-
| 74th||[[Ottawa]]||{{flag|Canada}}||1985
|-
| 73rd||[[Lomé]]||{{flag|Togo}}||1985
|-
| 72nd||[[Geneva]]||{{flag|Switzerland}}||1984
|-
| 71st||[[Geneva]]||{{flag|Switzerland}}||1984
|-
| 70th||[[Seoul]]||{{flag|South Korea}}||1983
|-
| 69th||[[Rome]]||{{flag|Italy}}||1982
|-
| 68th||[[Havana]]||{{flag|Cuba}}||1981
|-
| 67th||[[Berlin]]||{{flag|East Germany}}||1980
|-
| 66th||[[Caracas]]||{{flag|Venezuela|1954}}||1979
|-
| 65th||[[Bonn]]||{{flag|Germany}}||1978
|-
| 64th||[[Sofia]]||{{flag|Bulgaria|1971}}||1977
|-
| 63rd||[[Madrid]]||{{flag|Spain|1945}}||1976
|-
| 62nd||[[London]]||{{flag|United Kingdom}}||1975
|-
| 61st||[[Tokyo]]||{{flag|Japan|1870}}||1974
|-
| 60th||[[Rome]]||{{flag|Italy}}||1972
|-
| 59th||[[Paris]]||{{flag|France}}||1971
|-
| 58th||[[The Hague]]||{{flag|Netherlands}}||1970
|-
| 57th||[[New Delhi]]||{{flag|India}}||1969
|-
| 56th||[[Lima]]||{{flag|Peru}}||1968
|-
| 55th||[[Tehran]]||{{flag|Iran|1964}}||1966
|-
| 54th||[[Ottawa]]||{{flag|Canada}}||1965
|-
| 53rd||[[Copenhagen]]||{{flag|Denmark}}||1964
|-
| 52nd||[[Belgrade]]||{{flag|Yugoslavia}}||1963
|-
| 51st||[[Brasilia]]||{{flag|Brazil|1960}}||1962
|-
| 50th||[[Brussels]]||{{flag|Belgium}}||1961
|-
| 49th||[[Tokyo]]||{{flag|Japan|1870}}||1960
|-
| 48th||[[Warsaw]]||{{flag|Poland}}||1959
|-
| 47th||[[Rio de Janeiro]]||{{flag|Brazil}}||1958
|-
| 46th||[[London]]||{{flag|United Kingdom}}||1957
|-
| 45th||[[Bangkok]]||{{flag|Thailand}}||1956
|-
| 44th||[[Helsinki]]||{{flag|Finland}}||1955
|-
| 43rd||[[Vienna]]||{{flag|Austria}}||1954
|-
| 42nd||[[Washington, D.C.]]||{{flag|United States|1912}}||1953
|-
| 41st||[[Bern]]||{{flag|Switzerland}}||1952
|-
| 40th||[[Istanbul]]||{{flag|Turkey}}||1951
|-
| 39th||[[Dublin]]||{{flag|Ireland}}||1950
|-
| 38th||[[Stockholm]]||{{flag|Sweden}}||1949
|-
| 37th||[[Rome]]||{{flag|Italy}}||1948
|-
| 36th||[[Cairo]]||{{flag|Egypt|1922}}||1947
|-
| 35th||[[Oslo]]||{{flag|Norway}}||1939
|-
| 34th||[[The Hague]]||{{flag|Netherlands}}||1938
|-
| 33rd||[[Paris]]||{{flag|France}}||1937
|-
| 32nd||[[Budapest]]||{{flag|Hungary|1920}}||1936
|-
| 31st||[[Brussels]]||{{flag|Belgium}}||1935
|-
| 30th||[[Istanbul]]||{{flag|Turkey}}||1934
|-
| 29th||[[Madrid]]||{{flag|Spain|1931}}||1933
|-
| 28th||[[Geneva]]||{{flag|Switzerland}}||1932
|-
| 27th||[[Bucharest]]||{{flag|Romania}}||1931
|-
| 26th||[[London]]||{{flag|United Kingdom}}||1930
|-
| 25th||[[Berlin]]||{{flag|Germany|Weimar}}||1928
|-
| 24th||[[Paris]]||{{flag|France}}||1927
|-
|rowspan=2|23rd
|[[Washington, D.C.]]
|{{flag|United States|1912}}
|rowspan=2|1925
|-
|[[Ottawa]]
|{{flag|Canada}}
|-
| 22nd||[[Bern]]||{{flag|Switzerland}}||1924
|-
| 21st||[[Copenhagen]]||{{flag|Denmark}}||1923
|-
| 20th||[[Vienna]]||{{flag|Austria}}||1922
|-
| 19th||[[Stockholm]]||{{flag|Sweden}}||1921
|-
| 18th||[[The Hague]]||{{flag|Netherlands}}||1913
|-
| 17th||[[Geneva]]||{{flag|Switzerland}}||1912
|-
| 16th||[[Brussels]]||{{flag|Belgium}}||1910
|-
| 15th||[[Berlin]]||{{flag|Germany|empire}}||1908
|-
| 14th||[[London]]||{{flag|United Kingdom}}||1906
|-
| 13th||[[Brussels]]||{{flag|Belgium}}||1905
|-
| 12th||[[St. Louis]]||{{flag|United States|1896}}||1904
|-
| 11th||[[Vienna]]||{{flag|Austria-Hungary}}||1903
|-
| 10th||[[Paris]]||{{flag|France}}||1900
|-
| 9th||[[Freetown Christiania|Christiania]]||{{flag|Denmark}}||1899
|-
| 8th||[[Brussels]]||{{flag|Belgium}}||1897
|-
| 7th||[[Budapest]]||{{flag|Austria-Hungary}}||1896
|-
| 6th||[[Brussels]]||{{flag|Belgium}}||1895
|-
| 5th||[[The Hague]]||{{flag|Netherlands}}||1894
|-
| 4th||[[Bern]]||{{flag|Switzerland}}||1892
|-
| 3rd||[[Rome]]||{{flag|Italy|1861}}||1891
|-
| 2nd||[[London]]||{{flag|United Kingdom}}||1890
|-
| 1st||[[Paris]]||{{flag|France}}||1889
|}

==Presidents==

{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! President
! Years
! Country
|-
|[[Duarte Pacheco]]
|2020–present
|{{flag|Portugal}}
|-
|[[Gabriela Cuevas Barron]]
|2017–2020
| {{flag|Mexico}}
|-
|[[Saber Hossain Chowdhury]]
|2014–2017
|{{flag|Bangladesh}}
|-
|[[Abdelwahad Radi]]
|2011–2014
|{{flag|Morocco}}
|-
|[[Theo-Ben Gurirab]]
|2008–2011
|{{flag|Namibia}}
|-
| [[Pier Ferdinando Casini]]
|2005–2008
|{{flag|Italy}}
|-
|[[Sergio Paes Verdugo]]
|2002–2005
|{{flag|Chile}}
|-
|[[Najma Heptulla]]
|1999–2002
|{{flag|India}}
|-
|[[Miguel Ángel Martínez Martínez|Miguel Angel Martinez]]
|1997–1999
|{{flag|Spain }}
|-
|[[Ahmed Fathi Sorour]]
|1994–1997
|{{flag|Egypt}}
|-
|[[Michael Marshall (politician)|Michael Marshall]]
|1991–1994
|{{flag|United Kingdom}}
|-
|[[Dauda Sow]]
|1988–1991
|{{flag|Senegal}}
|-
|[[Hans Stercken]]
|1985–1988
|{{flag|West Germany}}
|-
|[[John Page (MP for Harrow West)|John Page]]
|1985
|{{flag|United Kingdom}}
|-
|[[Izz El Din El Sayed]]
| 1983–1985
|{{flag|Sudan}}
|-
|[[Emile Cuvelier]]
|1983
|{{flag|Belgium}}
|-
|[[Johannes Virolainen]]
|1982–1983
|{{flag|Finland}}
|-
|[[Rafael Caldera]]
|1979–1982
|{{flag|Venezuela}}
|-
|[[Thomas Williams (Warrington MP)|Thomas Williams]]
|1976–1979
|{{flag|United Kingdom}}
|-
|[[Gurdial Singh Dhillon]]
|1973–1976
|{{flag|India}}
|-
|[[André Chandernagor]]
|1968–1973
|{{flag|France}}
|-
|[[Abderrahman Abdennebi]]
|1967–1968
|{{flag|Tunisia}}
|-
|[[Ranieri Mazzilli]]
|1962–1967
|{{flag|Brazil}}
|-
|[[Giuseppe Codacci-Pisanelli]]
|1957–1962
|{{flag|Italy}}
|-
|[[William Wedgwood Benn, 1st Viscount Stansgate|William Wedgwood Benn]]
|1947–1957
|{{flag|United Kingdom}}
|-
|[[Henri Carton de Wiart]]
|1934–1947
|{{flag|Belgium}}
|-
|[[Fernand Bouisson]]
|1928–1934
|{{flag|France}}
|-
|[[Theodor Adelsward]]
|1922–1928
|{{flag|Sweden}}
|-
|[[Philip Stanhope, 1st Baron Weardale|Philip Stanhope]]
|1912–1922
|{{flag|United Kingdom}}
|-
|[[August Beernaert]]
|1909–1912
|{{flag|Belgium}}
|}

==Amendments to the Statutes ==
Any proposal to amend the Statutes shall be submitted in writing to the Secretariat of the Union at least three months before the meeting of the Assembly. The Secretariat will immediately communicate all such proposals to the Members of the Union. The consideration of such proposed amendments shall be automatically placed on the agenda of the Assembly.

Any sub-amendments shall be submitted in writing to the Secretariat of the Union at least six weeks before the meeting of the Assembly. The Secretariat will immediately communicate all such sub-amendments to the Members of the Union.

After hearing the opinion of the Governing Council, expressed through a simple majority vote, the Assembly shall decide on such proposals by a two-thirds majority vote.

==The IPU and the United Nations==

The IPU marked the 50th anniversary of the United Nations, in 1995, by holding a special session in the [[United Nations General Assembly Hall|General Assembly Hall]] before the start of the session,<ref name="UN_A50561_page2">{{UN document |docid=A-50-561 |type=Document |body=General Assembly |session=50 |document_number=561 |highlight=rect_158,350_882,609 |page=2 |accessdate=2007-09-10}}</ref> where they planned for closer cooperation with the United Nations. The [[United Nations General Assembly Resolution|General Assembly Resolution]] passed during that session requested the Secretary-General to put this into action.<ref name="UN_ARES5015">{{UN document |docid=A-RES-50-15 |type=Resolution |body=General Assembly |session=50 |resolution_number=15 |accessdate=2007-09-10}}</ref> An agreement was signed between the IPU and the Secretary-General on 24 July 1996 and subsequently ratified by a General Assembly Resolution, where the United Nations recognizes IPU as the world organization of parliaments.<ref name="UN_A51402">{{UN document |docid=A-51-402 |type=Document |body=General Assembly |session=51 |document_number=402 |accessdate=2007-09-10| date=25 September 1995}}</ref><ref name="UN_ARES517">{{UN document |docid=A-RES-51-7 |type=Resolution |body=General Assembly |session=51 |resolution_number=7 |accessdate=2007-09-10}}</ref> Pursuant to this resolution, the Secretary-General submitted a report<ref name="UN_A52456">{{UN document |docid=A-52-456 |type=Document |body=General Assembly |session=52 |document_number=456 |accessdate=2007-09-10| date=13 October 1997}}</ref> which was noted with appreciation by the General Assembly, who requested further strengthening of cooperation and another report.<ref name="UN_ARES527">{{UN document |docid=A-RES-52-7 |type=Resolution |body=General Assembly |session=52 |resolution_number=7 |accessdate=2007-09-10}}</ref> This report detailed the measures that had been taken, including opening a liaison office in New York, and cooperation on issues such land-mines and the promotion of representative democracy.<ref name="UN_A53458">{{UN document |docid=A-53-458 |type=Document |body=General Assembly |session=53 |document_number=458 |accessdate=2007-09-10}}</ref> Following an entire morning of debate<ref name="UN_A53PV46_1998">{{UN document |docid=A-53-PV.46 |type=Verbatim Report |body=General Assembly |session=53 |meeting=46 |accessdate=2007-09-10}}</ref> the General Assembly passed a resolution which simply stated that it "looks forward to continued close cooperation".<ref name="UN_ARES5313">{{UN document |docid=A-RES-53-13 |type=Resolution |body=General Assembly |session=53 |resolution_number=13 |accessdate=2007-09-10}}</ref>

The following year (1999) the Secretary-General reported on an increased number of areas of cooperation,<ref name="UN_A54379">{{UN document |docid=A-54-379 |type=Document |body=General Assembly |session=54 |document_number=379 |accessdate=2007-09-10}}</ref> the issue was debated for an entire afternoon<ref name="UN_A54PV41_1999">{{UN document |docid=A-54-PV.41 |type=Verbatim Report |body=General Assembly |session=54 |meeting=41 |accessdate=2007-09-10}}</ref> (interrupted by a minute of silence held for tribute to [[Vazgen Sargsyan]], the Prime Minister of [[Armenia]] who had just at that time been [[1999 Armenian parliament shooting|killed by gunmen]]),<ref>{{ UN document |docid=A-54-PV.41 |body=General Assembly |type=Verbotim Report |session=54 |meeting=41 |page=20 |anchor=pg020-bk02 |meetingtime=15:00 |speakername=The President |accessdate=2007-09-10 }}</ref> and passed a resolution requesting the IPU be allowed to address the Millennium General Assembly directly.<ref name="UN_ARES5412">{{UN document |docid=A-RES-54-12 |type=Resolution |body=General Assembly |session=54 |resolution_number=12 |accessdate=2007-09-10| date=18 November 1999}}</ref>

Following another report,<ref name="UN_A55409">{{UN document |docid=A-55-409 |type=Document |body=General Assembly |session=55 |document_number=409 |accessdate=2007-09-10}}</ref> and another half-day debate,<ref name="UN_A55PV55_2000">{{UN document
|docid=A-55-PV.55
|date=8 November 2000
|type=Verbatim Report
|body=General Assembly
|session=55
|meeting=55
|anchor=top
|accessdate=2007-09-10}}</ref> the General Assembly welcomed the IPU declaration entitled "The Parliamentary vision for international cooperation at the dawn of the third millennium" and called for the Secretary-General to explore new and further ways in which the relationship could be strengthened.<ref name="UN_ARES5519">{{UN document |docid=A-RES-55-19 |type=Resolution |body=General Assembly |session=55 |resolution_number=19 |accessdate=2007-09-10}}</ref>

On 19 November 2002 the IPU was granted [[United Nations General Assembly observers|observer status]] to the General Assembly.<ref name="UN_ARES5732">{{UN document |docid=A-RES-57-32 |type=Resolution |body=General Assembly |session=57 |resolution_number=32 |accessdate=2007-09-10}}</ref>

In the Resolution ''59/19, Cooperation between the United Nations and the Inter-Parliamentary Union'', the UN General Assembly takes note of the recommendations in regard to engaging parliamentarians more systematically in the work of
the United Nations.<ref name="autogenerated1">[http://www.ipu.org/Un-e/a-res-59-19.pdf Resolution adopted by the General Assembly], 17 December 2004</ref>

The final declaration of the Second World Conference of Speakers of Parliament, hosted at United Nations headquarters, took place in September 2005, was entitled ''Bridging the democracy gap in international relations: A stronger role for parliament''.<ref>[http://www.ipu.org/splz-e/sp-conf05/declaration.pdf Bridging the democracy gap in international relations: A stronger role for parliaments] UNO Second World Conference of Speakers of Parliaments, New York, 7 to 9 September 2005</ref>

In the Resolution adopted by the UN General Assembly, ''61/6, Cooperation between the United Nations and the Inter-Parliamentary Union'', on 27 November 2006, it calls for ''the further development of the annual parliamentary hearing at the United Nations and other specialized parliamentary meetings in the context of major United Nations meetings as joint United Nations-Inter-Parliamentary Union events''.<ref name="autogenerated2">[http://www.ipu.org/Un-e/a-61-L6-e.pdf Resolution 61/6: Cooperation between the United Nations and the Inter-Parliamentary Union], 27 November 2006, at IPU official website</ref>

Every year during the fall session of the General Assembly the IPU organises a Parliamentary Hearing.<ref>[http://www.ipu.org/un-e/un-hearings.htm Cooperation with the UN: hearings] at IPU official website</ref> A resolution on cooperation between the United Nations and the IPU allowed for circulation of official IPU documents in the General Assembly.

UN and the IPU cooperate closely in various fields, in particular peace and security, economic and social development, international law, human rights, and democracy and gender issues, but IPU has not obtained the status of UN General Assembly subsidiary organ.

=== Fourth World Conference of Speakers of Parliament ===
The fourth world conference on [[Seventieth anniversary of the United Nations|UN 70th anniversary]] marked by [[Ban Ki-moon|Ban Ki-Moon]] as "[[UN70]]" was organised in September 2015 where Speakers of all IPU('''''Inter-Parliamentary Union''''') member parliaments and of non-member parliaments were invited from across the world. The theme was on peace, democracy, and development.<ref>{{cite web|title = Press Releases|url = http://www.hellenicparliament.gr/en/Enimerosi/Grafeio-Typou/Deltia-Typou/?press=4cd2f49d-6939-4061-833d-a50a0125d9d9|website = www.hellenicparliament.gr|access-date = 2015-10-01}}</ref>

=== United Nations reports, resolutions, and agreements===

*Resolution of the United Nations: Cooperation between the United Nations and the Inter-Parliamentary Union, 27 November 2006.<ref name="autogenerated2" />
*Report of the United Nations Secretary-General: Cooperation between the United Nations and regional and other organizations, 16 August 2006.<ref>[http://www.ipu.org/Un-e/a-61-256-e.pdf Etpu]</ref>
*Resolution of the United Nations General Assembly: Cooperation between the United Nations and the Inter-Parliamentary Union, 8 November 2004.<ref name="autogenerated1" />
* Report of the United Nations Secretary-General: Cooperation between the United Nations and the Inter-Parliamentary Union (see Part 5 of the Annex), 1 September 2004.<ref>[http://www.ipu.org/Un-e/a-59-303.pdf Microsoft Word – 0447505e.doc]</ref>
* Resolution adopted by the General Assembly: Cooperation between the United Nations and the Inter-Parliamentary Union, 21 November 2002.<ref>[http://www.ipu.org/Un-e/a-res-57-47.pdf Microsoft Word – UND_GEN_N0254074_DOCU_N]</ref>
* Resolution adopted by the General Assembly: Observer status for the Inter-Parliamentary Union in the General Assembly, 19 November 2002.<ref>[http://www.ipu.org/Un-e/a-res-57-32.pdf Resolution 57/32. Observer status for the Inter-Parliamentary Union in the General Assembly] 19 November 2002</ref>
* Report of the United Nations Secretary-General: Cooperation between the United Nations and the Inter-Parliamentary Union, 3 September 2002.<ref>[http://www.ipu.org/Un-e/a-57-375.pdf Cooperation between the United Nations and the Inter-Parliamentary Union: Report of the Secretary-General—Summary] at IPU official website, 3 September 2002</ref>
* Cooperation Agreement between the United Nations and the Inter-Parliamentary Union of 1996.<ref>[https://www.un.org/documents/ga/docs/51/plenary/a51-402.htm Cooperation between the United Nations and the Inter-Parliamentary Union: Report of the Secretary-General] Full item, 25 September 1996, at UNO official website. Accessed 24 February 2014</ref>

==See also==
*[[Inter-parliamentary institution]]
*[[e-democracy]]
*[[Democratic mundialization|Global democracy]]
*[[Third World Conference of Speakers of Parliament]]
*[[International Day of Democracy]]
*[[Internationalism (politics)]]
*[[List of peace activists]]
*[[Millennium Development Goals]]
*[[Supranational union]]
*[[Sustainable Development Goals]]
*[[United Nations Democracy Fund]]
*[[United Nations Parliamentary Assembly]]
*[[United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs]] (UNDESA)

==Notes==
{{Reflist|group=note}}

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==External links==
* {{official web site|http://www.ipu.org/}}
* [http://www.ipu.org/strct-e/un.htm Cooperation with the United Nations] at official website
* ''[https://archive.org/details/ipusterzel The Inter-Parliamentary Union]'' (1968)
* ''[https://archive.org/details/shorthistoryipu1976 Parliaments Across Frontiers: A Short History of the Inter-Parliamentary Union]'' (1976)
* {{20th Century Press Archives|FID=co/071177|NAME=Inter-Parliamentary Union|TEXT=Documents and newspaper clippings about}}

{{International organizations}}

[[Category:Inter-Parliamentary Union| ]]
[[Category:Elections]]
[[Category:Parliamentary assemblies]]
[[Category:United Nations General Assembly observers]]
[[Category:Organizations established in 1889]]
[[Category:Organisations based in Geneva]]
[[Category:1889 establishments in Switzerland]]
[[Category:Peace organizations]]
[[Category:Democracy promotion]]

Inter-Parliamentary Union - Revision history

GeorgiannaMoberg: added references

Milon101: Created an enlightening manuscript.