Intelligence Bureau (India) - Revision history

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	==See also==		==See also==
	~~{{Portal\|India}}~~

	* [[List of Indian intelligence agencies]]		* [[List of Indian intelligence agencies]]

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	{{short description\|Indian intelligence agency}}		{{short description\|Indian intelligence agency}}

	{{Use dmy dates}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=June 2020}}
	{{Use Indian English}}		{{Use Indian English\|date=June 2016}}
	{{Infobox government agency		{{Infobox government agency
	\| agency_name = '''Intelligence Bureau'''		\| agency_name = '''Intelligence Bureau'''
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	\| seal_width =		\| seal_width =
	\| seal_caption = [[Insignia]] of Intelligence Bureau		\| seal_caption = [[Insignia]] of Intelligence Bureau
	\| formed = 1887		\| formed = {{circa\|{{start date\|df=yes\|1887}}}}
	\| headquarters = [[New Delhi]], [[Delhi]], [[India]]		\| headquarters = [[New Delhi]], [[Delhi]], [[India]]
	\| employees = 17,884		\| employees = 17,884
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	[[File:Stamp of India - 2013 - Colnect 477802 - Intelligence Bureau.jpeg\|thumb\|125th Anniversary Postage Stamp (2013)\|197x197px]]		[[File:Stamp of India - 2013 - Colnect 477802 - Intelligence Bureau.jpeg\|thumb\|125th Anniversary Postage Stamp (2013)\|197x197px]]

	The '''Intelligence Bureau''' ('''IB''') ([[Hindi language\|Hindi]]: आसूचना ब्यूरो; [[International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration\|IAST]]: āsūcanā byūro) is India's [[internal security]] and [[counter-intelligence]] agency under [[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)\|Ministry of Home Affairs]]. It was founded in 1887 as ''Central Special Branch'', and is reputed to be the oldest such organization in the world.<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://fas.org/irp/world/india/ib/index.html \|title=Intelligence Bureau (IB) - India Intelligence Agencies \|publisher=Fas.org \|access-date=9 December 2012 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121126051106/http://www.fas.org/irp/world/india/ib/index.html \|archive-date=26 November 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal\|title="National Security" for whom?\|url=https://www.epw.in/journal/2014/25/web-exclusives/national-security-whom.html\|journal=Economic and Political Weekly\|language=en\|pages=7–8}}</ref>		The '''Intelligence Bureau''' ('''IB''') ([[Hindi language\|Hindi]]: आसूचना ब्यूरो; [[International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration\|IAST]]: āsūcanā byūro) is India's [[internal security]] and [[counter-intelligence]] agency under [[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)\|Ministry of Home Affairs]]. It was founded in 1887 as ''Central Special Branch'', and is reputed to be the oldest such organization in the world.<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://fas.org/irp/world/india/ib/index.html \|title=Intelligence Bureau (IB) - India Intelligence Agencies \|publisher=Fas.org \|date=30 May 2008 \|access-date=9 December 2012 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121126051106/http://www.fas.org/irp/world/india/ib/index.html \|archive-date=26 November 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal\|date=2015-06-05\|title="National Security" for whom?\|url=https://www.epw.in/journal/2014/25/web-exclusives/national-security-whom.html\|journal=Economic and Political Weekly\|language=en\|pages=7–8}}</ref>

	Until 1968, it handled both domestic and foreign intelligence after which [[Research and Analysis Wing]] was formed specifically for foreign intelligence following that IB was primarily assigned the role of domestic intelligence and internal security.<ref>{{Cite journal\|title="National Security" for whom?\|url=https://www.epw.in/journal/2014/25/web-exclusives/national-security-whom.html\|journal=Economic and Political Weekly\|language=en\|pages=7–8}}</ref> [[Tapan Deka]], the current director of the IB, took over from [[Arvind Kumar (civil servant)\|Arvind Kumar]] on 24 June 2022.<ref>{{Cite news\|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/tapan-deka-is-new-ib-chief-raw-secretary-samant-goel-gets-1-yr-extension-101656065794057.html \|title=Tapan Deka is new IB chief, RAW secretary Samant Goel gets 1-yr extension		Until 1968, it handled both domestic and foreign intelligence after which [[Research and Analysis Wing]] was formed specifically for foreign intelligence following that IB was primarily assigned the role of domestic intelligence and internal security.<ref>{{Cite journal\|date=2015-06-05\|title="National Security" for whom?\|url=https://www.epw.in/journal/2014/25/web-exclusives/national-security-whom.html\|journal=Economic and Political Weekly\|language=en\|pages=7–8}}</ref> [[Tapan Deka]], the current director of the IB, took over from [[Arvind Kumar (civil servant)\|Arvind Kumar]] on 24 June 2022.<ref>{{Cite news\|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/tapan-deka-is-new-ib-chief-raw-secretary-samant-goel-gets-1-yr-extension-101656065794057.html \|title=Tapan Deka is new IB chief, RAW secretary Samant Goel gets 1-yr extension
	\|newspaper=Hindustantimes\|access-date=2022-06-24}}</ref>		\|date=2022-06-24\|newspaper=Hindustantimes\|access-date=2022-06-24}}</ref>

	==History==		==History==
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	IB operated a [[counterintelligence]] programme to prevent the [[Central Intelligence Agency\|CIA]] from gathering information about the preparations and activities related to the Indian Nuclear weapons project before the [[Pokhran-II]] nuclear tests.<ref>{{Cite book\|title=Spying on the Bomb: American Nuclear Intelligence from Nazi Germany to Iran and North Korea\|last=Richelson\|first=Jeffrey\|publisher=[[W. W. Norton & Company]]\|year=2007\|isbn=9780393329827\|chapter=Pokhran Surprise\|quote=India’s success in preventing U.S. spy satellites from seeing signs of the planned tests days to weeks in advance was matched by its success in preventing acquisition of other types of intelligence. India’s Intelligence Bureau ran an aggressive counterintelligence program, and the CIA, despite a large station in New Delhi, was unable to recruit a single Indian with information about the Vajpayee government’s nuclear plans.}}</ref>		IB operated a [[counterintelligence]] programme to prevent the [[Central Intelligence Agency\|CIA]] from gathering information about the preparations and activities related to the Indian Nuclear weapons project before the [[Pokhran-II]] nuclear tests.<ref>{{Cite book\|title=Spying on the Bomb: American Nuclear Intelligence from Nazi Germany to Iran and North Korea\|last=Richelson\|first=Jeffrey\|publisher=[[W. W. Norton & Company]]\|year=2007\|isbn=9780393329827\|chapter=Pokhran Surprise\|quote=India’s success in preventing U.S. spy satellites from seeing signs of the planned tests days to weeks in advance was matched by its success in preventing acquisition of other types of intelligence. India’s Intelligence Bureau ran an aggressive counterintelligence program, and the CIA, despite a large station in New Delhi, was unable to recruit a single Indian with information about the Vajpayee government’s nuclear plans.}}</ref>

	IB had mixed success in counter-terrorism. It was reported in 2008 that the IB had been successful in busting terror modules. It alerted the police before the [[25 August 2007 Hyderabad bombings\|Hyderabad blasts]] and gave repeated warnings of a possible attack on Mumbai through the sea before the [[November 2008 Mumbai attacks]]. On the whole, however, the IB came in for some sharp criticism by the media after the relentless wave of terror attacks in 2008. The government came close to sacking top intelligence officials soon after 26/11 attacks because of serious lapses that led to the [[2008 Mumbai attacks]].<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/NewDelhi/IB-R-amp-AW-brass-almost-got-the-sack-after-26-11/Article1-890202.aspx\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120717110748/http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/NewDelhi/IB-R-amp-AW-brass-almost-got-the-sack-after-26-11/Article1-890202.aspx\|url-status=dead\|archive-date=17 July 2012\|title=IB, R&AW brass almost got the sack after 26/11}}</ref> Heavy politics, under-funding and a shortage of field agents were the chief problems facing the agency. The overall strength of the agency is believed to be around 25,000, with 3500-odd field agents operating in the entire country. Of these, many were engaged in ''political intelligence''.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/uncategorized/new-ib-chief-has-his-task-cut-out_100128955.html \|title=New IB chief has his task cut out - Thaindian News \|publisher=Thaindian.com \|access-date=10 August 2012 \|archive-date=15 March 2010 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100315213648/http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/uncategorized/new-ib-chief-has-his-task-cut-out_100128955.html \|url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.dayafterindia.com/jan109/national5.html\|title=Security cracks and the remedy\|archive-date=6 January 2010\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100106032546/http://www.dayafterindia.com/jan109/national5.html\|author=Sudha Ramachandran}}</ref>		IB had mixed success in counter-terrorism. It was reported in 2008 that the IB had been successful in busting terror modules. It alerted the police before the [[25 August 2007 Hyderabad bombings\|Hyderabad blasts]] and gave repeated warnings of a possible attack on Mumbai through the sea before the [[November 2008 Mumbai attacks]]. On the whole, however, the IB came in for some sharp criticism by the media after the relentless wave of terror attacks in 2008. The government came close to sacking top intelligence officials soon after 26/11 attacks because of serious lapses that led to the [[2008 Mumbai attacks]].<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/NewDelhi/IB-R-amp-AW-brass-almost-got-the-sack-after-26-11/Article1-890202.aspx\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120717110748/http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/NewDelhi/IB-R-amp-AW-brass-almost-got-the-sack-after-26-11/Article1-890202.aspx\|url-status=dead\|archive-date=17 July 2012\|title=IB, R&AW brass almost got the sack after 26/11}}</ref> Heavy politics, under-funding and a shortage of field agents were the chief problems facing the agency. The overall strength of the agency is believed to be around 25,000, with 3500-odd field agents operating in the entire country. Of these, many were engaged in ''political intelligence''.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/uncategorized/new-ib-chief-has-his-task-cut-out_100128955.html \|title=New IB chief has his task cut out - Thaindian News \|publisher=Thaindian.com \|date=9 December 2008 \|access-date=10 August 2012 \|archive-date=15 March 2010 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100315213648/http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/uncategorized/new-ib-chief-has-his-task-cut-out_100128955.html \|url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.dayafterindia.com/jan109/national5.html\|title=Security cracks and the remedy\|archive-date=6 January 2010\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100106032546/http://www.dayafterindia.com/jan109/national5.html\|author=Sudha Ramachandran}}</ref>

	Since 2014, IB has undergone many reforms and changes.		Since 2014, IB has undergone many reforms and changes.
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	\| [[File:Director IB Insignia.png\|40px]] \|\| [[Director of Intelligence Bureau (India)\|Director of Intelligence Bureau]]{{efn\|Highest ranking IPS Officer}} \|\| N/A		\| [[File:Director IB Insignia.png\|40px]] \|\| [[Director of Intelligence Bureau (India)\|Director of Intelligence Bureau]]{{efn\|Highest ranking IPS Officer}} \|\| N/A
	\|-		\|-
	\| [[File:Director General of Police.png\|40px]] \|\| ~~Additional/~~Special Director \|\| [[Director General of Police]]		\| [[File:Director General of Police.png\|40px]] \|\| Special Director \|\| [[Director General of Police]]
	\|-		\|-
	\| [[File:~~Insignia of Inspector~~ General of Police ~~in India- 2013-10-02 16-14~~.png\|40px]] \|\| ~~Joint~~ Director~~/Advisor~~ \|\| [[~~Inspector~~ General of Police]] ~~or a officer of rank Additional Director General of Police~~		\| [[File:Director General of Police.png\|40px]] \|\| Additional Director \|\| [[Additional Director General of Police]]
	~~having same insignia as Director General of Police shown above~~
	\|-		\|-
	\| [[File:~~Deputy~~ Inspector General of Police.png\|40px]] \|\| ~~Deputy~~ Director \|\| [[~~Deputy~~ Inspector General of Police]] ~~or a officer of the rank and insignia of Inspector General of Police shown above~~		\| [[File:Insignia of Inspector General of Police in India- 2013-10-02 16-14.png\|40px]] \|\| Joint Director/Advisor \|\| [[Inspector General of Police]]
	\|-		\|-
	\| \|\| ~~Additional~~ Deputy Director ~~/ all officers of rank of Assistant Director~~		\| [[File:Deputy Inspector General of Police.png\|40px]] \|\| Deputy Director \|\| [[Deputy Inspector General of Police]]
	~~who have completed 15 years of service in Group A~~
	\| ~~ADDL.~~Deputy Inspector General of Police
	\|-		\|-
	\| \|\| ~~Joint~~ Deputy Director ~~/ all officers~~ of ~~rank of Assistant Director~~		\| [[File:Senior Superintendent of Police.png\|40px]] \|\| Additional Deputy Director \|\| [[Superintendent of police (India)\|Senior Superintendent of Police]]
	~~who have completed 10 years of service in Group A~~
	\| ~~Joint Deputy Inspector General~~ of Police
	\|-		\|-
	\|~~<!-- Deleted image removed:~~ [[File:~~120px-AIG~~.png\|~~75x75px~~]] ~~-->~~\|\| ~~Assistant~~ Director \|\| [[~~Inspector general~~ of police\|~~Assistant Inspector General~~ of Police]]		\| [[File:Superintendent of Police.png\|40px]] \|\| Joint Deputy Director \|\| [[Superintendent of police (India)\|Superintendent of Police]]
	\|-		\|-
	\|~~<!-- Deleted image removed:~~ [[File:~~DCIO IPS~~.png\|~~75x75px~~]] ~~-->~~\|\| ~~Deputy Central Intelligence Officer~~ \|\| [[Superintendent of police (India)\|Additional Superintendent of Police]]		\| [[File:Additional_SP_IPS.png\|40px]] \|\| Assistant Director \|\| [[Superintendent of police (India)\| Additional Superintendent of Police]]
			\|-
			\| [[File:DySP_IPS.png\|40px]] \|\| Deputy Central Intelligence Officer \|\| [[Deputy Superintendent of police\| Deputy Central Intelligence Officer]]
	\|-		\|-
	\|<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:DySP.png\|75x75px]] -->\|\| Assistant Central Intelligence Officer I \|\| [[Deputy superintendent of police\|Deputy Superintendent of Police]] (ACP Delhi Police / DANIPS )		\|<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:DySP.png\|75x75px]] -->\|\| Assistant Central Intelligence Officer I \|\| [[Deputy superintendent of police\|Deputy Superintendent of Police]] (ACP Delhi Police / DANIPS )
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	{{Indian intelligence agencies}}		{{Indian intelligence agencies}}
	{{Domestic national intelligence agencies}}		{{Domestic national intelligence agencies}}
			{{Authority control}}

	[[Category:Intelligence Bureau (India)\| ]]		[[Category:Intelligence Bureau (India)\| ]]

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{{short description|Indian intelligence agency}}

{{Use dmy dates}}
{{Use Indian English}}
{{Infobox government agency
| agency_name = '''Intelligence Bureau'''
| native_name = {{lang|hi|आसूचना ब्यूरो}}
| logo =
| motto = जागृतं अहर्निशं {{small|([[Sanskrit]])}} {{transl|sa|ISO|Jāgṛtaṃ Aharniśaṃ}} ([[ISO 15919|ISO]]) {{trans|"Always Alert"}}
| seal = Intelligence Bureau.svg
| seal_width =
| seal_caption = [[Insignia]] of Intelligence Bureau
| formed = 1887
| headquarters = [[New Delhi]], [[Delhi]], [[India]]
| employees = 17,884
| budget = {{INRConvert|3418.32|c|1}}(2023–24)<ref>{{Cite news|title=MHA gets Rs 1.96 lakh crores in Budget-2023; focus on women safety, police modernisation|work=The Print|url=https://www.theprint.in/india/mha-gets-rs-1-96-lakh-crores-in-budget-2023-focus-on-women-safety-police-modernisation/1348413/%3famp}}</ref>
| minister1_name = [[Amit Shah]]
| minister1_pfo = [[Minister of Home Affairs (India)|Minister of Home Affairs]]
| chief1_name = [[Tapan Deka]]
| chief1_position = [[Director of the Intelligence Bureau|Director]]
| chief2_name =
| chief2_position =
| chief3_name =
| chief3_position =
| parent_agency = [[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Ministry of Home Affairs]]
| jurisdiction =
| website = {{url|www.mha.gov.in}}
| parent_department =
}}
[[File:Stamp of India - 2013 - Colnect 477802 - Intelligence Bureau.jpeg|thumb|125th Anniversary Postage Stamp (2013)|197x197px]]

The '''Intelligence Bureau''' ('''IB''') ([[Hindi language|Hindi]]: आसूचना ब्यूरो; [[International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration|IAST]]: āsūcanā byūro) is India's [[internal security]] and [[counter-intelligence]] agency under [[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Ministry of Home Affairs]]. It was founded in 1887 as ''Central Special Branch'', and is reputed to be the oldest such organization in the world.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://fas.org/irp/world/india/ib/index.html |title=Intelligence Bureau (IB) - India Intelligence Agencies |publisher=Fas.org |access-date=9 December 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121126051106/http://www.fas.org/irp/world/india/ib/index.html |archive-date=26 November 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title="National Security" for whom?|url=https://www.epw.in/journal/2014/25/web-exclusives/national-security-whom.html|journal=Economic and Political Weekly|language=en|pages=7–8}}</ref>

Until 1968, it handled both domestic and foreign intelligence after which [[Research and Analysis Wing]] was formed specifically for foreign intelligence following that IB was primarily assigned the role of domestic intelligence and internal security.<ref>{{Cite journal|title="National Security" for whom?|url=https://www.epw.in/journal/2014/25/web-exclusives/national-security-whom.html|journal=Economic and Political Weekly|language=en|pages=7–8}}</ref> [[Tapan Deka]], the current director of the IB, took over from [[Arvind Kumar (civil servant)|Arvind Kumar]] on 24 June 2022.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/tapan-deka-is-new-ib-chief-raw-secretary-samant-goel-gets-1-yr-extension-101656065794057.html |title=Tapan Deka is new IB chief, RAW secretary Samant Goel gets 1-yr extension
|newspaper=Hindustantimes|access-date=2022-06-24}}</ref>

==History==
In 1885, Major General [[Charles MacGregor]] was appointed [[Quartermaster General]] for the [[British Indian Army]] at [[Shimla|Simla]] and thereby became responsible for its intelligence activities. The main concern of the time was to monitor Russian troop deployments in Afghanistan so as to avoid an invasion of [[British India]] from the northwest. In 1909, the [[Indian Political Intelligence Office]] was established in England in response to the development of [[India House|Indian revolutionary activities]]. It came to be called Indian Political Intelligence (IPI) in 1921, constituting a surveillance and monitoring agency run jointly by the [[India Office]] and the [[Government of India]] and maintaining close contact with [[Scotland Yard]] and [[MI5]]. After Indian independence in 1947, IPI was renamed as the Intelligence Bureau under the [[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Ministry of Home Affairs]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.allgov.com/india/departments/ministry-of-home-affairs/intelligence-bureau?agencyid=7590|title=Intelligence Bureau - AllGov.com}}</ref>

==Responsibilities==
Shrouded in secrecy, the IB is used to garner intelligence from within India and also execute counter-intelligence and counter-terrorism tasks. The Bureau comprises employees from law enforcement agencies, mostly from the [[Indian Police Service]] (IPS) or the Indian Revenue Service (IRS) and the military. However, the [[Director of Intelligence Bureau (India)|Director of Intelligence Bureau]] (DIB) has always been an IPS officer. In addition to domestic intelligence responsibilities, the IB is particularly tasked with intelligence collection in border areas, following the 1951 recommendations of the Himmat Singh Ji Committee (also known as the North and North-East Border Committee), a task entrusted to the military intelligence organisations prior to independence in 1947. All spheres of human activity within India and in the neighborhood are allocated to the charter of duties of the Intelligence Bureau. The IB was also tasked with other external intelligence responsibilities as of 1951 until 1968, when the [[Research and Analysis Wing]] was formed.<ref name="Nehchal Sandhu new IB director">{{cite news | url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/nehchal-sandhu-new-ib-director/716221/ | title=Nehchal Sandhu new IB director | work=The Indian Express| date=26 November 2010 | access-date=27 March 2012}}</ref>

==Activities and operations==
The Intelligence Bureau reportedly has a lot of successes to its credit, but operations conducted by the IB are rarely declassified. Due to the extreme secrecy surrounding the agency, there is little concrete information available about it or its activities. The IB was trained by the Soviet [[KGB]] from the 1950s onward until the collapse of the Soviet Union.
Understanding of the shadowy workings of the IB is largely speculative. Many times even members' own family members are unaware of their whereabouts. One known task of the IB is to clear licences to [[amateur radio]] enthusiasts. The IB also passes intelligence between other Indian intelligence agencies and the police. The bureau also grants the necessary security clearances to Indian diplomats and judges before they take the oath. On rare occasions, IB officers interact with the media during a crisis situation. The IB is also rumoured to intercept and open around 6,000 letters daily. It also has an email spying system similar to [[FBI]]'s [[Carnivore (software)|Carnivore]] system.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.privacyinternational.org/survey/phr2003/countries/india.htm|title=Republic of India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101203034615/http://www.privacyinternational.org/survey/phr2003/countries/india.htm|archive-date=3 December 2010}}</ref> The bureau is authorised to conduct wiretapping without a [[Warrant (law)|warrant]].<ref name="The secret world of phone tapping">{{cite news | url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/the-secret-world-of-phone-tapping/1/122693.html | title=The secret world of phone tapping | work=India Today | date=9 December 2010 | access-date=27 March 2012}}</ref>

The IB was initially India's internal and external intelligence agency. Due to lapses on the part of the Intelligence Bureau to predict the [[Sino-Indian War]] of 1962, and later on, intelligence failure in the [[India-Pakistan Wars|India-Pakistan War]] in 1965, it was bifurcated in 1968 and entrusted with the task of internal intelligence only. The external intelligence branch was handed to the newly created [[Research and Analysis Wing]].<ref name="ijic">{{Cite journal|title=Unraveling India's Foreign Intelligence: The Origins and Evolution of the Research and Analysis Wing |last= Shaffer |first=Ryan |year=2015 |volume= 28 |issue=2 |journal= International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence |doi= 10.1080/08850607.2015.992754 |pages=252–289|s2cid= 154372472 }}</ref>

IB operated a [[counterintelligence]] programme to prevent the [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] from gathering information about the preparations and activities related to the Indian Nuclear weapons project before the [[Pokhran-II]] nuclear tests.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Spying on the Bomb: American Nuclear Intelligence from Nazi Germany to Iran and North Korea|last=Richelson|first=Jeffrey|publisher=[[W. W. Norton & Company]]|year=2007|isbn=9780393329827|chapter=Pokhran Surprise|quote=India’s success in preventing U.S. spy satellites from seeing signs of the planned tests days to weeks in advance was matched by its success in preventing acquisition of other types of intelligence. India’s Intelligence Bureau ran an aggressive counterintelligence program, and the CIA, despite a large station in New Delhi, was unable to recruit a single Indian with information about the Vajpayee government’s nuclear plans.}}</ref>

IB had mixed success in counter-terrorism. It was reported in 2008 that the IB had been successful in busting terror modules. It alerted the police before the [[25 August 2007 Hyderabad bombings|Hyderabad blasts]] and gave repeated warnings of a possible attack on Mumbai through the sea before the [[November 2008 Mumbai attacks]]. On the whole, however, the IB came in for some sharp criticism by the media after the relentless wave of terror attacks in 2008. The government came close to sacking top intelligence officials soon after 26/11 attacks because of serious lapses that led to the [[2008 Mumbai attacks]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/NewDelhi/IB-R-amp-AW-brass-almost-got-the-sack-after-26-11/Article1-890202.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120717110748/http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/NewDelhi/IB-R-amp-AW-brass-almost-got-the-sack-after-26-11/Article1-890202.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-date=17 July 2012|title=IB, R&AW brass almost got the sack after 26/11}}</ref> Heavy politics, under-funding and a shortage of field agents were the chief problems facing the agency. The overall strength of the agency is believed to be around 25,000, with 3500-odd field agents operating in the entire country. Of these, many were engaged in ''political intelligence''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/uncategorized/new-ib-chief-has-his-task-cut-out_100128955.html |title=New IB chief has his task cut out - Thaindian News |publisher=Thaindian.com |access-date=10 August 2012 |archive-date=15 March 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100315213648/http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/uncategorized/new-ib-chief-has-his-task-cut-out_100128955.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dayafterindia.com/jan109/national5.html|title=Security cracks and the remedy|archive-date=6 January 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100106032546/http://www.dayafterindia.com/jan109/national5.html|author=Sudha Ramachandran}}</ref>

Since 2014, IB has undergone many reforms and changes.
One of the biggest reforms was the cessation of internal-political espionage.
The agency has also boosted up its infrastructure and recruited more agents.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://m.economictimes.com/news/defence/1800-sashastra-seema-bal-personnel-to-move-to-intelligence-bureau/articleshow/67147881.cms|title=1,800 Sashastra Seema Bal personnel to move to Intelligence Bureau|access-date=18 December 2018|publisher=Economic Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://m.economictimes.com/news/defence/immigration-rush-intelligence-bureau-to-hire-550-ex-capf-personnel-at-airports/amp_articleshow/61753993.cms|title=Immigration rush: Intelligence Bureau to hire 550 ex-CAPF personnel at airports|access-date=13 July 2018|publisher=EconomicTimes}}</ref> It has been successful in stopping the earlier pattern of frequent terror attacks in India.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.oneindia.com/amphtml/india/40-kilograms-of-explosives-thwarting-a-nightmare-at-pulwama-3096180.html|title=40 kilograms of explosives: Thwarting a nightmare at Pulwama|access-date=29 May 2020|work=OneIndia}}</ref>
The agency has also been successful in counter-intelligence.

==Workings==
The Group A (Gazetted) officers carry out coordination and higher-level management of the IB. Subsidiary Intelligence Bureaus (SIBs) are headed by officers of the rank of Joint Director or above, but smaller SIBs are also sometimes headed by Deputy Directors. The SIBs have their units at district headquarters headed by Assistant Director (AD) or Deputy Central Intelligence Officers (DCIO). The IB maintains a large number of field units and headquarters (which are under the control of Joint or Deputy Directors). It is through these offices and the intricate process of deputation that a very organic linkage between the state police agencies and the IB is maintained. In addition to these, at the national level the IB has several units (in some cases SIBs) to keep track of issues like terrorism, counter-intelligence, VIP security, threat assessment and sensitive areas (i.e. [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]] and such). IB officers (like their counterparts in R&AW) get monthly special pays and an extra one-month salary every year, as well as better promotions. IB Officers are either directly recruited or are deputed from
[[Central Armed Police Force|CAPF]]s and [[Indian Armed Forces|Armed Forces]].

==Constitutionality==
IB was created on 23 December 1887, by the British Secretary of State as a sub-sect of the Central Special Branch but there is no act of the Indian parliament nor executive order relating to the functioning of the IB. In 2013, a [[Public interest litigation in India|public interest litigant]] challenged the legality of IB.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-03-26/india/31239443_1_ib-r-n-kulkarni-intelligence-bureau | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130510183119/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-03-26/india/31239443_1_ib-r-n-kulkarni-intelligence-bureau | url-status=dead | archive-date=10 May 2013 | work=[[The Times of India]] | title=Explain Intelligence Bureau's legality, HC tells Centre | date=26 March 2012}}</ref>

==Ranks and insignia==
{{See also|List of police ranks in India}}

{|class="wikitable"
! Insignia !! Position in Intelligence Bureau !! Position in State Police
|-
| [[File:Director IB Insignia.png|40px]] || [[Director of Intelligence Bureau (India)|Director of Intelligence Bureau]]{{efn|Highest ranking IPS Officer}} || N/A
|-
| [[File:Director General of Police.png|40px]] || Additional/Special Director || [[Director General of Police]]
|-
| [[File:Insignia of Inspector General of Police in India- 2013-10-02 16-14.png|40px]] || Joint Director/Advisor || [[Inspector General of Police]] or a officer of rank Additional Director General of Police
having same insignia as Director General of Police shown above
|-
| [[File:Deputy Inspector General of Police.png|40px]] || Deputy Director || [[Deputy Inspector General of Police]] or a officer of the rank and insignia of Inspector General of Police shown above
|-
| || Additional Deputy Director / all officers of rank of Assistant Director
who have completed 15 years of service in Group A
| ADDL.Deputy Inspector General of Police
|-
| || Joint Deputy Director / all officers of rank of Assistant Director
who have completed 10 years of service in Group A
| Joint Deputy Inspector General of Police
|-
||| Assistant Director || [[Inspector general of police|Assistant Inspector General of Police]]
|-
||| Deputy Central Intelligence Officer || [[Superintendent of police (India)|Additional Superintendent of Police]]
|-
||| Assistant Central Intelligence Officer I || [[Deputy superintendent of police|Deputy Superintendent of Police]] (ACP Delhi Police / DANIPS )
|-
| [[File:Police Inspector insignia.png|40px]] || Assistant Central Intelligence Officer II || [[Inspector| Inspector of Police]]
|-
| [[File:Police Sub-Inspector.png|40px]] || Junior Intelligence Officer I || [[Sub-Inspector|Sub-Inspector of Police]]
|-
| [[File:Assistant Sub-Inspector.png|40px]] || Junior Intelligence Officer II || [[Assistant Sub-Inspector of Police]]
|-
| [[File:No insignia.png|40px]] || Security Assistant || [[Constable]]
|}
Besides the above posts, there are various other supporting and office posts in the Bureau as well.

==Media portrayal==

The Intelligence Bureau has been depicted in films such as ''Bad Aur Badnaam'' ([[Hindi]], 1984), ''[[Mukhbiir]]'' ([[Hindi]], 2008), ''Vande Matharam'' ([[Tamil language|Tamil]], 2010), ''[[Kahaani]]'' ([[Hindi]], 2012), ''[[Jism 2]]'' ([[Hindi]], 2012), ''[[Iru Mugan]]'' ([[Tamil language|Tamil]], 2016), and ''[[Spyder (film)|Spyder]]'' ([[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Telugu language|Telugu]], 2017).

IB also featured in the Sony TV Series ''[[Yudh (TV series)|Yudh]]'' starring [[Amitabh Bachchan]].

==See also==
{{Portal|India}}

* [[List of Indian intelligence agencies]]

==Footnotes==
* {{cite web|url = http://www.persmin.nic.in/EmployeesCorner/Acts_Rules/AISRule/IPSRules/IPS(Uniform)Rules(Revised).htm|title = THE INDIAN POLICE SERVICE (UNIFORM) RULES|year = 1954|access-date = 13 September 2010|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090416223152/http://persmin.nic.in/EmployeesCorner/Acts_Rules/AISRule/IPSRules/IPS(Uniform)Rules(Revised).htm|archive-date = 16 April 2009|url-status = dead}}
* {{cite web|url = https://fas.org/irp/world/india/ib/|title = World Intelligence and Security Agencies|date = December 2006|access-date = 15 November 2015|archive-date = 5 June 2014|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140605051948/http://www.fas.org/irp/world/india/ib/|url-status = dead}}

==Notes==
{{Reflist|group=lower-alpha}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* MacGregor, Lady (Ed.). ''The Life and Opinions of Major-General Sir Charles MacGregor''. 2 vols. 1888, Edinburgh
* MacGregor, General Sir Charles. ''The Defence of India''. Shimla: Government of India Press. 1884.
* Kulkarni. ''Sin of National Conscience''. 2005.

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20101210104455/http://frontierindia.net/the-intelligence-bureau-india%E2%80%99s-prime-intelligence-agency The Intelligence Bureau: India’s Prime Intelligence Agency] By Maloy Krishna Dhar

{{Home Ministry (India)}}
{{India topics}}
{{Indian intelligence agencies}}
{{Domestic national intelligence agencies}}

[[Category:Intelligence Bureau (India)| ]]
[[Category:Indian intelligence agencies]]
[[Category:1887 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Government agencies established in 1887]]
[[Category:Domestic intelligence agencies]]