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[[File:Software Technology Parks Of India Bhubaneswar.jpg|thumb|[[Bhubaneswar]] was one of the 1st cites in India to receive [[Software Technology Parks of India|STPI]] back in 1991.]]
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}}

{{short description|Overview of information technology in India}}
[[File:TCS-Siruseri-Building.jpg|thumb|293x293px|TCS Signature Tower and Butterfly Campus in [[Chennai|Chennai, India]]. TCS is the highest revenue generating Indian IT services and [[Information technology consulting|consulting]] company.]]
[[File:BangaloreInfosys.jpg|thumb|right|250px|[[Infosys]] Media Centre in [[Bangalore, India]]. Infosys is one of the largest Indian IT companies.]]
'''Information Technology in India''' is an industry consisting of two major components: [[IT Services|IT services]] and [[business process outsourcing]] (BPO).<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/business/Industry/its-time-for-ctrlaltdelete/article17369823.ece|title=IT's time for ctrl+alt+delete|last=Nirmal|first=Rajalakshmi|work=The Hindu|access-date=26 February 2017|language=en}}</ref> The sector has increased its contribution to India's [[GDP]] from 1.2% in 1998 to 7.7% in 2017.<ref name="nasscom">{{cite web|url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/320776/contribution-of-indian-it-industry-to-india-s-gdp/|title=nformation technology/business process management (IT-BPM) sector in India as a share of India's gross domestic product (GDP) from 2009 to 2017|work=[[NASSCOM]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121220032358/http://www.nasscom.in/indian-itbpo-industry|archive-date=20 December 2012|url-status=dead|access-date=15 December 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref> According to [[NASSCOM]], the sector aggregated revenues {{USD}}180 billion in 2019,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/ites/coming-home-how-indias-it-giants-are-shifting-their-base/articleshow/71458001.cms?from=mdr|title=Home market gets attractive for India's IT giants|first=Shelley|last=Singh|date=14 September 2017|access-date=3 August 2019|via=The Economic Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/industry/it-industry-may-become-lighthouse-for-indias-growth-heres-how-many-it-firms-operate-in-india/1870795/|title=IT industry may become lighthouse for India's growth; here's how many IT firms operate in India|website=financialexpress.com|access-date=3 February 2020}}</ref> with export revenue of standing at {{USD}}99 billion and domestic revenue at {{USD}}48 billion, growing by over 13%. As of 2020, India's IT workforce accounts for 4.36 million employees.<ref name="The Economic Times 2020">{{cite web | title=Indian IT industry looks forward to working together with new US administration | website=The Economic Times | date=2020-11-08 | url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/ites/indian-it-industry-looks-forward-to-working-together-with-new-us-administration/articleshow/79111764.cms | access-date=2020-11-27}}</ref> The [[United States]] accounts for two-thirds of India's IT services exports.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/amid-it-layoffs-this-could-be-a-reason-to-cheer/articleshow/61459252.cms|title=Amid IT layoffs, this could be a reason to cheer - Times of India|website=The Times of India}}</ref>

==History==
{{see also|India Startup Ecosystem TimeLine}}
India's IT Services industry was born in [[Mumbai]] in 1967 with the creation of [[Tata Consultancy Services]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.itida.gov.eg/Documents/Tholons_study.pdf |title=Top 50 Emerging Global Outsourcing Cities |publisher=www.itida.gov.eg |access-date=22 July 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180921041909/http://www.itida.gov.eg/Documents/Tholons_study.pdf |archive-date=21 September 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref> who in 1977 partnered with Burroughs which began India's export of IT services.<ref name="doccentre1">{{cite web |url=http://www.doccentre.net/Tod/SEZs-Profits-At-Any-Cost.php |title=Special Economic Zones: Profits At Any Cost |publisher=Doccentre.net |access-date=22 July 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100907192447/http://www.doccentre.net/Tod/SEZs-Profits-At-Any-Cost.php |archive-date=7 September 2010 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> The first software export zone, [[SEEPZ]] – the precursor to the modern-day IT park – was established in Mumbai in 1973. More than 80 percent of the country's software exports were from SEEPZ in the 1980s.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.itida.gov.eg/Documents/Tholons_study.pdf |title=Top 50 Emerging Global Outsourcing Cities |publisher=www.itida.gov.eg |access-date=22 July 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180921041909/http://www.itida.gov.eg/Documents/Tholons_study.pdf |archive-date=21 September 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

{{Quote|Within 90 days of its establishment, the Task Force produced an extensive background report on the state of technology in India and an IT Action Plan with 108 recommendations. The Task Force could act quickly because it built upon the experience and frustrations of state governments, central government agencies, universities, and the software industry. Much of what it proposed was also consistent with the thinking and recommendations of international bodies like the [[World Trade Organization]] (WTO), [[International Telecommunications Union]] (ITU), and [[World Bank]]. In addition, the Task Force incorporated the experiences of [[Singapore]] and other nations, which implemented similar programs. It was less a task of invention than of sparking action on a consensus that had already evolved within the networking community and government.}}
[[File:Tidel park, Chennai.jpg|thumb|299x299px|[[Tidel Park]] in [[Chennai]] was the Largest IT park in [[Asia]] when it was opened in 1999.]]
Regulated [[VSAT]] links became visible in 1994.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://spacejournal.ohio.edu/issue7/ov_india.html |title=Online Journal of Space Communication |publisher=Spacejournal.ohio.edu |access-date=28 September 2013}}</ref> Desai (2006) describes the steps taken to relax regulations on linking in 1991:

{{Quote|In 1991 the Department of Electronics broke this impasse, creating a corporation called [[Software Technology Parks of India]] (STPI) that, being owned by the government, could provide VSAT communications without breaching its monopoly. STPI set up software technology parks in different cities, each of which provided satellite links to be used by firms; the local link was a wireless radio link. In 1993 the government began to allow individual companies their own dedicated links, which allowed work done in India to be transmitted abroad directly. Indian firms soon convinced their American customers that a satellite link was as reliable as a team of programmers working in the clients’ office.}}

A joint EU-India group of scholars was formed on 23 November 2001 to further promote joint research and development. On 25 June 2002, India and the [[European Union]] agreed to bilateral cooperation in the field of science and technology. From 2017, India holds a Associate Member State status at [[CERN]], while a joint India-EU Software Education and Development Center will be located in [[Bangalore]].<ref name="India Telecom Laws and Regulations">{{cite book|last1=Inc|first1=lbp|title=India Telecom Laws and Regulations Handbook|date=2013|publisher=Int'l Business Publication|isbn=978-1433081903|page=300}}</ref>

==Contemporary situation==
In the contemporary world economy, India is the largest exporter of IT. Exports dominate the Indian IT industry and constitute about 79% of the industry's total revenue. However, the domestic market is also significant, with robust revenue growth.<ref name="nasscom" /> The industry's share of total Indian exports (merchandise plus services) increased from less than 4% in FY1998 to about 25% in FY2012. The technologically-inclined services sector in India accounts for 40% of the country's GDP and 30% of export earnings as of 2006, while employing only 25% of its workforce, according to Sharma (2006). According to [[Gartner]], the "Top Five Indian IT Services Providers" are [[Tata Consultancy Services]], [[Infosys]], [[Wipro]], [[Tech Mahindra]], and [[HCL Technologies]].<ref name="gartner">{{cite web|url=http://www.gartner.com/it/page.jsp?id=2007116 |title=Gartner Says Top six Indian IT Services Providers Grew 23.8 Percent In 2011 |publisher=Gartner.com |date=7 May 2012 |access-date=28 September 2013}}</ref>

==Major information technology hubs==
===Bangalore===
As of fiscal 2016–17, [[Bangalore]] accounted for 38% of total IT exports from India worth $45 billion, employing 10 lakh people directly and 30 lakh indirectly.<ref>{{cite news |title=‘Bangalore will become the world’s largest IT cluster by 2020’ |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/info-tech/%E2%80%98Bangalore-will-become-the-world%E2%80%99s-largest-IT-cluster-by-2020%E2%80%99/article20909098.ece |access-date=27 May 2021 |work=Business Line |language=en}}</ref> The city is known as the "Silicon Valley of India".<ref>{{cite web|url =http://edition.cnn.com/2012/12/06/tech/bangalore-india-internet-access|title =How the 'Silicon' is bridging the digital divide |last =Canton|first =Naomi|publisher =CNN |access-date =6 December 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url =https://www.nytimes.com/2006/03/20/business/worldbusiness/20bangalore.html|title =Is the Next Silicon Valley Taking Root in Bangalore? |last =RAI|first =SARITHA|work =New York Times |access-date =20 March 2006}}</ref> Notable tech parks are [[Electronic City]], [[International Tech Park, Bangalore|ITPL]], [[Bagmane Tech Park]], Embassy Golf Links, [[Manyata Tech Park]], [[Global Village Tech Park]], Embassy TechVillage. Apart from these IT companies are also located in several other parts of the city. Notable IT companies of the area include [[Infosys]], [[Wipro]], [[HCL Technologies]], [[SAP|SAP Labs]], [[Accenture]], [[Tata Consultancy Services|TCS]], [[Oracle Corporation|Oracle]], [[IBM India]], [[Sonata Software]], [[Mindtree]], and [[Intuit India]].<ref>{{cite news|title= Juego Studio|url=https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/juego-studio|website=[[Crunchbase]]|access-date =8 December 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Sharma|first=Apoorva|date=2018-12-23|title=Top 30 IT Companies in Bangalore|url=https://www.nestaway.com/info/top-30-it-companies-in-bangalore/|access-date=2020-12-31|website=Nestaway Information Guides for Housing & Living|language=en-GB}}</ref>

Bangalore is also known as the "startup capital of India"; the city is home to 44 percent of all [[List of Indian unicorn startup companies|Indian unicorn startup companies]] as of 2020.<ref>{{cite news |title=Bengaluru is India's unicorn capital, reveals report |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/startup/bengaluru-is-indias-unicorn-capital-reveals-report-5011231.htm |access-date=27 May 2021 |work=cnbctv18.com}}</ref>

=== Hyderabad ===
[[File:Amazon Hyderabad campus.jpg|right|thumb|Amazon Hyderabad campus]]
[[Hyderabad]] – known for the [[HITEC City]] or [[Cyberabad]] – is India's second largest information technology exporter and a major global IT hub, and the largest [[bioinformatics]] hub in India.<ref>{{cite web|last=Udgirkar|first=Trushna|title=New innovation support centre to open in Hyderabad this month|date=2 October 2015|url=http://www.livemint.com/Companies/rGXHb9JufpgLVJWhNwPl2H/New-innovation-support-centre-to-open-in-Hyderabad-this-mont.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Hyderabad to emerge as new biotechnology capital of India: Experts|url=http://www.pharmabiz.com/NewsDetails.aspx?aid=83770&sid=1|access-date=3 November 2017|website=www.PharmaBiz.com}}</ref> Hyderabad has emerged as the second largest city in the country for software exports pipping competitors Chennai and Pune.<ref>{{cite web|title=Hyderabad Pips Chennai, Pune in Software Exports|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/hyderabad/Hyderabad-Pips-Chennai-Pune-in-Software-Exports/2014/09/26/article2449874.ece|work=The New Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=CDFD to be Sun's first CoE in medical informatics|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2004-02-12/news/27411217_1_cdfd-computational-biology-centre-for-dna-fingerprinting|work=timesofindia-economictimes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Hyderabad Pips Chennai, Pune in Software Exports|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/hyderabad/2014/sep/26/Hyderabad-Pips-Chennai-Pune-in-Software-Exports-665308.html|access-date=1 April 2018|website=newindianexpress.com}}</ref> Notable tech companies include [[Accenture]], [[Amazon(company)]], [[deloitte]], [[Tata Consultancy Services]], [[Microsoft]], [[HCL Technologies]], [[Oracle Corporation]], [[Google]], [[Qualcomm]], [[Dell]], [[Cognizant]]. As of 2020, the IT exports from Hyderabad was ₹128,807 crore (US$15 billion), the city houses 1500 IT and ITES companies that provide 582,126 employment.<ref>{{cite news|date=21 May 2020|title=Telangana records 17.93 % growth in IT sector|newspaper=The Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/telangana-records-17-93-growth-in-it-sector/articleshow/75868301.cms|access-date=21 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Telangana IT exports grows 18% at ₹1.28 lakh crore in FY20|date=21 May 2020|url=https://www.livemint.com/industry/infotech/telangana-it-exports-grows-18-at-rs-1-28-lakh-crore-in-fy20-11590060044912.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Hyderabad overtakes Bengaluru in IT office space occupation|newspaper=The Hindu|date=22 September 2019|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/hyderabad-overtakes-bengaluru-in-it-office-space-occupation/article29480100.ece}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Hyderabad IT companies told to gradually ramp up operations|date=10 May 2020|url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/hyderabad-it-companies-told-to-gradually-ramp-up-operations-11589079377864.html}}</ref> Notable tech and pharma parks are [[HITEC City]], [[Genome Valley]], and [[Hyderabad Pharma City]]

===Chennai===

{{As of|2018}}, [[Chennai]] is India's thid-largest exporter of information technology (IT) after [[banglore]] and [[hyderabad]] and [[business process outsourcing]] (BPO) services.<ref name="Nasscom">{{cite web|title=Chennai activities|url=http://www.nasscom.org/chennai-activities|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121116141448/http://nasscom.org/chennai-activities|archive-date=16 November 2012|access-date=28 December 2012|publisher=[[NASSCOM]]|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="itchennai2">{{cite news|last=Chandramouli|first=Rajesh|date=1 May 2008|title=Chennai emerging as India's Silicon Valley?|work=[[The Economic Times]]|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/Infotech/Software/Chennai_emerging_as_Indias_Silicon_Valley/articleshow/3000410.cms|access-date=28 December 2012}}</ref> [[Tidel Park]] in Chennai was billed as Asia's largest IT park when it was built.<ref name="fordithub">{{cite news|date=2 November 2000|title=Ford's Rs. 200-cr. IT hub in Chennai|work=[[The Hindu]]|location=Chennai|url=http://www.hindu.com/2000/11/02/stories/04022231.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020130201321/http://www.hindu.com/2000/11/02/stories/04022231.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=30 January 2002|access-date=28 December 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Work ethics: How Indian cities fare|url=http://specials.rediff.com/money/2008/jul/31slide5.htm|access-date=28 December 2012|publisher=[[Rediff]]}}</ref> Notable tech parks are [[International Tech Park, Chennai|International Tech Park]], [[DLF SEZ|DLF Cybercity SEZ]], [[Mahindra World City, New Chennai|Mahindra World City]], [[SIPCOT IT Park]], [[Olympia Tech Park]], [[One Indiabulls Park]], [[Zoho Corporation|L&T Estancia IT SEZ]] and [[Ramanujan IT City]]. City has an expressway called as [[Rajiv Gandhi Salai|IT expressways]] and a preferred location for IT industries. Major software companies such as [[Tata Consultancy Services]], [[Infosys]], [[Zoho Corporation|Zoho]], [[Capgemini]], [[Cognizant|Cognizant Technology Solutions]], [[Accenture]], [[UST (company)|UST Global]], [[KPIT Technologies|BirlaSoft]], [[HCL Technologies]] have their offices set up here, with some of them making Chennai their largest base.<ref name="itchennai2" />

===Pune===
The Rajiv Gandhi Infotech Park in [[Hinjawadi]] is a ₹600-billion (US$8.9 billion) project by the [[Maharashtra Industrial Development Corporation]] (MIDC).<ref name="hinjewadiet">{{cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/2604416.cms|title=Hinjawadi, the land of opportunity|last1=Bari|first1=Prachi|date=7 December 2007|work=The Economic times|access-date=13 November 2009|location=India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090509022917/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/2604416.cms|archive-date=9 May 2009|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://megapolis.co.in/hinjewadi-it-park.html|title=Hinjawadi IT park|work=The MegaPolis|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090318015457/http://www.megapolis.co.in/hinjewadi-it-park.html|archive-date=18 March 2009|url-status=dead|access-date=13 November 2009}}</ref> The IT Park encompasses an area of about {{convert|2800|acre|km2}} and is home to over 800 IT companies of all sizes.<ref name=":9">{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/business/Industry/pune-where-panic-reins-an-it-campus/article18591285.ece|title=Pune, where panic reigns an IT campus|last=Banerjee|first=Shoumojit|date=2017-05-27|work=The Hindu|access-date=2018-06-13|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170527171136/http://www.thehindu.com/business/Industry/pune-where-panic-reins-an-it-campus/article18591285.ece|archive-date=27 May 2017|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Besides Hinjawadi, IT companies are also located at [[Magarpatta]], [[Kharadi]], [[Yerawada]], [[Aundh, Pune|Aundh]] and several other parts of the city. As of 2017, the IT sector employs more than 300,000 people.<ref name=":9" /><ref name="et">{{cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/news-by-industry/jobs/Are-IT-jobs-losing-sparkle/articleshow/6443498.cms |title=Economic Times (2010), ''Are IT jobs losing sparkle?'' |publisher=Economictimes.indiatimes.com |date= 27 August 2010|access-date=30 August 2010}}</ref>

===Delhi NCR===
Delhi NCR is one of the major IT hub in India. Cities like Gurugram and Noida have several companies thats serves the local and global markets.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.india-briefing.com/news/delhi-ncr-an-emerging-it-hub-in-india-13888.html/|title = Delhi NCR – an Emerging IT Hub in India|date = 29 March 2017}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Electronics and semiconductor manufacturing industry in India]]
* [[List of Indian IT companies]]
* [[List of public listed software companies of India]]
* [[PARAM]]
* [[Supercomputing in India]]
* [[Timeline of Indian startup ecosystem]]

==References==
{{Reflist|40em}}

===Sources===
* {{cite book |last=Sharma |first=Dinesh C. |date=2015 |title=The Outsourcer: The Story of India's IT Revolution |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e44jCgAAQBAJ&q=Information+technology+industry+in+india |publisher= MIT Press |isbn=9780262028752 }}
* {{cite book |last=Parayil |first=G. |date=2016 |title=Political Economy and Information Capitalism in India: Digital Divide, Development Divide and Equity Technology, Globalization and Development |publisher=Springer |isbn=9780230595613 }}
* {{cite book |last1=Vittal |first1=N.|last2=Mahalingam |first2=S. |date=2001 |title=Information Technology: India's Tomorrow |publisher=Manas Publications |isbn=9788170491194 }}
* {{cite book |last=Franda |first= Marcus F. |date=2002 |title=China and India Online: Information Technology Politics and Diplomacy in the World's Two Largest Nations |url=https://archive.org/details/chinaindiaonline0000fran|url-access=registration |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=9780742519466 }}
* {{cite book |last=Ezer |first=Jonathan |date=2010 |title=Perceptions of Information Technology in India: A study of the institutional forces that impact how technology is taught, and learned, at Indian Universities |publisher=LAP Lambert Academic Publishing |isbn=9783838372792 }}

{{Economy of India}}
{{Asia topic|Information technology in}}

[[Category:Information technology in India| ]]
[[Category:Industries in India]]

Information technology in India - Revision history

82.132.236.98: general improve details for clarity and improved wording after review

UpdateBot: robot: Update article

>SambitK at 03:57, 7 July 2021