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Undid revision 1026099021 by 42.111.15.185 (talk)

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{{Short description|Indian border guard for the Indo-Tibetan border}}
{{more citations needed|date=October 2014}}
{{EngvarB|date=May 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2014}}
{{Infobox law enforcement agency
|agencyname = Indo-Tibetan Border Police
|commonname =
|nativenamea =
|abbreviation =
|patch =
|patchcaption =
|logo = Indo-Tibetan_Border_Police_Logo.png
|logocaption = Emblem of the Indo-Tibetan Border Police
|badge =
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|flag =
|flagcaption =
|motto = ''Shaurya'' – ''Dridhata'' – ''Karm Nishtha''
|mottotranslated = ''Valour'' – ''Steadfastness and Commitment
|mission =
|formedyear = 1962
|formedmonthday = 24 October
|preceding1 =
|budget ={{INRConvert|6567.17|c|1}} <small>(2021-22)</small><ref>{{cite web |title=Budget 2021: MHA gets ₹1,66,547 cr, majority for border forces, census ops|url=https://www.livemint.com/budget/news/budget-2021-mha-gets-1-66-547-cr-majority-for-border-forces-census-ops/amp-11612186863808.html|publisher=Mint|access-date=1 February 2021}}</ref>
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|country = India
|countryabbr = IN
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|governingbody = [[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)]]
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|constitution1 = Indo-Tibetan Border Police Force Act, 1992
|headquarters = [[New Delhi]], India
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|electeetype = Minister
|minister1name = [[Amit Shah]]
|minister1pfo = Union Home Minister
|chief1name = [[S S Deswal]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://itbpolice.nic.in/itbpwebsite/index.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2016-01-26 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160129224547/http://itbpolice.nic.in/itbpwebsite/index.html |archive-date=29 January 2016 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
|chief1position = [[Director General]] of ITBP
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}}

The '''Indo-Tibetan Border Police''' ('''ITBP''') is India's primary border patrol organization for its border with [[China]]'s [[Tibet Autonomous Region]]. It is one of the five [[Central Armed Police Forces]] of [[India]], raised on 24 October 1962, under the CRPF Act, in the wake of the [[Sino-Indian War]] of 1962.
{{Politics of India}}
In September 1996, the Parliament of India enacted the "Indo-Tibetan Border Police Force Act, 1992" to "provide for the constitution and regulation" of the ITBP "for ensuring the security of the borders of India and for matters connected therewith".<ref name="ITBP act">{{cite web|title=THE INDO-TIBETAN BORDER POLICE FORCE ACT, 1992 ACT No. 35 OF 1992|url=http://itbpolice.nic.in/itbpwebsite/Documents/ITBP-Act.pdf|publisher=Government of India|access-date=29 September 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141029033512/http://itbpolice.nic.in/itbpwebsite/Documents/ITBP-Act.pdf|archive-date=29 October 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="Histort, ItBP">{{cite web|title=HISTORY AND ROLE OF ITBP|url=http://itbpolice.nic.in/itbpwebsite/mar.html|website=ITBP|publisher=ITBP|access-date=29 September 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150415040154/http://itbpolice.nic.in/itbpwebsite/mar.html|archive-date=15 April 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The first head of the ITBP, designated Inspector General, was Balbir Singh, a police officer previously belonging to the Intelligence Bureau. The ITBP, which started with 4 battalions, has, since restructuring in 1978, undergone expansion to a force of 60 Battalions with 15 Sectors and 05 Frontiers as of 2018<ref>{{Cite journal|date=24 October 2017|title=56th Anniversary Special 2017 Magazine|url=http://itbpolice.nic.in/itbpwebsite/PRO_new/Pro/Pro_doc/ITBP%20Annual%20Issue%20Souvenir%202017.pdf|journal=ITBP Annual Magazine 2017|publisher=Angkor Publishers (P) Ltd.|pages=96|via=ITBP}}</ref> with a sanctioned strength of 89,432.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/EnglAnnualReport2016-17_17042017.pdf|title=MHA Annual Report 2016-2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170808200948/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/EnglAnnualReport2016-17_17042017.pdf|archive-date=8 August 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
[[File:Nathu La - Indo China Border.jpg|thumb|305x305px|Indo-China border at Nathu La, is guarded by the ITBP|alt=|right]]

The ITBP is trained in the Civil Medical Camp, [[disaster management]], and [[Nuclear and radiation accidents|nuclear]], biological and chemical disasters. ITBP personnel have been deployed abroad in UN peacekeeping missions in [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]], [[Kosovo]], [[Sierra Leone]], [[Haiti]], [[Western Sahara]], [[Sudan]], [[Afghanistan]], and elsewhere. Two battalions of ITBP are deputed to [[National Disaster Response Force]].

== Command Control superstructure ==
ITBP, for the first two decades since its raising in 1962, until 1983, was headed by Inspector Generals of Police (IGs), all drawn from the IPS. In this period (1963–83), IGs had stable tenures, for instance B Chatterjee, IG, was head of the force from 02-06-1964 to 31-08-1974, and R N Sheopory, as IG, was head from 03-09-1974 to 22-12-1980. In 1983, the [[Indira Gandhi]] led Congress Government, upgraded ITBP head to Director General (DG). Since then, there has exponentially expansion of higher ranks, accompanied by volatility in the tenures of the head of ITBP. Instead of one IG as in 1983, ITBP now has 16 DG/IGs, and over 40 DIGs. The average tenure of DGs is about a year plus, and in some cases barely a few weeks, for instance B.B. Nandy, IPS, was DG (10-01-1997 to 03-04-1997), for just 28 weeks. Going by the trend of short tenures of DGs, it would appear that the Government is not overly concerned about command control, or in maintaining command continuity in the ITBP.<ref name="official Force, MHA, GOI">{{cite web|last1=MHA|title=official website of Indo-Tibetan Border Police Force, MHA, GOI|url=http://itbpolice.nic.in/itbpwebsite/index.html|publisher=MHA|access-date=26 January 2016|date=2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160129224547/http://itbpolice.nic.in/itbpwebsite/index.html|archive-date=29 January 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The post of DG was again upgraded by the [[Manmohan Singh]] led [[United Progressive Alliance|UPA]] Government in 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://persmin.gov.in/DOPT/Acts_Rules/AIS_Rules/Revised_AIS_Rules_Vol_III_Updated_Upto_31Oct2011/Revised_AIS_Rule_Vol_III_IPS_Rule_08.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140308035404/http://persmin.gov.in/DOPT/Acts_Rules/AIS_Rules/Revised_AIS_Rules_Vol_III_Updated_Upto_31Oct2011/Revised_AIS_Rule_Vol_III_IPS_Rule_08.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=8 March 2014 |title=INDIAN POLICE SERVICE (PAY) RULES, 2007 |publisher=Government Of India Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances & ... Department of Personnel & Training (DOPT) |last1=Department of Personnel & Training (DOPT) |access-date=26 May 2015 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

More than a year after the [[Government of India|central government]] sanctioned raising of two commands of ITBP, the commands are now operationalised. ITBP shall have two commands one each at [[Chandigarh]] and [[Guwahati]] head by a cadre officer of ADG rank. Manoj Rawat, presently IG with ITBP HQ has been entrusted with the responsibility of raising the ITBP's Western Command at [[Chandigarh]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Service|first=Tribune News|title=New ITBP commands to be functional within two months|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/new-itbp-commands-to-be-functional-within-two-months-51385|access-date=2020-06-05|website=Tribuneindia News Service|language=en}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Item !! DG !! IGs!! DIGs !! Remarks
|-
| Hqs|| 1 || 7|| 13||-
|-
| Frontier hqs || - || 7|| - || -
|-
| Sector hqs || - || -|| 15 || -
|-
| Training || - || 1 ||12 || -
|-
| Total<ref name="official Force, MHA, GOI"/> || 1 || 15|| 40 || -
|}

=== ITBP Chiefs ===
# Balbir Singh, IG -02/02/1963-02/06/1964
# B Chatarjee, IG -02/06/1964-31/08/1974
# R N Sheopory, DG -03/09/1974-22/12/1980
# K Ramamurti, DG -22/12/1980-31/01/1981
# Shiv Raj Bahadur, DG -04/06/1981-31/12/1983
# Shiv Swaroop, DG -01/01/1984
# M C Mishra, DG -19/03/1984-28/03/1985
# O P Bhutani, DG -28/03/1985-28/02/1987
# J M Qureshi, DG -28/02/1987-02/03/1988
# G S Mander, DG -02/03/1988-08/07/1988
# DVIN Rama Krishna, DG -08/07/1988-31/01/1992
# R K Wadehra, DG -31/01/1992-31/01/1993
# D K Arya, DG -3/02/1993-31/01/1994
# S C Mehta, DG -31/01/1994-16/04/1994
# R C Jha, DG -16/04/1994-31/03/1995
# Jogender Singh, DG -31/01/1995-10/04/1996
# R K Sharma, DG -10/04/1996-10/01/1997
# B B Nandi, DG -10/01/1997-03/04/1997
# Nikhil Kumar, DG -03/04/1997-03/12/1997
# Gautam Kaul, DG -01/06/1998-31/03/2001
# S C Chaube, DG -31/03/2001-31/12/2002
# R C Agarwal, DG -31/12/2002-30/06/2004
# K J Singh, DG -01/07/2004-30/04/2005
# S K Kain, DG -05/05/2005-31/10/2005
# N C Joshi, DG -01/11/2005-31/12/2005
# Sh V K Joshi, DG -01/01/2006-02/05/2008
# Sh Vikram Srivastava, DG -02/05/2008-31/01/2010
# R K Bhatia, DG -01/02/2010-31/08/2011
# Ranjit Sinha, DG -01/09/2011-19/12/12
# Ajay Chadha, DG -19/12/12-31/08/2013
# Subhas Goswami, DG -11/11/2013-31/12/2014
# Krishna Chaudhary, DG -31/12/2014-30/06/2017
# R K Pachnanda, DG -01/07/2017-31/10/2018
# S S Deswal, DG -31/10/2018-Till Date

== Roles ==
ITBP is a multi-dimensional force which primarily has 5 functions:
# Vigil on the northern borders, detection and prevention of border violations, and promotion of the sense of security among the local populace.
# Check illegal immigration and trans-border smuggling.
# Provide security to sensitive installations and threatened VIPs
# Restore and preserve order in any area in the event of a disturbance.
# To maintain peace.
[[File: Ski Contingent of the ITBP during their 53rd Raising Day Parade, 2014.JPG| thumb|305x305px|Ski Contingent of the ITBP during their 53rd Raising Day Parade, 2014|alt=|right]]
Presently, battalions of ITBP are deployed on border guard duties from [[Karakoram Pass]] in [[Ladakh]] to Diphu La in [[Arunachal Pradesh]], covering 3,488  km of the [[India-China border]]. Manned border posts are at altitudes as high as {{convert|21000|ft}} in the western, middle & eastern sector of the border. ITBP is a mountain trained force and most of the officers & men are professionally trained mountaineers and skiers. The force is under an expansion plan in order to provide relief to its troops from constant deployment in high altitude areas under the dynamic and professional leadership of Subhash Goswami, IPS.
* The border posts manned by ITBP are exposed to high velocity [[storms]], snow blizzards, avalanches, and landslides, besides the hazards of high altitude and extreme cold, where the temperature dips up to minus 40-degree Celsius. ITBP conducts Long Range and Short Range patrols to keep an effective vigil on inaccessible and unmanned areas on the border.
* The ITBP has recently taken on a disaster management role. Being the first responder for natural Disaster in [[Himalayas]], ITBP was the first to establish 06 (now 08) Regional Response Centres in [[Himachal Pradesh]], [[Uttarakhand]] and [[Northeast India]] and carried out numerous rescue and relief operations in various disaster situations, which took place in our areas of responsibility as well as other parts of the country. ITBP has already trained 1032 personnel in Disaster Management including 98 personnel in [[Nuclear and radiation accidents|Radiological]] and Chemical and Biological emergencies.
* ITBP has established a National Centre for Training in Search, Rescue & Disaster response at Bhanu, [[Haryana]] which is imparting training to personnel of ITBP and other Paramilitary / State Police Forces. There is also a training centre for the Dogs at Basic Training centre situated at Bhanu. The centre is known as NICD.
* ITBP Commando units provide security to the Embassy and consulates of India in [[Afghanistan]]. Besides this two Companies of the ITBP are providing security in Afghanistan.
* One company of ITBP is deployed in United Nation Mission in Congo since November 2005. A National Centre for UNCIVPOL training has been set up at ITBP Camp, Tigri, [[Khanpur, Delhi]] for providing systematic training to Indian Police Officers for deployment in UN Mission.
* ITBP is also providing security to the pilgrims during Annual [[Kailash Manasarovar Yatra|Kailash Mansarovar Yatra]] from 1981. ITBP provides communication, security and medical cover to the yatries from Gunji to Lipulekh Pass and back to Gunji in co-ordination with MEA and Kumaon Mandal Vikas Nigam.
*ITBP has provided [[Quarantine]] camp at Chhawala in New Delhi for the suspected persons during the [[COVID-19 pandemic]] who were evacuated from [[Wuhan]]. It is also setting up camps at its other locations in the country for further quarantine.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/india-fights-corona-itbp-to-set-up-4-new-quarantine-sites/articleshow/74615255.cms|title=India fights coronavirus: ITBP to set up 4 new quarantine sites {{!}} India News - Times of India|last1=Mar 13|first1=Rohan Dua {{!}} TNN {{!}} Updated|last2=2020|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2020-03-13|last3=Ist|first3=20:29}}</ref>

[[File:Chitkul border of India.jpg|thumb|305x305px|Chitkul Village, as seen from the road to the ITBP checkpost|alt=|right]]
ITBP's major training centre is located at [[Mussoorie]], in [[Uttarakhand]]. The Training Academy has been established in 1976 and imparts training to Officers of the force. The training programme to Suboridnate Officers of the force are conducted at Central Training College Alwar and Basic Training College, Bhanu (Haryana). Specialised training programmes in rock craft, explosives handling etc. are also conducted here. Ace mountaineer and [[Padma Shri]] awardee, [[Harbhajan Singh (mountaineer)|Harbhajan Singh]], IG heads this institution. Keeping in view the evolving security scenario of the country, ITBP established a [[Counter-Insurgency and Jungle Warfare School (India)|Counter Insurgency and Jungle Warfare School]] (CIJW) at an altitude of 6,000 feet in the heart of extremely tough Himalayan mountains, at Mahidanda in [[Uttarkashi]] district. The CIJW school provides training to ITBP's men and officers in anti-Naxal Operations. Jungle warfare, handling of explosives, rock craft, survival in adverse conditions, unarmed combat, and guerrilla warfare are some of the subjects trained here. On account of demands to realistic Anti naxal training the CIJW School of ITBP was shifted to [[Belgaon|Belgaum Karnataka]]

The training regime, formulated under the close supervision of Rajiv Mehta, IPS and executed on the ground by Sanjeev Raina, DIG is extremely demanding both mentally and physically, needing special preparation.
The presence of the force along the Indo China border where it maintains vigil along the extremely difficult high altitude border area. The troops of the force keep a sharp eye on any violation of the border, trans-border smuggling, and affords a sense of security to the remotely located isolated settlements. The altitude where the troops are deployed range up to 18,800 feet and the temperature plummets to minus 30 degrees during winter with snowfall of more than ten feet.

The force is synonymous with adventure and dare-devilry and has undertaken numerous mountaineering expeditions. Its skiers have been national champions, who have competed winter Olympics. Its river rafters have created international history in rafting through the turbulent white waters of the mighty Brahmaputra, the Indus and the Ganges. The Force has created a milestone by becoming the first Central Para Military Force to grab up the Best Marching Contingent Trophy in the Republic Day parades in 1998, 1999, 2000 and 2011. It broke new ground in 1998 when it sent the first-ever police tableau of the country to participate in the Republic Day Parade. ITBP is at the forefront of a movement for the preservation of Himalayan [[Natural environment|environment]] and ecology. ITBP has taken up in a big way the task of greening the Himalayan regions especially in Inner [[Himalayas]]. Being the only human presence in areas close to China border, it has taken on itself the task of maintaining the delicate balance of flora and fauna.

ITBP being deployed in mountains has developed the expertise in rescue & relief operations in mountains, which entail different specialised skills of a very high standard. It is always first in extending rescue & relief in case of natural calamity. ITBP conducts a large number of civic action programmes in the remote border and terrorist affected areas to provide free and expert medical, health and hygiene care to the civilian population in remote villages.

As of June 2004, the Academy has trained 3,785 GOs, 7,776 SOs and 27,476 Other Ranks from ITBP and CPOs/ State Police Forces.

== Training centres ==
[[File:The ITBP Marching Contingent passes through the Rajpath, on the occasion of the 69th Republic Day Parade 2018, in New Delhi on January 26, 2018.jpg|thumb|305x305px| The ITBP Marching Contingent passes through the Rajpath, on the occasion of the 69th Republic Day Parade 2018|alt=|right]]
ITBP training centres develop amongst the trainees the qualities of: professional skills, esprit de corps and leadership. They are taught the values of integrity, impartiality and respect for all castes, creeds and religions.
Maintaining the highest tradition of supreme sacrifice in the service of motherland the Himveers are also taught to function effectively while always keeping in mind human rights and the codes of war which always guide their conduct.

The Basic Training Centre at Bhanu, Haryana ITBP Academy at Mussourie, and the Mountaineering & Skiing Institute at Auli run the training programmes and conduct indoor and outdoor training activities, in pursuance of this mission.

The motto of the ITBP, ''Shaurya, dridata, karm nishtha'' ''(Valour, determination, devotion to duty)'' has always inspired its men in accepting challenges to bring glory to the nation and honour to the force. In the course of active duties, the force has earned a number of Civil and Service honours, and decorations like Padma Shree – 2, Shaurya Chakra – 1, Sena Medal – 1, President's Police Medal for Gallantry – 3, Police Medal for Gallantry – 44, President's Police Medal for Distinguished Service – 63, Police Medal for Meritorious Service – 292 and the Prime Minister's Life Saving Medal – 54.

ITBP has undergone a massive expansion plan to provide much needed relief to its troops who remain deployed in the tough high altitude terrain for most part of their service. 13 units were raised in the year 2006–07, followed by another 7 units the following year.

Personnel of veterinary wing of ITBP are trained in "Yak handling and Management", at [[Indian Council of Agricultural Research|ICAR]]-National Research Institute on Yak. [[Yaks]] are used by ITBP for transportation and logistics.

ITBP is building full fledge recreation and Training centre in [[Belgaum]] at Halbhavi, [[Belgaum]] provides the best climate for recreation and ITBP will relocate the personal and will have large family bases in Belgaum for its soldiers after high altitude stressful.

== Education and Stress Counselling Services in ITBP ==
ITBP is the only Central Armed Police Force in India, which has combatised stress counsellors in its Field units, Formations Including the Ranks - Deputy Commandants ESC, Assistant Commandant-ESC, Inspector-ESC, Sub Inspector-ESC and Head Constable-ESC. These uniformed stress counsellors also play a major role in improving education for ITBP wards and the local children near ITBP Units. There are 21 ITBP Public Schools across the country run by ESC personnel of ITBPolice Force.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://itbpolice.nic.in/itbpwebsite/itbpschools.html |title=Home | Indo Tibetan Border Police, Ministry of Home Affairs |access-date=2017-09-27 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170927155942/http://itbpolice.nic.in/itbpwebsite/itbpschools.html |archive-date=27 September 2017 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
[[File:Nathu La Pass - Indian Army Dancing with Civilians.jpg|thumb|305x305px|ITBP personnel interacting with civilians in Nathu La|alt=|right]]
ITBP Schools are located at remote areas like Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Leh and Sonipat, Dwarka Delhi.

== Non-military activities ==
The ITBP organize an ice-hockey team which is considered one of the strongest in the country with many of its players also participating in the national team.<ref>{{cite web|title=Indo-Tibet Border Police Defeat Army To Win Ladakh Ice Hockey Tournament|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/indo-tibet-border-police-defeat-army-to-win-ladakh-ice-hockey-tournament-1984036}}</ref> The team have won the [[Indian Ice Hockey Championship]] on at least three occasions, most recently in 2019.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ladakh: ITBP wins National Ice hockey tournament|url=https://www.aninews.in/news/sports/hockey/ladakh-itbp-wins-national-ice-hockey-tournament20190127162406/}}</ref>

== Fatalities ==
* Assistant Commandant Ashok Kumar Rana was killed in 1998 at Chirwar, in the state of [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]], in an encounter with terrorists in jammu and Kashmir.
* Deputy Commandant Joy Lal, HC Khajan Singh, HC Shamsher Singh,& CT Kailash Chand were killed in a land mine blast.
* [[Inspector]] Raj Kumar was killed in 1997 in an encounter terrorist in Wangam in Jammu and Kashmir, and was posthumously decorated.
* [[Constable]] Suresh Kumar was killed in December 1994 in an encounter with terrorists in Jammu and Kashmir, and was posthumously decorated.
* Constable Kishan Ram killed in March 1994 in an encounter with terrorists in District Anantnag in the state of Jammu and Kashmir, and was posthumously decorated.
* Three members of the ITBP were also killed in an attempt to climb [[Mount Everest]] during a [[1996 Everest Disaster|severe storm in 1996]].
* CT Ajay Pathania and Roop Singh were killed during [[2008 bombing of Indian embassy in Kabul]]. Both have been honoured with Kirti Chakra on 15 August 2008.
* Six ITBP personnel were killed during rescue operations in flood hit Uttarakhand when the Mi-17V5 helicopter of IAF crashed due to bad weather.{{when|date=March 2019}}

== See also ==
* [[Assam Rifles]]
* [[Border outpost]]
* [[Border Security Force]]
* [[Central Industrial Security Force]]
* [[Central Reserve Police Force]]
* [[Indo-Tibetan Border Police (Water Wing)]]
* [[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Ministry of Home Affairs]]
* [[National Security Guard]]
* [[Sashastra Seema Bal]]

== References ==
<ref>[http://ugctet.in/itbp-assistance-commandant-gd-ldce-result/1161 ITBP Assistant Commandant GD LDCE Result] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141009152019/http://ugctet.in/itbp-assistance-commandant-gd-ldce-result/1161 |date=9 October 2014 }} UGCTET. Retrieved 9 October 2014.</ref>
{{Reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Indo-Tibetan Border Police}}
* [http://itbpolice.nic.in/itbpwebsite/index.html ITBP website]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070812222925/http://trg.svpnpa.gov.in/pt/ITBPabtacad.asp ITBP Academy]

{{Home Ministry (India)}}
{{Law enforcement in India}}
{{Border guards}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:1962 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Border guarding forces of India]]
[[Category:Government agencies established in 1962]]
[[Category:Paramilitary forces of India]]
[[Category:Federal law enforcement agencies of India]]
[[Category:China–India border]]

Indo-Tibetan Border Police - Revision history

DongXqz408: small fix

2409:4073:4E0F:A941:CE0:607C:8A64:EBEE at 08:23, 3 November 2022

>Ninetyone: Undid revision 1026099021 by 42.111.15.185 (talk)