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	The '''Indo-Australian Plate''' is a [[List of tectonic plates#Major plates\|major tectonic plate]] that includes the [[Australia (continent)\|continent of Australia]] and surrounding [[ocean]], and extends northwest to include the [[Indian subcontinent]] and adjacent waters. It was formed by the fusion of Indian and Australian plates approximately 43 million years ago.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://austhrutime.com/indo-australian_plate.htm\|title=The Indo-Australian Plate\|website=austhrutime.com}}</ref> The fusion happened when the [[mid-ocean ridge]] in the [[Indian Ocean]], which separated the two plates, ceased spreading.<ref>{{cite journal \|last1=Keep \|first1=Myra \|last2=Schellart \|first2=Wouter P. \|title=Introduction to the thematic issue on the evolution and dynamics of the Indo-Australian plate \|journal=[[Australian Journal of Earth Sciences]] \|year=2012 \|volume=59, 2012 \|issue=6: THEMATIC ISSUE — Evolution and dynamics of the Indo-Australian plate \|pages=807–808 \|doi=10.1080/08120099.2012.708360 \|s2cid=128996831 }}</ref>		The '''Indo-Australian Plate''' is a [[List of tectonic plates#Major plates\|major tectonic plate]] that includes the [[Australia (continent)\|continent of Australia]] and surrounding [[ocean]], and extends northwest to include the [[Indian subcontinent]] and adjacent waters. It was formed by the fusion of Indian and Australian plates approximately 43 million years ago.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://austhrutime.com/indo-australian_plate.htm\|title=The Indo-Australian Plate\|website=austhrutime.com}}</ref> The fusion happened when the [[mid-ocean ridge]] in the [[Indian Ocean]], which separated the two plates, ceased spreading.<ref>{{cite journal \|last1=Keep \|first1=Myra \|last2=Schellart \|first2=Wouter P. \|title=Introduction to the thematic issue on the evolution and dynamics of the Indo-Australian plate \|journal=[[Australian Journal of Earth Sciences]] \|year=2012 \|volume=59, 2012 \|issue=6: THEMATIC ISSUE — Evolution and dynamics of the Indo-Australian plate \|pages=807–808 \|doi=10.1080/08120099.2012.708360 \|s2cid=128996831 }}</ref>

			==Regions==
			[[India]], [[Australia]], [[New Guinea]], [[Tasmania]], [[New Zealand]], and [[New Caledonia]] are all fragments of the ancient [[supercontinent]] of [[Gondwana]]. As the [[ocean floor]] broke apart, these land masses fragmented from one another, and for a time these centers were thought to be dormant and fused into a single plate. However, recent research indicates plate separation, so it will take time for publications to correctly corroborate this fact.

			==Characteristics==
			The eastern side of the plate is the convergent boundary with the [[Pacific plate]]. The Pacific plate sinks below the Australian plate and forms the [[Kermadec Trench]] and the island arches of [[Tonga]] and [[Kermadec Islands\|Kermadec]]. New Zealand is situated along the southeastern boundary of the plate, which with New Caledonia make up the southern and northern ends of the ancient landmass of [[Zealandia]], which separated from Australia 85 million years ago. The central part of Zealandia sank under the sea.

			The southern margin of the plate forms a divergent boundary with the [[Antarctic plate]]. The western side is subdivided by the [[Indian plate]] that borders the [[Arabian plate]] to the north and the [[African plate]] to the south. The northern margin of the Hindustani plate forms a convergent boundary with the [[Eurasian plate]], which constitutes the active orogenic process of the [[Himalayas]] and the Hindukush mountains.

			The northeast side of the Australian plate forms a subduction boundary with the Eurasian plate in the [[Indian Ocean]] and between the borders of [[Bangladesh]] and [[Burma]], and to the southwest of the Indonesian islands of [[Sumatra]] and [[Borneo]]. The subsidence boundary through [[Indonesia]] is reflected in the [[Wallace line]].

	==Plate movements==		==Plate movements==
	The eastern part (~~Australia~~) is moving northward at the rate of {{convert\|5.6\|cm\|in\|abbr=on}} per year while the western part (~~India~~) is moving only at the rate of {{convert\|3.7\|cm\|in\|abbr=on}} per year due to the impediment of the Himalayas. This differential movement has resulted in the compression of the former plate near its centre at Sumatra and the division into the Indian and Australian Plates.<ref>{{cite web \|date=26 September 2012 \|url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg21528843.500-earth-cracking-up-under-indian-ocean.html \|title=Earth cracking up under Indian Ocean \|publisher=New Scientist \|access-date=14 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal \|title=April 2012 intra-oceanic seismicity off Sumatra boosted by the Banda-Aceh megathrust \|first1=Matthias\|last1=Delescluse \|first2=Nicolas\|last2=Chamot-Rooke \|first3=Rodolphe\|last3=Cattin \|first4=Luce\|last4=Fleitout \|first5=Olga\|last5=Trubienko \|first6=Christophe\|last6=Vigny \|date=26 September 2012 \|journal=Nature \|volume=490\|issue=7419\|pages=240–4 \|doi=10.1038/nature11520\|pmid=23023134 \|s2cid=205230868}}</ref>		The eastern part ([[Australian Plate]]) is moving northward at the rate of {{convert\|5.6\|cm\|in\|abbr=on}} per year while the western part ([[Indian Plate]]) is moving only at the rate of {{convert\|3.7\|cm\|in\|abbr=on}} per year due to the impediment of the Himalayas. This differential movement has resulted in the compression of the former plate near its centre at Sumatra and the division into the Indian and Australian Plates.<ref>{{cite web \|date=26 September 2012 \|url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg21528843.500-earth-cracking-up-under-indian-ocean.html \|title=Earth cracking up under Indian Ocean \|publisher=New Scientist \|access-date=14 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal \|title=April 2012 intra-oceanic seismicity off Sumatra boosted by the Banda-Aceh megathrust \|first1=Matthias\|last1=Delescluse \|first2=Nicolas\|last2=Chamot-Rooke \|first3=Rodolphe\|last3=Cattin \|first4=Luce\|last4=Fleitout \|first5=Olga\|last5=Trubienko \|first6=Christophe\|last6=Vigny \|date=26 September 2012 \|journal=Nature \|volume=490\|issue=7419\|pages=240–4 \|doi=10.1038/nature11520\|pmid=23023134 \|s2cid=205230868}}</ref>

	A third plate, known as the [[Capricorn Plate]], may also be separating off the western side of the Indian plate as part of the continued breakup of the Indo-Australian Plate.<ref>{{cite news \| url=http://phys.org/news/2012-09-sumatra-quake-crustal-plate-breakup.html \| title=Sumatra quake was part of crustal plate breakup: Study shows huge jolt measured 8.7, ripped at least 4 faults \| work=[[Phys.Org]] \| date=26 September 2012 \| access-date=6 October 2012 \|first1=Lee \|last1=Siegel}}		A third plate, known as the [[Capricorn Plate]], may also be separating off the western side of the Indian plate as part of the continued breakup of the Indo-Australian Plate.<ref>{{cite news \| url=http://phys.org/news/2012-09-sumatra-quake-crustal-plate-breakup.html \| title=Sumatra quake was part of crustal plate breakup: Study shows huge jolt measured 8.7, ripped at least 4 faults \| work=[[Phys.Org]] \| date=26 September 2012 \| access-date=6 October 2012 \|first1=Lee \|last1=Siegel}}

>Chipmunkdavis: Reverted edits by 97.105.213.130 (talk) to last version by Perey

2021-05-26T14:31:45Z

Reverted edits by 97.105.213.130 (talk) to last version by Perey

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{{Short description|A major tectonic plate formed by the fusion of the Indian and Australian plates}}

[[File:Plates tect2 bis en.svg|thumb|500px|In orange and red is the Indo-Australian plate, shown as divided between the [[Indian Plate]] and the [[Australian Plate]]]]

The '''Indo-Australian Plate''' is a [[List of tectonic plates#Major plates|major tectonic plate]] that includes the [[Australia (continent)|continent of Australia]] and surrounding [[ocean]], and extends northwest to include the [[Indian subcontinent]] and adjacent waters. It was formed by the fusion of Indian and Australian plates approximately 43 million years ago.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://austhrutime.com/indo-australian_plate.htm|title=The Indo-Australian Plate|website=austhrutime.com}}</ref> The fusion happened when the [[mid-ocean ridge]] in the [[Indian Ocean]], which separated the two plates, ceased spreading.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Keep |first1=Myra |last2=Schellart |first2=Wouter P. |title=Introduction to the thematic issue on the evolution and dynamics of the Indo-Australian plate |journal=[[Australian Journal of Earth Sciences]] |year=2012 |volume=59, 2012 |issue=6: THEMATIC ISSUE — Evolution and dynamics of the Indo-Australian plate |pages=807–808 |doi=10.1080/08120099.2012.708360 |s2cid=128996831 }}</ref>

==Plate movements==
The eastern part (Australia) is moving northward at the rate of {{convert|5.6|cm|in|abbr=on}} per year while the western part (India) is moving only at the rate of {{convert|3.7|cm|in|abbr=on}} per year due to the impediment of the Himalayas. This differential movement has resulted in the compression of the former plate near its centre at Sumatra and the division into the Indian and Australian Plates.<ref>{{cite web |date=26 September 2012 |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg21528843.500-earth-cracking-up-under-indian-ocean.html |title=Earth cracking up under Indian Ocean |publisher=New Scientist |access-date=14 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |title=April 2012 intra-oceanic seismicity off Sumatra boosted by the Banda-Aceh megathrust |first1=Matthias|last1=Delescluse |first2=Nicolas|last2=Chamot-Rooke |first3=Rodolphe|last3=Cattin |first4=Luce|last4=Fleitout |first5=Olga|last5=Trubienko |first6=Christophe|last6=Vigny |date=26 September 2012 |journal=Nature |volume=490|issue=7419|pages=240–4 |doi=10.1038/nature11520|pmid=23023134 |s2cid=205230868}}</ref>

A third plate, known as the [[Capricorn Plate]], may also be separating off the western side of the Indian plate as part of the continued breakup of the Indo-Australian Plate.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://phys.org/news/2012-09-sumatra-quake-crustal-plate-breakup.html | title=Sumatra quake was part of crustal plate breakup: Study shows huge jolt measured 8.7, ripped at least 4 faults | work=[[Phys.Org]] | date=26 September 2012 | access-date=6 October 2012 |first1=Lee |last1=Siegel}}
</ref>

===Separation===
Recent studies, and evidence from seismic events such as the [[2012 Indian Ocean earthquakes]], suggest that the Indo-Australian Plate may have broken up into two or three separate plates due primarily to stresses induced by the collision of the Indo-Australian Plate with Eurasia along what later became the [[Himalayas]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.columbia.edu/cu/pr/95/18688.html|title=Press Release: An Earth Plate Is Breaking in Two|website=www.columbia.edu}}</ref><ref>R. R. Hillis, R. D. Müller. ''Evolution and Dynamics of the Australian Plate''</ref> and that the [[Indian Plate]] and [[Australian Plate]] have been separate since at least {{mya|3}}.<ref>{{cite book|chapter-url=http://www.earth.northwestern.edu/public/emile/PDF/EAO147.pdf |chapter=The January 26, 2001 Bhuj Earthquake and the Diffuse Western Boundary of the Indian Plate |last1=Stein|first1=Seth |title=Plate Boundary Zones |pages=243–254 |first2=Giovanni|last2=Sella |first3=Emile A.|last3=Okai |publisher=American Geophysical Union |date=2002 |doi=10.1029/GD030p0243 |access-date=26 December 2015|series=Geodynamics Series |isbn=9781118670446 }}
</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Tectonic plates}}

[[Category:Tectonic plates]]
[[Category:Geology of Australia|Plates]]
[[Category:Geology of India|Plates]]
[[Category:Geology of New Zealand|Plates]]
[[Category:New Guinea|Plates]]
[[Category:Geology of the Pacific Ocean|Plates]]
[[Category:Geology of the Indian Ocean|Plates]]
[[Category:Geology of Indonesia|Plates]]

Indo-Australian Plate - Revision history

UpdateBot: robot: Update article

>Chipmunkdavis: Reverted edits by 97.105.213.130 (talk) to last version by Perey