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	{{Short description\|Indo-European ethnolinguistic groups primarily concentrated in South Asia}}		{{Short description\|Indo-European ethnolinguistic groups primarily concentrated in South Asia}}
	{{Original research\|date=January 2021}}		{{Original research\|date=January 2021}}

>Ravi.kandy: /* List of historical Indo-Aryan peoples */

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List of historical Indo-Aryan peoples

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{{pp-pc1}}
{{Short description|Indo-European ethnolinguistic groups primarily concentrated in South Asia}}
{{Original research|date=January 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}}
{{Indo-European topics}}

'''Indo-Aryan peoples''' refers to both the pastoralist Indo-[[Aryan]] people [[Indo-Aryan migrations|migrating]] from [[Central Asia]] into [[South Asia]] in the second millennium BCE, introducing the [[Proto-Indo-Aryan language]],{{sfn|Anthony|2007}}{{sfn|Erdosy|2012}} as well as to contemporary [[ethnolinguistic group]]s speaking modern [[Indo-Aryan languages]], a subgroup of the [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European language family]].

==History==
{{Main|Aryan|Indo-European migrations|Indo-Aryan migrations}}
{{Further|Genetics and archaeogenetics of South Asia|Peopling of India}}

[[File:Indo-Iranian origins.png|thumb|right|Archaeological cultures associated with [[Indo-Iranian migration]]s (after [[Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture|EIEC]]). The [[Andronovo]], [[BMAC]] and [[Yaz culture]]s have often been associated with Indo-Iranian migrations. The [[Gandhara grave culture|GGC]], [[Cemetery H]], [[Copper Hoard culture|Copper Hoard]], [[Ochre Coloured Pottery culture|OCP]] and [[Painted Grey Ware culture|PGW]] cultures are candidates for cultures associated with [[Indo-Aryan migration]]s.]]

The introduction of the [[Indo-Aryan languages]] in the Indian subcontinent was the result of a [[Indo-Aryan migrations|migration of Indo-Aryan people]] from Central Asia into the northern [[Indian subcontinent]] (modern-day [[India]], [[Nepal]], [[Bhutan]], [[Bangladesh]], [[Pakistan]] and [[Sri Lanka]]). These migrations started approximately 1,800 BCE, after the invention of the war chariot, and also brought Indo-Aryan languages into the [[Levant]] and possibly [[Inner Asia]].{{sfn|Anthony|2009|p=49}}

The [[Proto-Indo-Iranians]], from which the Indo-Aryans developed, are identified with the [[Sintashta culture]] (2100–1800 BCE),{{sfn|Anthony|2007|p=390 (fig. 15.9), 405–411}}{{sfn|Kuz'mina|2007|p=222}} and the [[Andronovo culture]],{{sfn|Anthony|2009|p=49}} which flourished ca. 1800–1400 BCE in the steppes around the [[Aral sea]], present-day Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan. The proto-Indo-Aryan split off around 1800–1600 BCE from the Iranians,{{sfn|Anthony|2007|p=408}} moved south through the [[Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex|Bactria-Margiana Culture]], south of the Andronovo culture, borrowing some of their distinctive religious beliefs and practices from the BMAC, and then migrated further south into the [[Levant]] and north-western India.<ref>George Erdosy (1995). "The Indo-Aryans of Ancient South Asia: Language, Material Culture and Ethnicity", p. 279</ref>{{sfn|Anthony|2007}} The migration of the Indo-Aryans was part of the larger diffusion of [[Indo-European languages]] from the [[Proto-Indo-European Urheimat hypotheses|Proto-Indo-European homeland]] at the [[Pontic steppe]] which started in the 4th millennia BCE.{{sfn|Anthony|2007}}<ref>Johannes Krause mit Thomas Trappe: ''Die Reise unserer Gene.Eine Geschichte über uns und unsere Vorfahren.'' Propyläen Verlag, Berlin 2019, p. 148 ff.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/all-indoeuropean-languages-may-have-originated-from-this-one-place/|title=All Indo-European Languages May Have Originated From This One Place|website=IFLScience|language=en|access-date=26 December 2019}}</ref> The [[Gandhara grave culture|GGC]], [[Cemetery H]], [[Copper Hoard culture|Copper Hoard]], [[Ochre Coloured Pottery culture|OCP]] and [[Painted Grey Ware culture|PGW]] cultures are candidates for cultures associated with Indo-Aryans.

The Indo-Aryans were united by shared cultural norms and language, referred to as ''aryā'', "noble." Diffusion of this culture and language took place by patron-client systems, which allowed for the absorption and acculturalisation of other groups into this culture, and explains the strong influence on other cultures with which it interacted.

While the Indo-Aryan linguistic group occupies mainly northern parts of India, genetically, all South Asians across the Indian subcontinent are descendants from a mix of South Asian hunter-gatherers, Iranian hunter-gatherers, and Central-Asian steppe pastoralists in varying proportion.{{sfn|Reich et al.|2009}}{{sfn|Narasimhan et al.|2019}} Additionally, Austroasiatic and Tibeto-Burmese speaking people contributed to the genetic make-up of South Asia.{{sfn|Basu et al.|2016}}

[[Indigenous Aryanism]] propagates the idea that the Indo-Aryans were indigenous to the Indian subcontinent, and that the Indo-European languages spread from there to central Asia and Europe. Contemporary support for this idea is ideologically driven, and has no basis in objective data and mainstream scholarship.{{sfn|Witzel|2001|p=95}}{{sfn|Jamison|2006}}{{sfn|Guha|2007|p=341}}{{sfn|Fosse|2005|p=438}}{{snf|Olson|2016|p=136}}

== List of historical Indo-Aryan peoples ==
{{See also|List of Rigvedic tribes}}

{{div col |colwidth = 18em }}
* [[Anga]]s
* [[Bahlikas]]
* [[Bengalis]]
* [[Bharatas (tribe)|Bharatas]]
* [[Chedi Kingdom|Chedi]]
* [[Dewa]]
* [[Gandhara|Gandharis]]
* [[Gangaridai]]
* [[Gupta Empire|Gupta]]
* [[Kambojas]]
* [[Kalinga (historical kingdom)|Kalinga]]
* [[Kasmira Kingdom|Kasmira]]
* [[Kekaya]]
* [[Khasas]]
* [[Kikata Kingdom|Kikata]]
* [[Kosala]]
* [[Kuru (kingdom)|Kurus]]
* [[Licchavi (clan)|Licchavi]]s
* [[Madra Kingdom|Madra]]
* [[Magadha|Magadhis]]
* [[Malavas]]
* [[Malla (Ancient India)|Mallas]]
* [[Matsya Kingdom|Matsya]]
* [[Maurya Empire|Maurya]]
* [[Nanda Dynasty|Nanda]]
* [[Nishadha Kingdom|Nishadhas]]
* [[Odra Kingdom|Odra]]
* [[Pakthas]]
* [[Pala Empire|Pala]]
* [[Panchala]]
* [[Pulindas]]
* [[Pundra Kingdom|Paundra]]
* [[Puru (Vedic tribe)|Puru]]
* [[Raghuvanshi]]
* [[Rashtrakuta]]
* [[Salva (India)|Salva]]
* [[Salwa Kingdom|Salwa]]
* [[Saraswata Kingdom|Saraswata]]
* [[Sauvira Kingdom|Sauvira]]
* [[Sena Dynasty|Sena]]
* [[Shakya]]
* [[Sindhu Kingdom|Sindhu]]
* [[Sinhalese people|Sinhala]]
* [[Sudra Kingdom|Sudra]]
* [[Surasena]]
* [[Trigarta Kingdom|Trigarta]]
* [[Utkala Kingdom|Utkala]]
* [[Vanga Kingdom|Vanga]]
* [[Vatsa]]
* [[Vidarbha Kingdom|Vidarbha]]
* [[Videha]]
* [[Yadava]]
* [[Yadu]]
* [[Yaksha Kingdom|Yaksha]]
{{div col end}}

== Contemporary Indo-Aryan peoples ==
{{Infobox ethnic group
| group = Contemporary Indo-Aryan speaking groups
| image = [[File:Major Indo-Aryan languages.png|240px]]
| caption = 1978 map showing geographical distribution of the major Indo-Aryan languages. ([[Urdu]] is included under Hindi. [[Romani language|Romani]], [[Domari language|Domari]], and [[Lomavren language|Lomavren]] are outside the scope of the map.) Dotted/striped areas indicate where [[multilingualism]] is common.{{hidden| |
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
{{legend|#fe933c|[[Central Indo-Aryan|Central]]}}
{{legend|#fd15ac|[[Dardic languages|Dardic]]}}
{{legend|#effe27|[[Eastern Indo-Aryan languages|Eastern]]}}
{{legend|#ad27fe|[[Northern Indo-Aryan languages|Northern]]}}
{{legend|#274ffe|[[Northwestern Indo-Aryan languages|Northwestern]]}}
{{legend|#3bed69|[[Southern Indo-Aryan languages|Southern]]}}
{{legend|#fe1e1e|[[Western Indo-Aryan|Western]]}}
}}
| population = ~1.5 billion {{citation needed|date=January 2021}}
| popplace =
| region1 = {{flagcountry|India}}
| pop1 = over 911 million
| ref1 = <ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/india/ |title=India |work=The World Factbook }}</ref>
| region2 = {{flagcountry|Pakistan}}
| pop2 = over 233 million
| ref2 = <ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/pakistan/ |title=Pakistan |work=The World Factbook }}</ref>
| region3 = {{flagcountry|Bangladesh}}
| pop3 = over 160 million
| ref3 = <ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/bangladesh/ |title=Bangladesh |work=The World Factbook }}</ref>
| region4 = {{flagcountry|Nepal}}
| pop4 = over 26 million
| region5 = {{flagcountry|Sri Lanka}}
| pop5 = over 14 million
| region6 = {{flagcountry|Myanmar}}
| pop6 = over 1 million
| region7 = {{flagcountry|Maldives}}
| pop7 = over 300,000
| region8 = {{flagcountry|Bhutan}}
| pop8 = over 240,000
| ref8 = <ref name=UNHCR1>{{cite web |url = http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/country,,MARP,,BTN,,469f386a1e,0.html |title=Population of Lhotshampas in Bhutan |year=2004 |publisher=[[UNHCR]] |access-date=23 March 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121016143502/http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/country%2C%2CMARP%2C%2CBTN%2C%2C469f386a1e%2C0.html |archive-date=16 October 2012 }}</ref>
| langs = [[Indo-Aryan languages]]
| rels = [[Indian religions]] (Mostly [[Hindu]]; with [[Buddhism|Buddhist]], [[Sikh]] and [[Jain]] minorities) and [[Islam]], [[Christianity|Christian]]s and some non-religious [[atheist]]/[[agnostic]]
| related = |||||||
}}
{{div col|colwidth=18em}}
* [[Assamese people]]
* [[Awadhi people]]
* [[Banjara|Banjara people]]
* [[Bengali people]]
* [[Bhil people]]
* [[Bhojpuri people]]
* [[Bishnupriya Manipuri people]]
* [[Brokpa|Brokpa people]]
* [[Chakma people]]
* [[Deccani people]]
* [[Dhakaiyas|Dhakaiya people]]
* [[Dhivehi people]]
* [[Dogra people]]
* [[Garhwali people]]
* [[Gujarati people]]
* [[Halba (tribe)|Halba people]]
* [[Haryanvi people]]
* [[Jaunsari people]]
* [[Kalash people]]
* [[Kamrupi people]]
* [[Kashmiri people]]
* [[Khas people]]
* [[Kho people]]
* [[Kohistani people]]
* [[Konkani people]]
* [[Kumauni people]]
* [[Kutchi people]]
* [[Magahi people]]
* [[Maithils|Maithil people]]
* [[Marathi people]]
* [[Marwari people]]
* [[Nagpuri people]]
* [[Odia people]]
* [[Pashayi people]]
* [[Punjabi people]]
* [[Rajasthani people]]
* [[Romani people]]
* [[Rohingya people]]
* [[Saraiki people]]
* [[Saurashtra people]]
* [[Sindhi people]]
* [[Sinhalese people]]
* [[Sylhetis|Sylheti People]]
* [[Tharu people]]
* [[Warli]]
{{div col end}}

== See also ==
{{div col |colwidth = 30em }}
*[[Indo-Iranians]]
*[[Dardic peoples]]
*[[Aryan]]
*[[Aryan race]]
*[[Aryavarta]]
*[[Dasa]]
*[[Indo-Aryan languages]]
*[[Proto-Indo-Europeans]]
*[[Dravidian peoples]]
*[[Early Indians]]
*[[Indian diaspora]]
*[[Dewa (people)]]
{{div col end}}

== Notes ==
{{NoteFoot}}

== References ==
=== Citations ===
{{Reflist}}

=== Sources ===
{{refbegin|40em}}

* {{cite book |last = Anthony | first = David W. |year = 2007 |title = The Horse The Wheel And Language. How Bronze-Age Riders From the Eurasian Steppes Shaped The Modern World | publisher = Princeton University Press }}

* {{cite journal |vauthors = Basu A, Sarkar-Roy N, Majumder PP |title = Genomic reconstruction of the history of extant populations of India reveals five distinct ancestral components and a complex structure |journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=113|issue=6|pages=1594–9|date=February 2016 |pmid=26811443|pmc=4760789 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1513197113 |ref={{sfnref|Basu et al.|2016}} |bibcode=2016PNAS..113.1594B }}
* {{cite book |last=Beckwith |first=Christopher I. |author-link = Christopher I. Beckwith |title= Empires of the Silk Road: A History of Central Eurasia from the Bronze Age to the Present |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=-Ue8BxLEMt4C |date=16 March 2009 |publisher=[[Princeton University Press]] |isbn=978-1400829941 |access-date=30 December 2014 }}
* {{Cite book| last=Bryant | first=Edwin | author-link=Edwin Bryant (author) | title=The Quest for the Origins of Vedic Culture | publisher=Oxford University Press | year=2001 | isbn=0-19-513777-9}}

* {{Citation | editor-last =Erdosy | editor-first =George | year =2012 | title = The Indo-Aryans of Ancient South Asia: Language, Material Culture and Ethnicity | publisher =Walter de Gruyter}}

* {{Citation | last =Fosse | first =Lars Martin | year =2005 | chapter =ARYAN PAST AND POST-COLONIAL PRESENT. The polemics and politics of indigenous Aryanism | editor-last1 =Bryant | editor-first1 =Edwin | editor-last2 =Patton | editor-first2 = Laurie L. | title =The Indo-Aryan Controversy. Evidence and inference in Indian history | publisher =Routledge }}

* {{Citation | last =Guha | first =Sudeshna | year =2007 | title =Review. Reviewed Work: The Indo-Aryan Controversy: Evidence and Inference in Indian History by Edwin F. Bryant, Laurie Patton | journal = Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society |series=Third Series |volume=17 |issue=3 |pages=340–343 | doi =10.1017/S135618630700733X }}

* {{cite journal | last =Jamison | first =Stephanie W. | title =The Indo-Aryan controversy: Evidence and inference in Indian history (Book review) |url=http://www.safarmer.com/Indo-Eurasian/Bryant_Patton.review.pdf |journal=Journal of Indo-European Studies | volume =34 | year=2006 |pages=255–261 }}

* {{citation |last=Kuz'mina |first=Elena Efimovna |author-link=Elena Efimovna Kuzmina |editor=J. P. Mallory |editor-link=J. P. Mallory |title = The Origin of the Indo-Iranians |publisher=Brill |year=2007 |isbn=978-9004160545 }}

* {{cite book |last1=Loewe |first1=Michael |last2=Shaughnessy |first2=Edward L. |author-link1=Michael Loewe |author-link2=Edward L. Shaughnessy |title=The Cambridge History of Ancient China: From the Origins of Civilization to 221 BC |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=cHA7Ey0-pbEC |year=1999 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=0-5214-7030-7 |pages=87–88 |access-date=1 November 2013 }}

* Mallory, JP. 1998. "A European Perspective on Indo-Europeans in Asia". In ''The Bronze Age and Early Iron Age Peoples of Eastern and Central Asia''. Ed. Mair. Washington DC: Institute for the Study of Man.

* {{Citation | last1 =Narasimhan | first1 =Vagheesh M. | last2 =Patterson | first2 = N.J. |last3=Moorjani|first3=Priya|last4=Rohland|first4=Nadin| display-authors =etal | year =2019 | title = The Formation of Human Populations in South and Central Asia | journal =Science | volume =365 | issue =6457 | page = 7487 | url = https://scholar.harvard.edu/vagheesh/centralsouthasia| doi =10.1126/science.aat7487 | pmid =31488661 | pmc =6822619 | ref={{sfnref|Narasimhan et al.|2009}}}}

* {{citation | last1=Reich | first1=David | year=2009 | last2=Thangaraj | first2=Kumarasamy | last3=Patterson| first3=Nick | last4=Price| first4=Alkes L.| last5=Singh| first5=Lalji | title = Reconstructing Indian population history | journal=Nature | volume=461 | issue=7263| pages=489–494 | issn=0028-0836 | doi=10.1038/nature08365 | pmid=19779445 | pmc=2842210 | bibcode= 2009Natur.461..489R | ref={{sfnref|Reich et al.|2009}} }}

* Trubachov, Oleg N., 1999: Indoarica, Nauka, Moscow.

* {{Citation | last = Witzel | first = Michael | title = Autochthonous Aryans? The Evidence from Old Indian and Iranian Texts | journal = Electronic Journal of Vedic Studies |volume=7 |issue=3 |pages=1–115 |year=2001 | url = http://www.people.fas.harvard.edu/~witzel/EJVS-7-3.pdf }}
* {{Citation | last = Witzel | first = Michael | year =2005 | chapter = Indocentrism | editor1-last = Bryant | editor1-first = Edwin | editor2-last = Patton | editor2-first = Laurie L. | title = The Indo-Aryan Controversy. Evidence and inference in Indian history | publisher = Routledge | url = https://archive.org/details/EdwinBryantLauriePattonIndoAryanControversyEvidenceAndInferenceInIndianHistoryRoutledge2005 }}
{{refend}}

== External links ==
*[http://www.people.fas.harvard.edu/~witzel/RAJARAM/Har1.pdf Horseplay at Harappa - People Fas Harvard - Harvard University]
*[http://www.frontlineonnet.com/fl1723/17231220.htm A tale of two horses] - [[Frontline (magazine)|Frontline]]

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{{Uttarakhand}}

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Indo-Aryan Peoples}}
[[Category:Indo-Aryan peoples| ]]
[[Category:Indo-European peoples]]
[[Category:Modern Indo-European peoples| ]]
[[Category:Ancient peoples of India]]
[[Category:Ancient peoples of Pakistan]]
[[Category:Ancient peoples of Nepal]]

Indo-Aryan peoples - Revision history

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