Indians in China - Revision history

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	{{Infobox ethnic group		{{Infobox ethnic group
	\|group=Indians in China<br />"印度人在中国"<br />"Yìndùrén zài Zhōngguó"		\|group=Indians in China<br />"印度人在中国"<br />"Yìndùrén zài Zhōngguó"
	\|pop='''Mainland China''': 50,000+ (2015 estimates)<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://blogs.economictimes.indiatimes.com/et-commentary/india-and-china-need-a-push-to-encourage-more-people-to-live-across-the-border/\|title=India and China need a push to encourage more people to live across the border}}</ref><ref name="2010 Census" /><br />'''Hong Kong''': 28,600		\|pop='''Mainland China''': 50,000+ (2015 estimates)<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://blogs.economictimes.indiatimes.com/et-commentary/india-and-china-need-a-push-to-encourage-more-people-to-live-across-the-border/\|title=India and China need a push to encourage more people to live across the border\|date=12 May 2015}}</ref><ref name="2010 Census" /><br />'''Hong Kong''': 28,600
	\|popplace={{hlist\|[[Beijing]]\|[[Hong Kong]]\|[[Macau]]\|[[Guangzhou]]}}		\|popplace={{hlist\|[[Beijing]]\|[[Hong Kong]]\|[[Macau]]\|[[Shenzhen]]\|[[Guangzhou]]\|[[Yiwu]]}}
	\|langs={{hlist\|[[Cantonese]]\|[[Mandarin Chinese\|Mandarin]]\|[[English language\|English]]\|[[Languages of India\|Indian languages]]}}		\|langs={{hlist\|[[Cantonese]]\|[[Mandarin Chinese\|Mandarin]]\|[[English language\|English]]\|[[Languages of India\|Indian languages]]}}
	\|rels={{hlist\|[[Hinduism]]\|[[Buddhism]]\|[[Sikhism]]\|[[Jainism]]\|[[Islam]]}}		\|rels={{hlist\|[[Hinduism]]\|[[Buddhism]]\|[[Sikhism]]\|[[Jainism]]\|[[Islam]]}}
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	}}		}}

	The '''Indians in China''' are migrants from India to China and their descendants. Historically, Indians played a major role in disseminating [[~~Chinese Buddhism\|~~Buddhism in China]]. In modern times, there is a large long-standing community of Indians living in Hong Kong, often for descendants with several generations of roots and a growing population of students, traders and employees in [[Mainland China]]. The majority of Indians are [[East India~~\|East Indian~~]] Bengali, and Biharis as well as a high proportion of [[North India~~\|North indians~~]] (including [[Rajputs]], [[Marathas]] and [[Punjabis]] ~~(less in no)~~).		The '''Indians in China''' are migrants from India to China and their descendants. Historically, Indians played a major role in disseminating [[Buddhism in China]]. In modern times, there is a large long-standing community of Indians living in Hong Kong, often for descendants with several generations of roots and a growing population of students, traders and employees in [[Mainland China]]. The majority of Indians are [[East India]]n Bengali, and Biharis as well as a high proportion of [[North India]]ns (including [[Rajputs]], [[Marathas]] and [[Punjabis]]).

	==History==		==History==
	===Antiquity and Middle Ages===		===Antiquity and Middle Ages===
	In the ''[[Records of the Grand Historian]]'', [[Zhang Qian]] (d. 113 BC) and [[Sima Qian]] (145-90 BC) make references to "[[Shendu]] 身毒", which may have been referring to the [[Indus River\|Indus Valley]] (the [[Sindh]] province in modern [[Pakistan]]), originally known as "Sindhu" in [[Sanskrit]].{{dubious\|date=June 2018}} When [[Yunnan]] was annexed by the [[Han Dynasty]] in the first century, Chinese authorities reported an Indian "Shendu" community living there.<ref>Tan Chung (1998). [http://ignca.nic.in/ks_41019.htm ''A Sino-Indian Perspective for India-China Understanding''.] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070606221357/http://ignca.nic.in/ks_41019.htm \|date=2007-06-06 }}</ref> After the transmission of Buddhism from India to China from the first century onwards, many Indian scholars and monks travelled to China, such as [[Batuo]] ([[floruit\|fl.]] 464-495 AD)—founder of the [[Shaolin Monastery]]—and [[Bodhidharma]]—founder of [[Zen\|Chan/Zen]] Buddhism. There was also a large Tamil Indian community in [[Quanzhou]] city and [[Jinjiang district]] who built more than a dozen Hindu temples or shrines, including two grand big temples in Quanzhou city. In 1271, a visiting Italian merchant recorded that the Indians “were recognised easily.” “These rich Indian men and women mainly live on vegetables, milk and rice,” he wrote.<ref>{{Cite news\|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/behind-chinas-hindu-temples-a-forgotten-history/article4932458.ece\|title = Behind China's Hindu temples, a forgotten history\|newspaper = The Hindu\|date = 19 July 2013\|last1 = Krishnan\|first1 = Ananth}}</ref> The mass foreign influx forced all locals of Quanzhou to immigrate to Fuzhou or Ningde to get away from the indians and other foreigners, while only Quanzhou's [[Tanka people\|Tanka untouchables]] remained. As retribution for supporting the [[Ispah rebellion]], Chen's provincial armies exterminated most of the Tamil Indians, the small remainder of them who survived were deported to other parts of the Quanzhou region like Jinjiang or Nan'an or further south of Fujian. Many Indians gave their children to local farmers to save them from slaughter where they were raised up as Hokkiens. These have created north and south culture differences, Fuzhou and Putian northerners are stereotyped as stingy, intelligent and reserved while Hokkien southerners are stereotyped as vulgar, tolerant and friendly		In the ''[[Records of the Grand Historian]]'', [[Zhang Qian]] (d. 113 BC) and [[Sima Qian]] (145-90 BC) make references to "[[Shendu]] 身毒", which may have been referring to the [[Indus River\|Indus Valley]] (the [[Sindh]] province in modern [[Pakistan]]), originally known as "Sindhu" in [[Sanskrit]].{{dubious\|date=June 2018}} When [[Yunnan]] was annexed by the [[Han Dynasty]] in the first century, Chinese authorities reported an Indian "Shendu" community living there.<ref>Tan Chung (1998). [http://ignca.nic.in/ks_41019.htm ''A Sino-Indian Perspective for India-China Understanding''.] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070606221357/http://ignca.nic.in/ks_41019.htm \|date=2007-06-06 }}</ref> After the transmission of Buddhism from India to China from the first century onwards, many Indian scholars and monks travelled to China, such as [[Batuo]] ([[floruit\|fl.]] 464-495 AD)—founder of the [[Shaolin Monastery]]—and [[Bodhidharma]]—founder of [[Zen\|Chan/Zen]] Buddhism. There was also a large Tamil Indian community in [[Quanzhou]] city and [[Jinjiang district]] who built more than a dozen Hindu temples or shrines, including two grand big temples in Quanzhou city. In 1271, a visiting Italian merchant recorded that the Indians “were recognised easily.” “These rich Indian men and women mainly live on vegetables, milk and rice,” he wrote.<ref>{{Cite news\|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/behind-chinas-hindu-temples-a-forgotten-history/article4932458.ece\|title = Behind China's Hindu temples, a forgotten history\|newspaper = The Hindu\|date = 19 July 2013\|last1 = Krishnan\|first1 = Ananth}}</ref> The mass foreign influx forced all locals of Quanzhou to immigrate to Fuzhou or Ningde to get away from the indians and other foreigners, while only Quanzhou's [[Tanka people\|Tanka untouchables]] remained. As retribution for supporting the [[Ispah rebellion]], Chen's provincial armies exterminated most of the Tamil Indians, the small remainder of them who survived were deported to other parts of the Quanzhou region like Jinjiang or Nan'an or further south of Fujian. Many Indians gave their children to local farmers to save them from slaughter where they were raised up as Hokkiens.

	===Colonial Era===		===Colonial Era===
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	==Indian culture==		==Indian culture==
	The Indian Embassy has been organising the Festival of India in China over the years. An important component of it has been the food festivals held in Indian restaurants, spread over nearly 45 Chinese cities.		The Indian Embassy has been organising the Festival of India in China over the years. An important component of it has been the food festivals held in Indian restaurants, spread over nearly 45 Chinese cities.

	The Chinese government has invited the Swaminarayan Trust that runs the Akshardham temples in [[Delhi]] and in [[Gandhinagar]], to build an [[Akshardham (philosophy)\|Akshardham]] temple. A huge piece of land has been earmarked in the [[Guangdong]] province, which will not only house the temple but also an Indian cultural centre which will include a traditional Indian music learning centre and also various Indian language teaching centres on this temple premises.<ref>[http://news.iskcon.org/node/623/first_hindu_temple_be_built_china''First Hindu Temple to be Built in China''.] {{webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101127025941/http://news.iskcon.org/node/623/first_hindu_temple_be_built_china \|date=2010-11-27 }}</ref>

	==Notable people==		==Notable people==
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	==See also==		==See also==
	* [[Dwarkanath Kotnis]] - One of five Indian physicians dispatched to China during the [[Second Sino-Japanese War]]		* [[Dwarkanath Kotnis]] - One of five Indian physicians dispatched to China during the [[Second Sino-Japanese War]]
			* [[Chinas]]
			* [[Chinese people in India]]
	* [[Chindian\|Chindian people]]		* [[Chindian\|Chindian people]]
	* [[Indian Chinese cuisine\|Chindian cuisine]]		* [[Indian Chinese cuisine\|Chindian cuisine]]
	* [[~~Chinese community~~ in ~~India~~]]		* [[Indians in Korea]]
	* [[Hinduism in China]]		* [[Hinduism in China]]
	* [[Pakistanis in China]]		* [[Pakistanis in China]]

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{{Infobox ethnic group
|group=Indians in China<br />"印度人在中国"<br />"Yìndùrén zài Zhōngguó"
|pop='''Mainland China''': 50,000+ (2015 estimates)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://blogs.economictimes.indiatimes.com/et-commentary/india-and-china-need-a-push-to-encourage-more-people-to-live-across-the-border/|title=India and China need a push to encourage more people to live across the border}}</ref><ref name="2010 Census" /><br />'''Hong Kong''': 28,600
|popplace={{hlist|[[Beijing]]|[[Hong Kong]]|[[Macau]]|[[Guangzhou]]}}
|langs={{hlist|[[Cantonese]]|[[Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin]]|[[English language|English]]|[[Languages of India|Indian languages]]}}
|rels={{hlist|[[Hinduism]]|[[Buddhism]]|[[Sikhism]]|[[Jainism]]|[[Islam]]}}
|related={{hlist|[[Chindians]]}}
}}

The '''Indians in China''' are migrants from India to China and their descendants. Historically, Indians played a major role in disseminating [[Chinese Buddhism|Buddhism in China]]. In modern times, there is a large long-standing community of Indians living in Hong Kong, often for descendants with several generations of roots and a growing population of students, traders and employees in [[Mainland China]]. The majority of Indians are [[East India|East Indian]] Bengali, and Biharis as well as a high proportion of [[North India|North indians]] (including [[Rajputs]], [[Marathas]] and [[Punjabis]] (less in no)).

==History==
===Antiquity and Middle Ages===
In the ''[[Records of the Grand Historian]]'', [[Zhang Qian]] (d. 113 BC) and [[Sima Qian]] (145-90 BC) make references to "[[Shendu]] 身毒", which may have been referring to the [[Indus River|Indus Valley]] (the [[Sindh]] province in modern [[Pakistan]]), originally known as "Sindhu" in [[Sanskrit]].{{dubious|date=June 2018}} When [[Yunnan]] was annexed by the [[Han Dynasty]] in the first century, Chinese authorities reported an Indian "Shendu" community living there.<ref>Tan Chung (1998). [http://ignca.nic.in/ks_41019.htm ''A Sino-Indian Perspective for India-China Understanding''.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070606221357/http://ignca.nic.in/ks_41019.htm |date=2007-06-06 }}</ref> After the transmission of Buddhism from India to China from the first century onwards, many Indian scholars and monks travelled to China, such as [[Batuo]] ([[floruit|fl.]] 464-495 AD)—founder of the [[Shaolin Monastery]]—and [[Bodhidharma]]—founder of [[Zen|Chan/Zen]] Buddhism. There was also a large Tamil Indian community in [[Quanzhou]] city and [[Jinjiang district]] who built more than a dozen Hindu temples or shrines, including two grand big temples in Quanzhou city. In 1271, a visiting Italian merchant recorded that the Indians “were recognised easily.” “These rich Indian men and women mainly live on vegetables, milk and rice,” he wrote.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/behind-chinas-hindu-temples-a-forgotten-history/article4932458.ece|title = Behind China's Hindu temples, a forgotten history|newspaper = The Hindu|date = 19 July 2013|last1 = Krishnan|first1 = Ananth}}</ref> The mass foreign influx forced all locals of Quanzhou to immigrate to Fuzhou or Ningde to get away from the indians and other foreigners, while only Quanzhou's [[Tanka people|Tanka untouchables]] remained. As retribution for supporting the [[Ispah rebellion]], Chen's provincial armies exterminated most of the Tamil Indians, the small remainder of them who survived were deported to other parts of the Quanzhou region like Jinjiang or Nan'an or further south of Fujian. Many Indians gave their children to local farmers to save them from slaughter where they were raised up as Hokkiens. These have created north and south culture differences, Fuzhou and Putian northerners are stereotyped as stingy, intelligent and reserved while Hokkien southerners are stereotyped as vulgar, tolerant and friendly

===Colonial Era===
Indians (as well as people from elsewhere in the Portuguese colonial empire) were among the crew of the Portuguese ships trading on the Chinese coast
beginning in the sixteenth century. For example, [[Galeote Pereira]], one of the Portuguese smugglers captured off the [[Fujian]] coast in 1549 and exiled to [[Guangxi]], mentions [[Gujarati people|Gujarati]] servants among his companions.<ref>{{citation
|first1=Charles Ralph |last1=Boxer|first2= Galeote |last2=Pereira|first3= Gaspar da |last3=Cruz|first4= Martín de |last4=Rada
|author-link=C. R. Boxer
|publisher=Printed for the Hakluyt Society |year=1953
|title=South China in the sixteenth century: being the narratives of Galeote Pereira, Fr. Gaspar da Cruz, O.P. [and] Fr. Martín de Rada, O.E.S.A. (1550-1575)
|series=Issue 106 of Works issued by the Hakluyt Society
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ImoTAAAAIAAJ|page=37}}</ref>
In the same century Indians from former [[Portuguese India|Portuguese Indian Colonies]] (notably [[Goa]]) settled in [[Macau]] in small numbers.
<ref>[http://www.everyculture.com/Ja-Ma/Macau.html''Countries and Their Cultures''.]</ref>

The history of the Indians in Hong Kong could be drawn back since the day of [[British occupation]]. When the Union flag of the [[United Kingdom]] was hoisted on 26 January 1841, there were around 2,700<ref>Kwok S. T., Narain, K. (2003).''Co-Prosperity in Cross-Culturalism: Indians in Hong Kong''.P.18</ref> Indian troops participated. They had played an important role for the development of Hong Kong in early days. The most mentionable were the contributions of the set up of the [[University of Hong Kong]] (HKU)<ref>Kwok S. T., Narain, K. (2003).''Co-Prosperity in Cross-Culturalism: Indians in Hong Kong''.P.32</ref> and the [[Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation]] (HSBC).<ref>Kwok S. T., Narain, K. (2003).''Co-Prosperity in Cross-Culturalism: Indians in Hong Kong''.P.22</ref> Also, the [[Star Ferry]] was founded by Indians in 1888. In 1952, business leaders of the Indian community have founded The Indian Chamber of Commerce Hong Kong (ICCHK). It aimed at promoting and improving the image of India trade in Hong Kong and [[southern China]].

==People's Republic of China (Mainland China)==
The number in the Mainland is growing rapidly with the [[Sixth National Population Census of the People's Republic of China]] recording 15,051 Indian nationals living in mainland China as of 2010.<ref name="2010 Census">{{cite web|url=http://www.stats.gov.cn/english/newsandcomingevents/t20110429_402722638.htm |title=Major Figures on Residents from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan and Foreigners Covered by 2010 Population Census |publisher=National Bureau of Statistics of China |date=April 29, 2011 |access-date=May 3, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514214156/http://www.stats.gov.cn/english/newsandcomingevents/t20110429_402722638.htm |archive-date=May 14, 2011 }}</ref> Other sources report more with a columnist for the ''Economic Times'' stating that the number of Indians in China was 45-48,000 in 2015.<ref name=estimate2015>{{cite news|title=India and China need a push to encourage more people to live across the borde|url=http://blogs.economictimes.indiatimes.com/et-commentary/india-and-china-need-a-push-to-encourage-more-people-to-live-across-the-border/|publisher=Economic Times|date=May 12, 2015}}</ref> Many Indians in China are students, traders and professionals employed with MNCs, Indian companies and banks. There are three Indian community associations in the country.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiatimes.com/India-is-hot-in-China/photostory/6067975.cms|title=India Times - India is hot in China}}</ref>

===Medical Students===
There are a total 23,000 Indian students in China in 2019 and among them 21,000 study medicine.<ref name="students">{{cite news |title=Why Indian students will want to study medicine in China despite coronavirus |url=https://theprint.in/india/education/why-indian-students-will-want-to-study-medicine-in-china-despite-coronavirus/365058/ |work=The Print |date=February 17, 2020}}</ref> Students from [[Andhra Pradesh]] are particularly well represented with 5,000 medical students in China reported in 2011.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/edu/2009/08/31/stories/2009083150500200.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121110011516/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/edu/2009/08/31/stories/2009083150500200.htm | url-status=dead | archive-date=10 November 2012 | location=Chennai, India | work=[[The Hindu]] | title=Indian doctors, made abroad | date=31 August 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.hindu.com/2011/05/21/stories/2011052154762200.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110526062440/http://www.hindu.com/2011/05/21/stories/2011052154762200.htm | url-status=dead | archive-date=26 May 2011 | location=Chennai, India | work=[[The Hindu]] | title=Medical student from Andhra Pradesh commits suicide in China university | date=21 May 2011}}</ref>

The growth of Indian medical students at Chinese medical universities started in 2003 after the Medical Council of India (MCI) accepted Chinese medical degrees for qualification in India. For the academic year 2019-20, MCI recognised English language degrees from 45 universities and colleges in China.<ref name="students"/> Chinese medical schools are attractive because of better infrastructure, labs and equipment, and lower cost with annual tuition around $4,000 in 2020, about half of the cost of private medical schools in India.<ref name="students"/>

==Hong Kong==
{{Main|South Asians in Hong Kong}}
Most Indians stepped into the fields like international companies, [[banking]], [[airline]]s, [[travel agent]]s, [[medical]], [[mass media|media]] and [[insurance]] sector.<ref>Kwok S. T., Narain, K. (2003).''Co-Prosperity in Cross-Culturalism: Indians in Hong Kong''.P.60</ref> The banking and [[financial sector]] had the strongest presence of Indian professionals. [[Information technology]] and [[telecommunications]] have also interested highly qualified Indians. In the 1950s, [[tailoring]] had become an industry that was popular with Indians and around 200 tailoring shops were owned by them at that time.{{cn|date=April 2018}}

==Republic of China (Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu)==
{{Main|Indians in Taiwan}}

==Indian culture==
The Indian Embassy has been organising the Festival of India in China over the years. An important component of it has been the food festivals held in Indian restaurants, spread over nearly 45 Chinese cities.

The Chinese government has invited the Swaminarayan Trust that runs the Akshardham temples in [[Delhi]] and in [[Gandhinagar]], to build an [[Akshardham (philosophy)|Akshardham]] temple. A huge piece of land has been earmarked in the [[Guangdong]] province, which will not only house the temple but also an Indian cultural centre which will include a traditional Indian music learning centre and also various Indian language teaching centres on this temple premises.<ref>[http://news.iskcon.org/node/623/first_hindu_temple_be_built_china''First Hindu Temple to be Built in China''.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101127025941/http://news.iskcon.org/node/623/first_hindu_temple_be_built_china |date=2010-11-27 }}</ref>

==Notable people==
===Ancient===
* [[Amoghavajra]] - One of the most politically powerful Buddhist monks in Chinese history.
*[[Bodhidharma]] - founder of shaolin monastery and zen Buddhism in China.

* [[Bodhiruci]] - Buddhist monk and esoteric master from India.
* [[Batuo]] - First abbot of [[Shaolin Monastery]].
* [[Kumārajīva]] - [[Kucha|Kuchean]] Buddhist monk.
* [[Huili (monk)|Huili]] - Indian Buddhist monk and founder of the [[Lingyin temple]].
* [[Gautama Siddha]] - Chinese translator, astronomer, astrologer and compiler.

==See also==
* [[Dwarkanath Kotnis]] - One of five Indian physicians dispatched to China during the [[Second Sino-Japanese War]]
* [[Chindian|Chindian people]]
* [[Indian Chinese cuisine|Chindian cuisine]]
* [[Chinese community in India]]
* [[Hinduism in China]]
* [[Pakistanis in China]]
* [[Sino-Indian relations]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{China–India relations}}
{{Immigration to the People's Republic of China}}
{{NRI-PIO}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Indians In China}}
[[Category:Chinese people of Indian descent| ]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in China]]
[[Category:Indian diaspora in China| ]]