>Monkbot: Task 18 (cosmetic): eval 5 templates: del empty params (7×); del |ref=harv (1×); del |url-status= (1×);

2020-12-28T21:22:41Z

Task 18 (cosmetic): eval 5 templates: del empty params (7×); del |ref=harv (1×); del |url-status= (1×);

New page

{{Use Indian English|date=May 2020}}
{{Use mdy dates|date = May 2020}}
{{Infobox locomotive
| name = Indian locomotive class WCM-3
| image = File:WCM-3.jpg
| alt = The WCM-3 is the Contemporaries of the WCM2
| caption = A WCM-3 and a [[Indian locomotive class WCG-1|WCG-1]] at Vasai Railway station.
| powertype = Electric
| designer = [[Hitachi]]
| builder = [[Hitachi]]
| ordernumber = 55/459/18RE
| serialnumber =
| buildmodel = EM3
| builddate = 15 December 1967
| totalproduction = 3
| rebuilder = [[Research Design and Standards Organisation]]
| rebuilddate = August 5, 1976
| numberrebuilt = All 3
| website =
| aarwheels = [[AAR wheel arrangement#C-C|C-C]]
| uicclass = Co′Co′
| Britishclass = [[Co-Co locomotives|Co-Co]]
| gauge = {{RailGauge|5ft6in|lk=on}}
| bogies = 3 Axle Cast Steel frame, Swing bolster with Equalizer beams
| wheeldiameter = New:{{convert|1200|mm|ftin|0|abbr=on}},<br>Half worn:{{convert|1182|mm|ftin|abbr=on|frac=2}} and<br>Full worn:{{convert|1114|mm|ftin|0|abbr=on}}
| wheelbase = {{convert|2426|mm|ftin|0|abbr=on}}
| length =
| over couplers = {{convert|19.583|m|ftin|abbr=on|frac=16}}
| body = {{convert|18.313|m|ftin|abbr=on|frac=16}}
| width = {{convert|3.199|m|ftin|abbr=on|frac=16}}
| height = {{convert|4.264|m|ftin|abbr=on|frac=16}}
| pantodown = 
| bodyonly = 
| frametype = 3 Axle Cast Steel frame
| axleload = {{convert|19.11|t}}
| locoweight = {{convert|113.00|t}}
| sandcap = 24 sandboxes each with 63.5 Kg capacity
| powersupply = 110 V [[Direct current|DC]]
| electricsystem = 1.5 kV [[Direct current|DC]] [[Overhead line|Overhead]]
*Earlier 3.0 kV [[Direct current|DC]] [[Overhead line|Overhead]]
| collectionmethod = [[pantograph (rail)|pantograph]]
| alternator =
| generator =
| tractionmotors = Hitachi HS-373-AR-16
| t/m amps 1 hr = 330A
| t/m amps cont = 231A
| transmission =
| gear ratio = 16:51
| multipleworking = Not possible
| locobrakes = [[Railway air brake|Air]]/[[Parking brake#Railroad hand brakes|Hand]]
| trainbrakes = [[Vacuum brake|Vacuum]]
| reservoircap =
| compressorcap = 7.00 kg/cm²
| exhaustercap =
| safety = Slip man Control, Over voltage relay, No volt relay, Low pressure governor
| coupling =
| maxspeed = {{convert|120.7|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}}
| poweroutput =
| poweroutput start = Max:{{convert|3610|hp|kW|-1|abbr=on}}
| poweroutput 1 hr = Max:{{convert|3610|hp|kW|-1|abbr=on}}
| poweroutput cont = Max:{{convert|2460|hp|kW|-1|abbr=on}}
| tractiveeffort =
| t/e starting = {{convert|28200|kgf|kN|-1|abbr=on}}
| t/e 1 hr = {{convert|16900|kgf|kN|-1|abbr=on}}
| t/e continuous = {{convert|10220|kgf|kN|-1|abbr=on}}
| factorofadhesion = 25
| f/adh starting =
| f/adh 1 hr =
| f/adh continuous =
| operator = [[Indian Railways]]
| operatorclass = EM/3
| fleetnumbers = 20073-20076
| officialname =
| nicknames =
| locale = Central Railways
| deliverydate = 1957-1958
| firstrundate = ER: 1957 CR:1961
| lastrundate = January 1995
| retiredate = March 1995
| withdrawndate = 1995s
| preservedunits = none
| restoredate =
| scrapdate = After 1995
| currentowner =
| disposition = All have been scrapped.
| notes =
}}
The Indian locomotive class '''WCM-3''' is a class of 1.5 [[Volt|kV]] [[Direct current|DC]] [[electric locomotive]]s that was developed in 1958 by [[Hitachi]] for [[Indian Railways]]. The model name stands for [[5 ft 6 in gauge railway|broad gauge (W)]], Direct Current (C), Mixed traffic (M) engine, 3rd generation (3). They entered service in 1958. A total of 3 WCM-3 locomotives was built at Japan between 1957 and 1958.

The WCM-3 served both passenger and freight trains for over 37 years. With the introduction of more modern types of locomotives and 25 KV [[ Alternating current|AC]] electrification, all were withdrawn in early 1990s after repeated failures. Today sadly all locomotives have been Scrapped.
== History==
The history of WCM-3 begins in the early 1950s with the stated aim of the [[Indian Railways]] (IR) to remove [[Steam locomotive|steam locomotives]] working in the Eastern Railways (ER) after recommendation of Karnail Singh Fuel Committee.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Report of the expert Committee on Coal Consumption on Railways, 1958|url=http://www.indianculture.gov.in/report-expert-committee-coal-consumption-railways-1958|website=INDIAN CULTURE|language=en|access-date=2020-04-29}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book| title=Vulcan Foundry Locomotives 1832–1956| last=Gudgin| first=D.S.E.| publisher=Bradford Barton| location=Truro| year=1976| isbn=978-0-85153-215-8}}</ref> In 1950s the [[Kolkata Suburban Railway]] was established and electrified with overhead 3000V DC supply.<ref>[http://www.ser.indianrailways.gov.in/uploads/files/1383718660467-new%20EMU.pdf History of EMU on Eastern Railway and South Eastern Railway], ''South Eastern Railway'', 27 November 2018</ref> So Indian Railways began to look at various designs.

Initially, the Indian railways invited tenders to build locomotives to the new specification. The following responses were received:

* [[Hitachi]] submitted their model with 3600 hp with top speed of 105 km/h. They also had Co-Co bogies

* [[Vulcan Foundry]] and [[English Electric]] submitted their model with 3120 hp with top speed of 105 km/h.

Each company submitted their prototypes and Indian Railways designated these prototypes as the WCM-3 class and [[Indian locomotive class WCM-2|WCM-2]] class respectively.<ref>{{Cite web|title=[IRFCA] Indian Railways FAQ: Locomotives - General Information - I|url=https://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-loco.html#class|website=www.irfca.org|access-date=2020-04-18}}</ref>

So Indian Railways decided to procure 3 3000 V DC electric locomotives from Hitachi. They are manufactured in Japan and shipped to India in 1957. These locomotives were the third mixed class electric locomotive to roam India and also had now common [[Co-Co locomotives|Co-Co]] wheel arrangement.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Refer pg 260|url=https://rdso.indianrailways.gov.in/works/uploads/File/Data%20Book%20of%20Electric%20Locomotives%202016(3).pdf}}</ref> Initially the WCM-3 class were known as EM/3 class. They were easily recognizable with their smaller size and separate light enclosures for the marker lights and the tail lamps (just above the buffers). They had their cab doors placed near the cab unlike the [[Indian locomotive class WCM-1|WCM-1]] class.

The WCM-3 were first used on trains in the Kolkata suburban section and a black livery with a red lining in the middle.<ref>{{Citation|title=Express train in India with commuters in the doorways, 1960's. Archive film 61232|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zXR7u6UF1_U|language=en|access-date=2020-05-21}}</ref> But by 1960 the Kolkata Suburban Railway was converted to 25,000 V [[Alternating current|AC]], so the 3 year old WCM-3 units were rendered unusable. So [[Research Design and Standards Organisation]] (RDSO) decided to converted the quite new locomotives to run on the 1500V DC Power supply used in [[Central Railway zone|Central Railway]] (CR) without loss of power.

They began their CR zone service in 1961.The WCM-3 locomotives were used on many Express trains but had some problems and were relegated to hauling low speed passenger trains, shunting and freight duties only. In mid 1990s Central Railways decided to withdraw these locomotive from services and all units were scrapped with non preserved

== Former sheds ==

* Pune
* [[Electric Loco Shed, Kalyan|Kalyan]] (KYN)
* All the locomotives of this class has been withdrawn from service.

==See also==

*[[History of rail transport in India]]
*[[Indian Railways]]
*[[Locomotives of India]]
*[[Rail transport in India]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Indian locomotive class WCM3}}
*http://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-specs.html#WCM-3
*[http://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-loco2e.html]
*[http://www.irfca.org India railway fan club]

{{Broad gauge locomotives of India |state=collapsed}}

[[Category:Electric locomotives of India]]
[[Category:1500 V DC locomotives]]
[[Category:Co-Co locomotives]]
[[Category:Railway locomotives introduced in 1961]]
[[Category:5 ft 6 in gauge locomotives]]
[[Category:English Electric locomotives]]
[[Category:Vulcan Foundry locomotives]]

Indian locomotive class WCM-3 - Revision history

>Monkbot: Task 18 (cosmetic): eval 5 templates: del empty params (7×); del |ref=harv (1×); del |url-status= (1×);