India Command - Revision history

Ovfanclub786: updated details further and cleaned formatting

2024-03-18T07:27:09Z

updated details further and cleaned formatting

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-{{short description|British Army command defending India}}
+#REDIRECT [[GHQ India]]
-In addition to India, it was responsible at varying periods for parts of the Middle East (in particular [[Aden Settlement]] and, later, [[Aden Colony]], as well as Iraq and Persia).{{sfn|Jackson|2006|p=148}} For significant periods before the creation of [[South East Asia Command]] (SEAC) in 1943, the C-in-C India was also responsible for [[British Ceylon|Ceylon]] and [[British Burma|Burma]].
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-The [[Commander-in-Chief, India]],<ref name=journal>[http://www.defencejournal.com/jan99/defence.htm Pakistan's higher defence organisation] Defence Journal, January 1999</ref> had some 2,000 officers and 2.5 million troops under his command in 1945.<ref>[http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/written_answers/1945/nov/29/india-army-ghq#S5CV0416P0_19451129_CWA_183 India Army GHQ] Hansard, 29 November 1945</ref> GHQ India was redesignated ''Army HQ'' in 1947 when India was [[Partition of India|partitioned]].<ref name=journal/>
+}}

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← Older revision		Revision as of 18:03, 15 December 2021
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	{{short description\|British Army command defending India}}		{{short description\|British Army command defending India}}
	{{Use Indian English\|date=August ~~2016~~}}		{{Use Indian English\|date=August 2022}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=August ~~2016~~}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=August 2022}}
	Following the [[Kitchener Reforms]] of 1903 during the [[British Raj]], the [[Commander-in-Chief, India]], enjoyed control of the [[Army of India]] and answered to the civilian [[Viceroy of India]]. The Commander-in-Chief's staff was overseen by the [[Chief of the General Staff (India)\|Chief of the General Staff]].{{sfn\|Patti\|1980\|p=11}} General Headquarters India (GHQ India) was based in [[Calcutta]] and [[Simla]] (the winter capital of the Raj) until the seat of power moved to [[New Delhi]] in 1911.<ref>{{Cite web \|url=http://www.britains-smallwars.com/India/Survey.htm \|title=Britain's Small Wars \|access-date=9 January 2010 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100114083136/http://www.britains-smallwars.com/India/Survey.htm \|archive-date=14 January 2010 \|url-status=dead }}</ref>		Following the [[Kitchener Reforms]] of 1903 during the [[British Raj]], the [[Commander-in-Chief, India]], enjoyed control of the [[Army of India]] and answered to the civilian [[Viceroy of India]]. The Commander-in-Chief's staff was overseen by the [[Chief of the General Staff (India)\|Chief of the General Staff]].{{sfn\|Patti\|1980\|p=11}} General Headquarters India (GHQ India) was based in [[Calcutta]] and [[Simla]] (the winter capital of the Raj) until the seat of power moved to [[New Delhi]] in 1911.<ref>{{Cite web \|url=http://www.britains-smallwars.com/India/Survey.htm \|title=Britain's Small Wars \|access-date=9 January 2010 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100114083136/http://www.britains-smallwars.com/India/Survey.htm \|archive-date=14 January 2010 \|url-status=dead }}</ref>

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	The [[Commander-in-Chief, India]],<ref name=journal>[http://www.defencejournal.com/jan99/defence.htm Pakistan's higher defence organisation] Defence Journal, January 1999</ref> had some 2,000 officers and 2.5 million troops under his command in 1945.<ref>[http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/written_answers/1945/nov/29/india-army-ghq#S5CV0416P0_19451129_CWA_183 India Army GHQ] Hansard, 29 November 1945</ref> GHQ India was redesignated ''Army HQ'' in 1947 when India was [[Partition of India\|partitioned]].<ref name=journal/>		The [[Commander-in-Chief, India]],<ref name=journal>[http://www.defencejournal.com/jan99/defence.htm Pakistan's higher defence organisation] Defence Journal, January 1999</ref> had some 2,000 officers and 2.5 million troops under his command in 1945.<ref>[http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/written_answers/1945/nov/29/india-army-ghq#S5CV0416P0_19451129_CWA_183 India Army GHQ] Hansard, 29 November 1945</ref> GHQ India was redesignated ''Army HQ'' in 1947 when India was [[Partition of India\|partitioned]].<ref name=journal/>

	== World War II ==		==Second World War==
	Following a review by the British Chiefs of Staff in late 1939, operational control of troops in Iraq passed in early 1940 to [[Middle East Command]] although the provision of troops and their maintenance remained for the most part GHQ India's responsibility.{{sfn\|Playfair\|2004a\|pp=63 & 66}} In March 1941, in the period before the [[Anglo-Iraqi War]], the C-in-C Middle East General [[Archibald Wavell]], who was preoccupied with existing problems in his theatre, gained approval for Iraq to come under India's operational control again{{sfn\|Playfair\|2004b\|p=178}} but once hostilities commenced in May Wavell was obliged by London reluctantly to reassume responsibility.{{sfn\|Playfair\|2004b\|pp=184 & 185}} In June 1941, after cessation of hostilities, control reverted once more to GHQ India.{{sfn\|Playfair\|2004b\|p=250}} India finally relinquished responsibility for Persia and Iraq in August 1942 when a separate [[Persia and Iraq Command]] was created.{{sfn\|Playfair\|2004c\|pp=375 & 376}}		Following a review by the British Chiefs of Staff in late 1939, operational control of troops in Iraq passed in early 1940 to [[Middle East Command]] although the provision of troops and their maintenance remained for the most part GHQ India's responsibility.{{sfn\|Playfair\|2004a\|pp=63 & 66}} In March 1941, in the period before the [[Anglo-Iraqi War]], the C-in-C Middle East General [[Archibald Wavell]], who was preoccupied with existing problems in his theatre, gained approval for Iraq to come under India's operational control again{{sfn\|Playfair\|2004b\|p=178}} but once hostilities commenced in May Wavell was obliged by London reluctantly to reassume responsibility.{{sfn\|Playfair\|2004b\|pp=184 & 185}} In June 1941, after cessation of hostilities, control reverted once more to GHQ India.{{sfn\|Playfair\|2004b\|p=250}} India finally relinquished responsibility for Persia and Iraq in August 1942 when a separate [[Persia and Iraq Command]] was created.{{sfn\|Playfair\|2004c\|pp=375 & 376}}

	In December 1941 [[Burma Campaign\|Burma]], which had been under the operational control of [[British Far East Command\|Far East Command]] in Singapore, was transferred to India Command.{{sfn\|Playfair\|2004b\|p=8}} After the dissolution of [[ABDACOM]] in February 1942 the C-in-C [[India]] also became responsible for [[Ceylon]]. During this period, some Chinese and American units also came under the operational control of the India Command.{{sfn\|Patti\|1980\|p=11}} These responsibilities remained unchanged until the creation of [[South East Asia Command]] (SEAC) in August 1943.		In December 1941 [[Burma Campaign\|Burma]], which had been under the operational control of [[British Far East Command\|Far East Command]] in Singapore, was transferred to India Command.{{sfn\|Playfair\|2004b\|p=8}} After the dissolution of [[ABDACOM]] in February 1942 the C-in-C [[India]] also became responsible for [[Ceylon]]. During this period, some Chinese and American units also came under the operational control of the India Command.{{sfn\|Patti\|1980\|p=11}} These responsibilities remained unchanged until the creation of [[South East Asia Command]] (SEAC) in August 1943.

	With the creation of SEAC there were three separate operational commands. The China Theatre was under the command of [[Generalissimo]] [[Chiang Kai-shek]]. SEAC was an Anglo-American command under a Supreme Allied Commander, [[Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma\|Lord Mountbatten]], who was responsible for operations in Burma, Ceylon, Malaya and Sumatra. India Command, under General [[Claude Auchinleck\|Auchinleck]] [[Commander-in-Chief, India]], was responsible for the development of India as a base, for internal security in India and the defence of India's [[North-West Frontier (military history)\|North West Frontier]]. India Command's base responsibility included the training, equipping, maintenance and movement of operational forces assigned to SEAC.{{sfn\|Playfair\|2004c\|p=3}}		With the creation of SEAC there were three separate operational commands. The China Theatre was under the command of [[Generalissimo]] [[Chiang Kai-shek]]. SEAC was an Anglo-American command under a Supreme Allied Commander, [[Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma\|Lord Mountbatten]], who was responsible for operations in Burma, Ceylon, Malaya and Sumatra. India Command, under General [[Claude Auchinleck\|Auchinleck]] [[Commander-in-Chief, India]], was responsible for the development of India as a base, for internal security in India and the defence of India's [[North-West Frontier (military history)\|North West Frontier]]. India Command's base responsibility included the training, equipping, maintenance and movement of operational forces assigned to SEAC.{{sfn\|Playfair\|2004c\|p=3}}

	==Notes==		==Notes==
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	==External links==		==External links==
	* [http://www.britain-at-war.org.uk/WW2/London%5FGazette/Far%5FEast/ OPERATIONS IN THE FAR EAST From 17 October, 1940 To 27 December 1941]		* [http://www.britain-at-war.org.uk/WW2/London%5FGazette/Far%5FEast/ OPERATIONS IN THE FAR EAST From 17 October, 1940 To 27 December 1941]
			{{British armies, commands, and corps during the Second World War}}
	[[Category:Military of British India\|Command]]		[[Category:Military of British India\|Command]]
	[[Category:Commands of the British Army]]		[[Category:Commands of the British Army]]
	[[Category:Military history of India during World War II\|Com]]		[[Category:Military history of India during World War II\|Com]]

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2021-01-29T17:22:56Z

Task 18 (cosmetic): eval 7 templates: hyphenate params (6×); del |ref=harv (6×);

New page

{{short description|British Army command defending India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2016}}
Following the [[Kitchener Reforms]] of 1903 during the [[British Raj]], the [[Commander-in-Chief, India]], enjoyed control of the [[Army of India]] and answered to the civilian [[Viceroy of India]]. The Commander-in-Chief's staff was overseen by the [[Chief of the General Staff (India)|Chief of the General Staff]].{{sfn|Patti|1980|p=11}} General Headquarters India (GHQ India) was based in [[Calcutta]] and [[Simla]] (the winter capital of the Raj) until the seat of power moved to [[New Delhi]] in 1911.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.britains-smallwars.com/India/Survey.htm |title=Britain's Small Wars |access-date=9 January 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100114083136/http://www.britains-smallwars.com/India/Survey.htm |archive-date=14 January 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

In addition to India, it was responsible at varying periods for parts of the Middle East (in particular [[Aden Settlement]] and, later, [[Aden Colony]], as well as Iraq and Persia).{{sfn|Jackson|2006|p=148}} For significant periods before the creation of [[South East Asia Command]] (SEAC) in 1943, the C-in-C India was also responsible for [[British Ceylon|Ceylon]] and [[British Burma|Burma]].

The [[Commander-in-Chief, India]],<ref name=journal>[http://www.defencejournal.com/jan99/defence.htm Pakistan's higher defence organisation] Defence Journal, January 1999</ref> had some 2,000 officers and 2.5 million troops under his command in 1945.<ref>[http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/written_answers/1945/nov/29/india-army-ghq#S5CV0416P0_19451129_CWA_183 India Army GHQ] Hansard, 29 November 1945</ref> GHQ India was redesignated ''Army HQ'' in 1947 when India was [[Partition of India|partitioned]].<ref name=journal/>

== World War II ==
Following a review by the British Chiefs of Staff in late 1939, operational control of troops in Iraq passed in early 1940 to [[Middle East Command]] although the provision of troops and their maintenance remained for the most part GHQ India's responsibility.{{sfn|Playfair|2004a|pp=63 & 66}} In March 1941, in the period before the [[Anglo-Iraqi War]], the C-in-C Middle East General [[Archibald Wavell]], who was preoccupied with existing problems in his theatre, gained approval for Iraq to come under India's operational control again{{sfn|Playfair|2004b|p=178}} but once hostilities commenced in May Wavell was obliged by London reluctantly to reassume responsibility.{{sfn|Playfair|2004b|pp=184 & 185}} In June 1941, after cessation of hostilities, control reverted once more to GHQ India.{{sfn|Playfair|2004b|p=250}} India finally relinquished responsibility for Persia and Iraq in August 1942 when a separate [[Persia and Iraq Command]] was created.{{sfn|Playfair|2004c|pp=375 & 376}}

In December 1941 [[Burma Campaign|Burma]], which had been under the operational control of [[British Far East Command|Far East Command]] in Singapore, was transferred to India Command.{{sfn|Playfair|2004b|p=8}} After the dissolution of [[ABDACOM]] in February 1942 the C-in-C [[India]] also became responsible for [[Ceylon]]. During this period, some Chinese and American units also came under the operational control of the India Command.{{sfn|Patti|1980|p=11}} These responsibilities remained unchanged until the creation of [[South East Asia Command]] (SEAC) in August 1943.

With the creation of SEAC there were three separate operational commands. The China Theatre was under the command of [[Generalissimo]] [[Chiang Kai-shek]]. SEAC was an Anglo-American command under a Supreme Allied Commander, [[Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma|Lord Mountbatten]], who was responsible for operations in Burma, Ceylon, Malaya and Sumatra. India Command, under General [[Claude Auchinleck|Auchinleck]] [[Commander-in-Chief, India]], was responsible for the development of India as a base, for internal security in India and the defence of India's [[North-West Frontier (military history)|North West Frontier]]. India Command's base responsibility included the training, equipping, maintenance and movement of operational forces assigned to SEAC.{{sfn|Playfair|2004c|p=3}}

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
*{{cite book|last=Jackson |first=Ashley |year=2006 |title=The British Empire and the Second World War|edition=illustrated |publisher=Continuum International Publishing Group |isbn=1-85285-417-0|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=xTKtPPEDTtQC&lpg=PP1&pg=PA148#v=onepage&q&f=false 148]}}
*{{cite book| last=Patti |first=Archimedes L. A.|year=1980 |title=Why Viet Nam?: Prelude to America's albatross |edition=illustrated |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=0-520-04156-9 |page =[https://books.google.com/books?id=xbFx8OhYSjcC&lpg=PP1&pg=PA11#v=onepage&q&f=false 11]}}
*{{cite book|first1=Major-General I.S.O.| last1=Playfair| author-link1=Ian Stanley Ord Playfair| last2=with Stitt| first2=Commander G.M.S| last3=Molony| first3=Brigadier C.J.C.| last4=Toomer| first4=Air Vice-Marshal S.E.|editor-last=Butler| editor-first=J.R.M| editor-link=James Ramsay Montagu Butler | series=[[History of the Second World War]], United Kingdom Military Series| title=Mediterranean and Middle East Volume I: The Early Successes Against Italy (to May 1941)| publisher=Naval & Military Press |location=Uckfield, UK|year=2004a| orig-year=1st. pub. [[HMSO]]:1954| isbn=1-845740-65-3| name-list-style=amp}}
*{{cite book| first1=Major-General I.S.O.| last1=Playfair| author-link1=Ian Stanley Ord Playfair| last2=with Flynn| first2=Captain F.C. (R.N.)| last3=Molony| first3=Brigadier C.J.C.| last4=Toomer| first4=Air Vice-Marshal S.E.|editor-last=Butler| editor-first=J.R.M| editor-link=James Ramsay Montagu Butler |series=[[History of the Second World War]], United Kingdom Military Series| title=The Mediterranean and Middle East, Volume II: The Germans come to the help of their Ally (1941)| publisher=Naval & Military Press |location=Uckfield, UK |year=2004b| orig-year=1st. pub. [[HMSO]]:1956| isbn=1-845740-66-1| name-list-style=amp}}
*{{cite book| first1=Major-General I.S.O.| last1=Playfair| author-link1=Ian Stanley Ord Playfair| last2=with Flynn| first2=Captain F.C. (R.N.)| last3=Molony| first3=Brigadier C.J.C.| last4=Gleave| first4=Group Captain T.P.|editor-last=Butler| editor-first=Sir James| editor-link=James Ramsay Montagu Butler |series=[[History of the Second World War]], United Kingdom Military Series| title=The Mediterranean and Middle East, Volume III: British Fortunes reach their Lowest Ebb (September 1941 to September 1942)| publisher=Naval & Military Press |location=Uckfield, UK |year=2004c| orig-year=1st. pub. [[HMSO]]:1960| isbn=1-845740-67-X| name-list-style=amp}}
*{{cite book|last=Romanus |first=Charles F. |last2=Sunderland |first2=Riley |year=1953|title=Stiwell's Mission to China |publisher=Government Printing Office|id=Library of Congress 35-603349 |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=UxjcLajX2acC&lpg=PP1&pg=PA364#v=onepage&q&f=false 364]}}

==External links==
* [http://www.britain-at-war.org.uk/WW2/London%5FGazette/Far%5FEast/ OPERATIONS IN THE FAR EAST From 17 October, 1940 To 27 December 1941]

[[Category:Military of British India|Command]]
[[Category:Commands of the British Army]]
[[Category:Military history of India during World War II|Com]]