Abhishek Mandal: quick add layout and fixed typos

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{{Short description|1=Diplomatic relations between the Republic of India and the Republic of Turkey}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}
{{Infobox bilateral relations|Indo-Turkish|India|Turkey|filetype=svg|mission1= Embassy of India, [[Ankara]]
|mission2= [[Embassy of Turkey, India|Embassy of Turkey, New Delhi]]
|envoytitle1= Indian Ambassador to [[Turkey]]
|envoy1= Sanjay Panda
|envoytitle2= Turkish Ambassador to [[India]]
|envoy2=[[Firat Sunel]]
}}

'''India–Turkey relations''' ({{Lang-hi|भारत-तुर्की संबंध}}; {{Lang-tr|Hindistan-Türkiye ilişkileri}}), also called '''Indian-Turkish relations''' or '''Indo-Turkish relations''' refer to the [[Bilateralism|bilateral relations]] between [[India]] and [[Turkey]]. Since the establishment of diplomatic relations between India and Turkey in 1948, political and bilateral relations have been usually characterised by warmth and cordiality, although some sporadic tensions remain due to Turkey's support for [[Pakistan]], India's rival.<ref name="idsa.in">{{cite web|url=http://www.idsa.in/system/files/IB_IndiaTurkeyRelations.pdf|title=Can the Rise of 'New' Turkey Lead to a 'New' Era in India-Turkey Relations?|website=Idsa.in|access-date=18 October 2017}}</ref><ref name="mea.gov.in">{{cite web|url=http://www.mea.gov.in/Portal/ForeignRelation/India-Turkey_Relations.pdf|title=India-Turkey Relations : Executive Summary|website=Mea.gov.in|access-date=18 October 2017}}</ref> India has an embassy in [[Ankara]] and a consulate–general in [[Istanbul]]. Turkey has an embassy in [[New Delhi]] and a consulate-general in [[Mumbai]]. As of 2015, the bilateral trade between India and Turkey stood at US$6.26 billion.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkey_s-commercial-and-economic-relations-with-india.en.mfa|title=From Rep. of Turkey Ministry of Foreign Affairs|website=Republic of Turkey Ministry of Foreign Affairs|access-date=18 October 2017}}</ref>

==History==
Economic and cultural relations between [[ancient India]] and [[History of Anatolia|Anatolia]] date back to the [[Vedic age]] (before 1000 BCE).<ref name="Radhey">{{cite book
|last = Shyam Chaurasia
|first = Radhey
|title = History of Ancient India: Earliest Times to 1000 A. D.
|date = May 2002
|publisher = Atlantic Publishers & Dist, 2002
|isbn = 9788126900275}}</ref> During [[World War I]], the [[British Indian Empire|British Raj]] played a pivotal role in the successful Allied campaign against the [[Ottoman Empire]].<ref name="Kux">{{cite book
|last = J. Schmidt
|first = Karl
|title = An Atlas and Survey of South Asian History
|year = 1995
|url = https://archive.org/details/atlassurveyofsou0000schm
|url-access = registration
|publisher = M.E. Sharpe}}</ref>
There are deep historical connections between [[India]] and [[Turkey]]. The first exchange of diplomatic missions between the [[Ottoman Sultans]] and the Muslim rulers of the sub-continent dates back to the years 1481–82. A strong historical connection between Indian Muslims and
Turkey exists dating back to the medieval era and fostered with the late 19th and 20th century interaction between the two.<ref name="idsa.in"/> India and Turkey also have a cultural overlap. The Turkic impact on India in areas such as language, culture and civilisation, art and architecture, and costumes and cuisine was considerable. There are also over 9,000 words common in [[Hindi]] and [[Turkish language|Turkish]] languages. More recent historical contacts between India and Turkey were reflected in the medical mission led by renowned Indian freedom fighter, Dr. [[Mukhtar Ahmed Ansari|M. A. Ansari]], to Turkey in 1912 during the Balkan Wars. India also extended support in the 1920s to [[Turkish War of Independence|Turkey's War of Independence]] and the formation of the Turkish republic. [[Mahatma Gandhi]] himself took a stand against the injustices inflicted on Turkey at the end of [[World War I]].<ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite web|url=http://mea.gov.in/Portal/ForeignRelation/Turkey_July_2014.pdf|title=India-Turkey Relations|website=Mea.gov.in|access-date=18 October 2017}}</ref>

Turkey recognised India right after its declaration of independence on 15 August 1947 and diplomatic relations were established between the two countries. As Turkey was part of the Western Alliance and India of the Non-Aligned Movement during the Cold War era, the bilateral relations did not develop at a desired pace. However, since the end of the Cold War era, both sides put in effort in developing their bilateral relations in every field.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkey-india-relations.en.mfa|title=From Rep. of Turkey Ministry of Foreign Affairs|website=Republic of Turkey Ministry of Foreign Affairs|access-date=18 October 2017}}</ref> In contemporary times, relations between India and Turkey have been strained due to Turkey's religious mutuality with [[Pakistan]]. Until recently, Turkey was a vocal advocate of Pakistan's position on the [[Kashmir dispute]].<ref name="Colakoglu">{{cite web|url=http://www.turkishweekly.net/columnist/3649/turkey-india-relations-in-the-framework-of-ankara-39-s-new-south-asian-strategy.html|title=Turkey-India Relations in the Framework of Ankara's New South Asian Strategy|website=Turkishweekly.net|access-date=18 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150511202129/http://www.turkishweekly.net/columnist/3649/turkey-india-relations-in-the-framework-of-ankara-39-s-new-south-asian-strategy.html|archive-date=11 May 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> Turkey was also one of the few opponents to India's inclusion into the [[Nuclear Suppliers Group]].<ref>[https://thediplomat.com/2013/07/india-and-turkey-friends-again/ "India and Turkey: Friends Again?"], ''The Diplomat'', 19 July 2013</ref> India's [[GMR Group]] is one of the main stakeholders in the new [[Sabiha Gökçen International Airport]] in [[İstanbul]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/industry-and-economy/logistics/gmr-to-remain-invested-in-istanbul-airport/article5478308.ece|title=GMR to remain invested in Istanbul airport|author=Amit Mitra|work=[[Business Line]]|access-date=19 July 2015}}</ref> Both the countries are members of the [[G20 industrial nations|G20]] group of major economies, where the two countries have closely cooperated on the management of the world economy. Bilateral trade in July 2012 stood at US$7.5 billion, a figure that is expected to double to US$15 billion by 2015. Strategically too, there are growing areas of consensus. On [[Afghanistan]], Turkey had taken the lead in 2011 to begin the Istanbul Process to find meaningful and sustainable solutions to Afghanistan's problems. The Istanbul Process culminated in the annual "Heart of Asia" regional conference on Afghanistan held in [[Kazakhstan]]'s former capital, [[Almaty]], with both India and Turkey playing important roles. In the context of the planned 2014 withdrawal of [[NATO]] and US troops from Afghanistan, the need for Delhi and Ankara to intensify dialogue over Afghanistan has acquired a particular importance.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thediplomat.com/2013/07/india-and-turkey-friends-again/|title=India and Turkey: Friends Again?|website=Thediplomat.com|access-date=18 October 2017}}</ref>

In September 2019, Turkey had criticized India on the issue of Jammu and Kashmir and the revocation of article 370. It made vocal comments against India at the United Nations. Thereby it favoured the position of Pakistan in this respect. Due to this the relationship between India and Turkey are strained.

India condemned [[Turkey]] for its [[2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria|military offensive into north-eastern Syria]], claiming it would undermine regional stability and the fight against terrorism. India also called upon Turkey to exercise restraint and respect the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Syria.<ref>{{cite news |title=India slams Turkey for its 'unilateral military offensive' in northeast Syria {{!}} India News |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/india-slams-turkey-for-its-unilateral-military-offensive-in-northeast-syria/articleshow/71520852.cms |date=10 October 2019 |work=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>

On 24 December 2020, Turkish authorities closed the website ''hamsvasser.com,'' which according to [[Pakistani]] officials, was operated by [[India]] and used propaganda against Pakistan.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dailytimes.com.pk/705738/turkey-closes-indian-website-spreading-anti-pakistan-propaganda/|title=Turkey closes Indian website spreading anti-Pakistan propaganda|publisher=dailytimes.com.pk|date=25 December 2020|access-date=25 December 2020}}</ref>

==Bilateral trade relations==
[[File:Embassy of India in Ankara 01.JPG|thumb|Entrance plate at Embassy of India in Ankara]]
The bilateral trade relations started its new phase and both sides emphasised the importance of developing bilateral cooperation programmes with the aim to enhance their commercial relations on a mutually beneficial and sustainable basis. However, as the world's second-most populous country, [[India]]'s progress in gaining importance in the global economy and international politics since the 1990s has led to Turkey's quest to develop a new strategy for [[South Asia]]. Turkey has also begun to prioritise India in South Asian politics while preserving its traditionally good relations with [[Pakistan]] and [[Bangladesh]]. In recent years, the relations between the two countries have warmed due to common strategic goals, and there is a growing bilateral cooperation in the fields of education, technology and commerce.<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://www.academia.edu/8802373|title=Indo-Turkish Relations: A Historical Overview and Analysis|website=Academia.edu|access-date=18 October 2017|last1=Andrabi|first1=Doctor Abroo Aman}}</ref>

On 18 March 2012, [[Burak Akçapar]], [[Ambassador|Ambassador of the Republic of Turkey in India]], announced that Turkey sought to double flights from India and open four more connecting points. Other destinations considered are [[Hyderabad]], [[Chennai]], [[Kolkata]] and [[Bengaluru, India|Bengaluru]]. At present, [[Turkish Airlines]] operates daily flights from Mumbai and New Delhi to Istanbul. A joint study on a [[free trade area]] was conducted, but is yet to be signed. He also announced that consulates in Chennai and Hyderabad, in South India, are planned to be started, as permission had been gained from the Indian government.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/industry-and-economy/logistics/article3008905.ece?homepage=true|title=Turkey to double flights from India|author=K.V. Kurmanath|work=[[Business Line]]|access-date=19 July 2015}}</ref>

===Investments===
More than 150 companies with Indian capital have registered businesses in Turkey in the form of joint-ventures, trade and representative offices. These include M/s [[Polyplex]], [[GMR Group|GMR Infrastructure]], [[TATA Motors]], [[Mahindra & Mahindra]], [[Reliance Industries|Reliance]], [[JSW Ispat|Ispat]], [[Aditya Birla Group]], [[Tractors and Farm Equipment Limited|Tractors and Farm Equipment Ltd]], [[Jain Irrigation]], [[Wipro]] and [[Dabur]]. Turkey ranks 41st overall in terms of [[Foreign direct investment|FDI]] inflows to India. Cumulative Turkish direct investment into India amounts to US$ 87.18 million (April 2000 – April 2014).

==Cooperation in Space Technology==
Turkey's first nano [[satellite]] "[[ITUpSAT1]]", manufactured at the [[Istanbul Technical University]]'s Faculty of Aeronautics was sent to space on a [[PSLV]] C-14 rocket by the [[Indian Space Research Organisation]] (ISRO) on 23 September 2009. The satellite orbited the earth at an altitude of 720 kilometres and had the capacity to take continental photos. Its orbital life was six months. Turkey is keen to expand cooperation in space technology with India.<ref name="mea.gov.in"/>

==Defence cooperation==
[[File:Admiral E Murat Bilgel, Commander of the Turkish Naval Forces receiving a Guard of Honour from the Indian Navy.jpg|thumb|Admiral E Murat Bilgel, Commander of the Turkish Naval Forces, accorded with a guard of honour by the Indian Navy at South Block lawn, New Delhi.]]
[[File:INS Trikand entering Istanbul, Turkey.jpg|thumb|INS Trikand entering Istanbul, Turkey; 4 October 2015.]]
During the visit of Prime Minister [[Turgut Ozal]] to India in 1986, it was agreed that the two embassies will house [[Defence Attaché]] office. During the visit of Prime Minister [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee|Vajpayee]] in September 2003, it was decided that Defence Ministers of both countries should remain in closer touch. India conveyed its willingness to expand military to military contacts, and mutual exchange of delegations to training facilities. During the visit of the Turkish Prime Minister [[Recep Tayyip Erdoğan|Erdoğan]] to India in November 2008, both prime ministers agreed to enhance cooperation between the two defence forces.<ref name="mea.gov.in"/> As far as the [[military exercises]] between India and Turkey is concerned, there has been a regular but a low profile passage exercises (PASSEX) between the Navies of the two countries.<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www.japss.org/upload/8.Hussain.pdf|journal=Journal of Alternative Perspectives in the Social Sciences|year=2011|volume=3|pages=635–655|title=Forging a New Partnership: India and Turkey|author=Mohammad Samir Hussain}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Indians in Turkey]]
* [[Turkic peoples in India]]
* [[Foreign relations of India]]
* [[Foreign relations of Turkey]]
{{-}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Other sources==
* [http://www.idsa.in/system/files/IB_IndiaTurkeyRelations.pdf Mehmet Ozkan, Can the Rise of ‘New’ Turkey Lead to a ‘New’ Era in India-Turkey Relations?, IDSA Issue Brief, September 2010.]

==External links==
* [http://www.indembassy.org.tr/ Embassy of India in Turkey]
* [http://turkey.visahq.com/embassy/India/ Embassy of Turkey in India]
* [http://www.mfa.gov.tr/default.en.mfa Consulate of Turkey in Mumbai]

{{Foreign relations of India}}
{{Foreign relations of Turkey |expanded=Bilateral}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:India-Turkey relations}}
[[Category:India–Turkey relations| ]]
[[Category:Bilateral relations of India|Turkey]]
[[Category:Bilateral relations of Turkey]]

India–Turkey relations - Revision history

Abhishek Mandal: quick add layout and fixed typos

>AbhiSuryawanshi: + Embassy_of_Turkey,_India