India–Tajikistan relations - Revision history

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	~~{{Short description\|1=Diplomatic relations between the Republic of India and the Republic of Tajikistan}}~~		{{Infobox bilateral relations\|Indo-Tajik\|India\|Tajikistan}}
	{{Infobox ~~Bilateral~~ relations\|Indo-Tajik\|India\|Tajikistan}}
	{{Use Indian English\|date=June 2013}}		{{Use Indian English\|date=June 2013}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=January 2021}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=January 2021}}
	[[File:Prime Minister Narendra Modi with President of the Republic of Tajikistan Emomali Rahmon.jpg\|thumb\|Indian prime minister [[Narendra Modi]] and Tajikistan president [[Emomali Rahmon]].]]		[[File:Prime Minister Narendra Modi with President of the Republic of Tajikistan Emomali Rahmon.jpg\|thumb\|Indian prime minister [[Narendra Modi]] and Tajikistan president [[Emomali Rahmon]].]]
	The '''bilateral relations between the [[Republic of India]] and the [[Republic of Tajikistan]]''' have developed considerably owing to both nations' co-operation on security and strategic issues. India has set up its first overseas military base Farkhor in Tajikistan. India also assisted in building Ayni hospital.<ref name="AT">{{cite web \|title=India's foray into Central Asia \|url=http://www.atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/HH12Df01.html \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060819190609/http://atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/HH12Df01.html \|url-status=unfit \|archive-date=19 August 2006 \|date=12 August 2006 \|work=[[Asia Times]] \|access-date=15 June 2008}}</ref><ref name="TI">{{cite web \|title=India to base planes in Tajikistan \|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2003/20031115/main1.htm \|date=15 November 2003 \|publisher=The Tribune, India \|access-date=15 June 2008}}</ref><ref name="TOI2">{{cite web\|title=IAF's base in Tajikistan will be ready by '04 \|url=http://www.ipcs.org/Oct_04_militaryAirforc.pdf \|author=Mahendra Ved \|publisher=Institute for Peace and Conflict Studies, [[Times of India]] \|date=1 October 2004 \|access-date=15 June 2008 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080227152412/http://www.ipcs.org/Oct_04_militaryAirforc.pdf \|archive-date=27 February 2008 \|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="TOI3">{{cite news \|title=India to station MiG-29s at Tajikistan base\|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/world/1025115/report-india-to-station-mig-29s-at-tajikistan-base \|date=20 April 2006 \|work=[[Daily News and Analysis]] \|access-date=18 April 2008}}</ref>		The '''bilateral relations between the [[Republic of India]] and the [[Republic of Tajikistan]]''' have developed considerably owing to both nations' co-operation on security and strategic issues. India has set up its first overseas military base [[Farkhor Air Base\|Farkhor]] in Tajikistan. India also assisted in building Ayni hospital.<ref name="AT">{{cite web \|title=India's foray into Central Asia \|url=http://www.atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/HH12Df01.html \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060819190609/http://atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/HH12Df01.html \|url-status=unfit \|archive-date=19 August 2006 \|date=12 August 2006 \|work=[[Asia Times]] \|access-date=15 June 2008}}</ref><ref name="TI">{{cite web \|title=India to base planes in Tajikistan \|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2003/20031115/main1.htm \|date=15 November 2003 \|publisher=The Tribune, India \|access-date=15 June 2008}}</ref><ref name="TOI2">{{cite web\|title=IAF's base in Tajikistan will be ready by '04 \|url=http://www.ipcs.org/Oct_04_militaryAirforc.pdf \|author=Mahendra Ved \|publisher=Institute for Peace and Conflict Studies, [[Times of India]] \|date=1 October 2004 \|access-date=15 June 2008 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080227152412/http://www.ipcs.org/Oct_04_militaryAirforc.pdf \|archive-date=27 February 2008 \|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="TOI3">{{cite news \|title=India to station MiG-29s at Tajikistan base\|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/world/1025115/report-india-to-station-mig-29s-at-tajikistan-base \|date=20 April 2006 \|work=[[Daily News and Analysis]] \|access-date=18 April 2008}}</ref>

	== Background ==		== Background ==
	Diplomatic relations were established with Tajikistan's independence following the 1991 dissolution of the [[Soviet Union]], which had been friendly with India. Tajikistan occupies a strategically important position in Central Asia, bordering [[Afghanistan]], the People's Republic of China and separated by a small strip of Afghan territory called the [[Wakhan Corridor]] from northern ~~[[Gilgit–Baltistan]] ([[Kashmir#Current_status_and_political_divisions\|~~Pakistan~~-controlled Kashmir]])~~. Both Russia and China have sought to cultivate ties with Tajikistan, which has also been seen as important in the [[War in Afghanistan (2001–present)\|war in Afghanistan]] against the [[Islamism\|Islamist]] [[Taliban]] and [[Al-Qaeda]].<ref name="AT">{{cite web \|title=India's foray into Central Asia \|url=http://www.atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/HH12Df01.html \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060819190609/http://atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/HH12Df01.html \|url-status=unfit \|archive-date=19 August 2006 \|date=12 August 2006 \|work=[[Asia Times]] \|access-date=15 June 2008}}</~~ref~~><ref name="AT2">{{cite web \|title=Scramble for Central Asian bases \|url=http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Central_Asia/ED09Ag01.html \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030409131321/http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Central_Asia/ED09Ag01.html \|url-status=unfit \|archive-date=9 April 2003 \|date=9 April 2003 \|work=[[Asia Times]] \|access-date=15 June 2008}}</ref> India's role in fighting the Taliban and Al-Qaeda and its strategic rivalry with both China and Pakistan have made its ties with Tajikistan important to its strategic and [[national security\|security]] policies.<ref name="AT"/><ref name="AT2"/> In 2011, Tajikistan was caught up in [[China's debt trap]], the Tajik Govt ceded 1,000 km<sup>2</sup> of territory to the [[Communist Party of China]] for a partial rebate,<ref>https://eurasianet.org/tajikistan-report-confirms-significant-chinese-security-presence-in-pamirs</ref><ref>https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-pacific-12180567</ref> since then Tajikistan has been tying up with India to counter Chinese [[expansionism]]<ref>https://m.economictimes.com/news/defence/bhutan-not-the-sole-sufferer-beijing-is-bullying-other-nations-too/amp_articleshow/59480024.cms</ref> that has also been described as "bullying" of small countries.<ref>https://www.wsj.com/amp/articles/stop-the-bully-in-the-south-china-sea-11567033378</ref> Military presence in Tajikistan and its neighbouring [[Central Asian Republic]]s has been coveted by the United States, Russia and China apart from India.<ref name="AT"/><ref name="AT2"/>		Diplomatic relations were established with Tajikistan's independence following the 1991 dissolution of the [[Soviet Union]], which had been friendly with India. Tajikistan occupies a strategically important position in Central Asia, bordering [[Afghanistan]], the People's Republic of China and separated by a small strip of Afghan territory called the [[Wakhan Corridor]] from northern Pakistan. Both Russia and China have sought to cultivate ties with Tajikistan, which has also been seen as important in the [[War in Afghanistan (2001–present)\|war in Afghanistan]] against the [[Islamism\|Islamist]] [[Taliban]] and [[Al-Qaeda]].<ref name="AT"/><ref name="AT2">{{cite web \|title=Scramble for Central Asian bases \|url=http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Central_Asia/ED09Ag01.html \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030409131321/http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Central_Asia/ED09Ag01.html \|url-status=unfit \|archive-date=9 April 2003 \|date=9 April 2003 \|work=[[Asia Times]] \|access-date=15 June 2008}}</ref> India's role in fighting the Taliban and Al-Qaeda and its strategic rivalry with both China and Pakistan have made its ties with Tajikistan important to its strategic and [[national security\|security]] policies.<ref name="AT"/><ref name="AT2"/> In 2011, Tajikistan was caught up in [[China's debt trap]], the Tajik Govt ceded 1,000 km<sup>2</sup> of territory to the [[Communist Party of China]] for a partial rebate,<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://eurasianet.org/tajikistan-report-confirms-significant-chinese-security-presence-in-pamirs\|title = Tajikistan: Report confirms significant Chinese security presence in Pamirs \| Eurasianet}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news\|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-pacific-12180567\|title = Tajikistan cedes land to China\|work = BBC News\|date = 13 January 2011}}</ref> since then Tajikistan has been tying up with India to counter Chinese [[expansionism]]<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://m.economictimes.com/news/defence/bhutan-not-the-sole-sufferer-beijing-is-bullying-other-nations-too/amp_articleshow/59480024.cms\|title = China: Bhutan not the sole sufferer, Beijing is bullying other nations too}}</ref> that has also been described as "bullying" of small countries.<ref>{{Cite news\|url=https://www.wsj.com/amp/articles/stop-the-bully-in-the-south-china-sea-11567033378\|title = Opinion \| Stop the Bully in the South China Sea\|newspaper = Wall Street Journal\|date = 28 August 2019}}</ref> Military presence in Tajikistan and its neighbouring [[Central Asian Republic]]s has been coveted by the United States, Russia and China apart from India.<ref name="AT"/><ref name="AT2"/>

	==Bilateral cooperation==		==Bilateral cooperation==
	Despite their common efforts, bilateral trade has been comparatively low, valued at US$12.09 million in 2005;<ref name="OPX">{{cite news \|title=India, Tajikistan to further bilateral trade \|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/1842196.cms \|date=2 August 2006 \|work=[[The Economic Times]], [[Times of India]] \|access-date=15 June 2008}}</ref> India's exports to Tajikistan were valued at US$6.2 million and its imports at US$5.89 million.<ref name="OPX"/> To expand economic co-operation and trade, Tajikistan and India established an inter-governmental commission on trade, economic, scientific and technical co-operation and have encouraged investment and trade in [[hydroelectricity]], transport, mining, food processing, construction and tourism.<ref name="OPX"/> India has also offered to repair and modernise the Varzob-1 [[hydroelectric power plant]].<ref name="AT"/> In 2006, the [[List of Presidents of Tajikistan\|President of Tajikistan]] [[Emomali Rakhmanov]] made an official visit to India that resulted in bolstered efforts to expand trade and cooperation on [[anti-terrorism]] issues.<ref name="AT"/>		Despite their common efforts, bilateral trade has been comparatively low, valued at US$42.33 million in 2016-17 increased from US$12.09 million in 2005;<ref name="OPX">{{cite news \|title=India, Tajikistan to further bilateral trade \|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/1842196.cms \|date=2 August 2006 \|work=[[The Economic Times]], [[Times of India]] \|access-date=15 June 2008}}</ref> India's exports to Tajikistan were valued at US$6.2 million and its imports at US$5.89 million.<ref name="OPX"/> To expand economic co-operation and trade, Tajikistan and India established an inter-governmental commission on trade, economic, scientific and technical co-operation and have encouraged investment and trade in [[hydroelectricity]], transport, mining, food processing, construction and tourism.<ref name="OPX"/> India has also offered to repair and modernise the Varzob-1 [[hydroelectric power plant]].<ref name="AT"/> In 2006, the [[List of Presidents of Tajikistan\|President of Tajikistan]] [[Emomali Rakhmanov]] made an official visit to India that resulted in bolstered efforts to expand trade and cooperation on [[anti-terrorism]] issues.<ref name="AT"/>

	===Bilateral Trade===		===Bilateral Trade===
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	\|21.82		\|21.82
	\|-		\|-
	\| colspan="13" \| ~~<center>~~<small>Ministry of Commerce & Industry, India as on August,2017</small~~></center~~>		\| colspan="13" style="text-align:center;" \| <small>Ministry of Commerce & Industry, India as on August,2017</small>
	\|-		\|-
	\|}		\|}

	The major items of India's exports are [[~~Pharmaceutical_industry_in_India~~\|pharmaceuticals]], [[~~History_of_tea_in_India~~\|tea]], [[Coffee production in India\|coffee]], chemicals, [[~~Textile_industry_in_India~~\|textiles/clothing/apparel]] and machinery and the major imports are aluminium, cotton, [[dry fruit]]s, vegetables and [[organic chemicals]].<ref name=MEA_Tajik_2014 /> The Trade between the countries is not very significant due to the [[landlocked\|inaccessibility]] of the country. Currently all trade between India and Tajikistan is done by sea from India to the port of [[Bandar Abbas]] in Iran and then by road through [[Turkmenistan]] and [[Uzbekistan]].<ref name=MEA_Tajik_2014 />		The major items of India's exports are [[Pharmaceutical industry in India\|pharmaceuticals]], [[History of tea in India\|tea]], [[Coffee production in India\|coffee]], chemicals, [[Textile industry in India\|textiles/clothing/apparel]] and machinery and the major imports are aluminium, cotton, [[dry fruit]]s, vegetables and [[organic chemicals]].<ref name=MEA_Tajik_2014 /> The Trade between the countries is not very significant due to the [[landlocked\|inaccessibility]] of the country. Currently all trade between India and Tajikistan is done by sea from India to the port of [[Bandar Abbas]] in Iran and then by road through [[Turkmenistan]] and [[Uzbekistan]] that every thing become expensive for India huge revenue lost in transportation .<ref name=MEA_Tajik_2014 />

	==ITEC Assistance==		==ITEC Assistance==
Line 83:		Line 82:

	==Strategic and military ties==		==Strategic and military ties==
	India's military presence and activities have been significant, beginning with India's extensive support to the anti-Taliban [[Afghan Northern Alliance]] (ANA). In 2002, India built a hospital at the [[Farkhor Air Base]], located 60 km from the [[Afghan]] border, to treat wounded ANA fighters;<ref name="AT"/> the leader of the ANA [[Ahmed Shah Massoud]] had been rushed there after the fatal attack on his life on 10 September 2001. After the United States declined [[Tajikistan]]'s offer to use the base, the [[Government of India\|Indian government]] began talks over using the base, and the then-[[Indian Prime Minister]] [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]] signed an agreement with the Tajik president [[Emomali Rahmon]] to that effect on 14 November 2003.<ref name="TI"/> India began renovating the base and stationed aircraft of the [[Indian Air Force]] there.<ref name="TI"/> The use of the base was speculated to include the acquisition of military and energy assets from the former [[Soviet]] republics of Central Asia, given India's primary reliance on [[~~List_of_military_equipment_of_the_Soviet_Army~~\|Soviet/Russian weaponry]].<ref name="TI"/> India also sees the base providing access to the oil and energy resources of Central Asia.<ref name="TOI3"/> India also promised to aid in Tajikistan's defence and is providing training to the [[Military of Tajikistan\|Tajikistan Air Force]].<ref name="AT"/><ref name="TI"/> Indian presence at [[Farkhor]] has been objected to by [[Pakistan]], which sees it as a threat.<ref name="TI"/> The [[Farkhor Air Base]] became fully operational in 2006, and 12 [[MiG-29]] [[fighter aircraft\|fighters]] and [[trainer aircraft]] are planned to be stationed there.<ref name="AT"/><ref name="TOI3"/> India is the fourth nation after the US, Russia and Germany to have a [[military base]] in Central Asia.<ref name="AT"/> India has established a [[military hospital]] in southern Tajikistan. The hospital with capacity of 50 beds will treat [[military personnel]] as well as civilians.<ref>{{cite web \| url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/India-airlifts-military-hospital-to-Tajikistan-to-strengthen-geo-strategic-footprint-in-Central-Asia/articleshow/19606798.cms \| title=India airlifts military hospital to Tajikistan to strengthen geo-strategic footprint in Central Asia \| work=The Times of India \| date=18 April 2013 \| access-date=18 April 2013 \| author=Pandit, Rajat}}</ref>		India's military presence and activities have been significant, beginning with India's extensive support to the anti-Taliban [[Afghan Northern Alliance]] (ANA). In 2002, India built a hospital at the [[Farkhor Air Base]], located 60 km from the [[Afghanistan\|Afghan]] border, to treat wounded ANA fighters;<ref name="AT"/> the leader of the ANA [[Ahmed Shah Massoud]] had been rushed there after the fatal attack on his life on 10 September 2001. After the United States declined [[Tajikistan]]'s offer to use the base, the [[Government of India\|Indian government]] began talks over using the base, and the then-[[Indian Prime Minister]] [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]] signed an agreement with the Tajik president [[Emomali Rahmon]] to that effect on 14 November 2003.<ref name="TI"/> India began renovating the base and stationed aircraft of the [[Indian Air Force]] there.<ref name="TI"/> The use of the base was speculated to include the acquisition of military and energy assets from the former [[Soviet]] republics of Central Asia, given India's primary reliance on [[List of military equipment of the Soviet Army\|Soviet/Russian weaponry]].<ref name="TI"/> India also sees the base providing access to the oil and energy resources of Central Asia.<ref name="TOI3"/> India also promised to aid in Tajikistan's defence and is providing training to the [[Military of Tajikistan\|Tajikistan Air Force]].<ref name="AT"/><ref name="TI"/> Indian presence at [[Farkhor]] has been objected to by [[Pakistan]], which sees it as a threat.<ref name="TI"/> The [[Farkhor Air Base]] became fully operational in 2006, and 12 [[MiG-29]] [[fighter aircraft\|fighters]] and [[trainer aircraft]] are planned to be stationed there.<ref name="AT"/><ref name="TOI3"/> India is the fourth nation after the US, Russia and Germany to have a [[military base]] in Central Asia.<ref name="AT"/> India has established a [[military hospital]] in southern Tajikistan. The hospital with capacity of 50 beds will treat [[military personnel]] as well as civilians.<ref>{{cite web \| url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/India-airlifts-military-hospital-to-Tajikistan-to-strengthen-geo-strategic-footprint-in-Central-Asia/articleshow/19606798.cms \| title=India airlifts military hospital to Tajikistan to strengthen geo-strategic footprint in Central Asia \| work=The Times of India \| date=18 April 2013 \| access-date=18 April 2013 \| author=Pandit, Rajat}}</ref>

	==Cultural ties==		==Cultural ties==
	[[Bollywood\|~~Indian~~ films]] are the most popular [[foreign films]] in the nation, ~~and [[Hindi]]-~~[[Urdu]] [[Academic department\|departments]] are very large in the country's universities.<ref>{{cite news\| url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/Central-Asia-is-best-place-to-host-centenary-of-Indian-cinema-next-year/articleshow/12494040.cms \| work=The Times of India \| title=Central Asia is best place to host centenary of Indian cinema next year \| date=1 April 2012}}</ref>		[[Bollywood\|Hindi films]] are the most popular [[foreign films]] in the nation, [[Urdu]] [[Academic department\|departments]] are very large in the country's universities.<ref>{{cite news\| url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/Central-Asia-is-best-place-to-host-centenary-of-Indian-cinema-next-year/articleshow/12494040.cms \| work=The Times of India \| title=Central Asia is best place to host centenary of Indian cinema next year \| date=1 April 2012}}</ref>

	== References ==		== References ==

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{{Short description|1=Diplomatic relations between the Republic of India and the Republic of Tajikistan}}
{{Infobox Bilateral relations|Indo-Tajik|India|Tajikistan}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
[[File:Prime Minister Narendra Modi with President of the Republic of Tajikistan Emomali Rahmon.jpg|thumb|Indian prime minister [[Narendra Modi]] and Tajikistan president [[Emomali Rahmon]].]]
The '''bilateral relations between the [[Republic of India]] and the [[Republic of Tajikistan]]''' have developed considerably owing to both nations' co-operation on security and strategic issues. India has set up its first overseas military base Farkhor in Tajikistan. India also assisted in building Ayni hospital.<ref name="AT">{{cite web |title=India's foray into Central Asia |url=http://www.atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/HH12Df01.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060819190609/http://atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/HH12Df01.html |url-status=unfit |archive-date=19 August 2006 |date=12 August 2006 |work=[[Asia Times]] |access-date=15 June 2008}}</ref><ref name="TI">{{cite web |title=India to base planes in Tajikistan |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2003/20031115/main1.htm |date=15 November 2003 |publisher=The Tribune, India |access-date=15 June 2008}}</ref><ref name="TOI2">{{cite web|title=IAF's base in Tajikistan will be ready by '04 |url=http://www.ipcs.org/Oct_04_militaryAirforc.pdf |author=Mahendra Ved |publisher=Institute for Peace and Conflict Studies, [[Times of India]] |date=1 October 2004 |access-date=15 June 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080227152412/http://www.ipcs.org/Oct_04_militaryAirforc.pdf |archive-date=27 February 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="TOI3">{{cite news |title=India to station MiG-29s at Tajikistan base|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/world/1025115/report-india-to-station-mig-29s-at-tajikistan-base |date=20 April 2006 |work=[[Daily News and Analysis]] |access-date=18 April 2008}}</ref>

== Background ==
Diplomatic relations were established with Tajikistan's independence following the 1991 dissolution of the [[Soviet Union]], which had been friendly with India. Tajikistan occupies a strategically important position in Central Asia, bordering [[Afghanistan]], the People's Republic of China and separated by a small strip of Afghan territory called the [[Wakhan Corridor]] from northern [[Gilgit–Baltistan]] ([[Kashmir#Current_status_and_political_divisions|Pakistan-controlled Kashmir]]). Both Russia and China have sought to cultivate ties with Tajikistan, which has also been seen as important in the [[War in Afghanistan (2001–present)|war in Afghanistan]] against the [[Islamism|Islamist]] [[Taliban]] and [[Al-Qaeda]].<ref name="AT">{{cite web |title=India's foray into Central Asia |url=http://www.atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/HH12Df01.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060819190609/http://atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/HH12Df01.html |url-status=unfit |archive-date=19 August 2006 |date=12 August 2006 |work=[[Asia Times]] |access-date=15 June 2008}}</ref><ref name="AT2">{{cite web |title=Scramble for Central Asian bases |url=http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Central_Asia/ED09Ag01.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030409131321/http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Central_Asia/ED09Ag01.html |url-status=unfit |archive-date=9 April 2003 |date=9 April 2003 |work=[[Asia Times]] |access-date=15 June 2008}}</ref> India's role in fighting the Taliban and Al-Qaeda and its strategic rivalry with both China and Pakistan have made its ties with Tajikistan important to its strategic and [[national security|security]] policies.<ref name="AT"/><ref name="AT2"/> In 2011, Tajikistan was caught up in [[China's debt trap]], the Tajik Govt ceded 1,000 km<sup>2</sup> of territory to the [[Communist Party of China]] for a partial rebate,<ref>https://eurasianet.org/tajikistan-report-confirms-significant-chinese-security-presence-in-pamirs</ref><ref>https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-pacific-12180567</ref> since then Tajikistan has been tying up with India to counter Chinese [[expansionism]]<ref>https://m.economictimes.com/news/defence/bhutan-not-the-sole-sufferer-beijing-is-bullying-other-nations-too/amp_articleshow/59480024.cms</ref> that has also been described as "bullying" of small countries.<ref>https://www.wsj.com/amp/articles/stop-the-bully-in-the-south-china-sea-11567033378</ref> Military presence in Tajikistan and its neighbouring [[Central Asian Republic]]s has been coveted by the United States, Russia and China apart from India.<ref name="AT"/><ref name="AT2"/>

==Bilateral cooperation==
Despite their common efforts, bilateral trade has been comparatively low, valued at US$12.09 million in 2005;<ref name="OPX">{{cite news |title=India, Tajikistan to further bilateral trade |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/1842196.cms |date=2 August 2006 |work=[[The Economic Times]], [[Times of India]] |access-date=15 June 2008}}</ref> India's exports to Tajikistan were valued at US$6.2 million and its imports at US$5.89 million.<ref name="OPX"/> To expand economic co-operation and trade, Tajikistan and India established an inter-governmental commission on trade, economic, scientific and technical co-operation and have encouraged investment and trade in [[hydroelectricity]], transport, mining, food processing, construction and tourism.<ref name="OPX"/> India has also offered to repair and modernise the Varzob-1 [[hydroelectric power plant]].<ref name="AT"/> In 2006, the [[List of Presidents of Tajikistan|President of Tajikistan]] [[Emomali Rakhmanov]] made an official visit to India that resulted in bolstered efforts to expand trade and cooperation on [[anti-terrorism]] issues.<ref name="AT"/>

===Bilateral Trade===
{|class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%"
! colspan="12" | Trade Value in US$ Million <ref name="MEA_Tajik_2014">{{cite web|url=https://www.mea.gov.in/Portal/ForeignRelation/Tajikistan_August_2017.pdf|title=India-Tajikistan Relations|website=Ministry of External Affairs India|publisher=Government of India|access-date=9 December 2018}}</ref>
!
|-
|
!2005–06
!2006–07
!2007–08
!2008–09
!2009–10
!2010–11
!2011–12
!2012–13
!2013–14
!2014–15
!2015–16
!2016–17
|-
|Total Trade
|12.13
|15.50
|22.21
|34.18
|32.56
|41.33
|30.14
|48.02
|55.13
|58.1
|32.24
|42.33
|-
|Exports from India to Tajikistan
|6.24
|7.45
|12.40
|16.71
|15.71
|18.31
|21.28
|35.16
|54.27
|53.71
|22.26
|20.51
|-
|Imports to India from Tajikistan
|5.89
|8.05
|9.81
|17.47
|16.85
|23.02
|8.86
|12.86
|0.86
|4.39
|9.98
|21.82
|-
| colspan="13" | <center><small>Ministry of Commerce & Industry, India as on August,2017</small></center>
|-
|}

The major items of India's exports are [[Pharmaceutical_industry_in_India|pharmaceuticals]], [[History_of_tea_in_India|tea]], [[Coffee production in India|coffee]], chemicals, [[Textile_industry_in_India|textiles/clothing/apparel]] and machinery and the major imports are aluminium, cotton, [[dry fruit]]s, vegetables and [[organic chemicals]].<ref name=MEA_Tajik_2014 /> The Trade between the countries is not very significant due to the [[landlocked|inaccessibility]] of the country. Currently all trade between India and Tajikistan is done by sea from India to the port of [[Bandar Abbas]] in Iran and then by road through [[Turkmenistan]] and [[Uzbekistan]].<ref name=MEA_Tajik_2014 />

==ITEC Assistance==
As a [[least developed country|lesser developed country]], and one of the poorest nations in the world, Tajikistan is one of the largest beneficiaries of the [[Indian Technical and Economic Cooperation Programme]] (ITEC) programme. Till date, 381 Tajik personnel have been trained under the ITEC scheme. Similarly, 160 students have received Government of India scholarships for higher studies. So far, 35 Tajik [[military cadets]] and 67 young officers have undergone training at [[National Defence Academy]] in [[Pune]], [[Indian Military Academy]] in [[Dehradun]] and other training establishments. The first batch of Tajik officers graduating out of NDA and IMA returned to Tajikistan in June 2007 and were inducted into the [[Military of Tajikistan|Tajik Defence forces]].

==Strategic and military ties==
India's military presence and activities have been significant, beginning with India's extensive support to the anti-Taliban [[Afghan Northern Alliance]] (ANA). In 2002, India built a hospital at the [[Farkhor Air Base]], located 60 km from the [[Afghan]] border, to treat wounded ANA fighters;<ref name="AT"/> the leader of the ANA [[Ahmed Shah Massoud]] had been rushed there after the fatal attack on his life on 10 September 2001. After the United States declined [[Tajikistan]]'s offer to use the base, the [[Government of India|Indian government]] began talks over using the base, and the then-[[Indian Prime Minister]] [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]] signed an agreement with the Tajik president [[Emomali Rahmon]] to that effect on 14 November 2003.<ref name="TI"/> India began renovating the base and stationed aircraft of the [[Indian Air Force]] there.<ref name="TI"/> The use of the base was speculated to include the acquisition of military and energy assets from the former [[Soviet]] republics of Central Asia, given India's primary reliance on [[List_of_military_equipment_of_the_Soviet_Army|Soviet/Russian weaponry]].<ref name="TI"/> India also sees the base providing access to the oil and energy resources of Central Asia.<ref name="TOI3"/> India also promised to aid in Tajikistan's defence and is providing training to the [[Military of Tajikistan|Tajikistan Air Force]].<ref name="AT"/><ref name="TI"/> Indian presence at [[Farkhor]] has been objected to by [[Pakistan]], which sees it as a threat.<ref name="TI"/> The [[Farkhor Air Base]] became fully operational in 2006, and 12 [[MiG-29]] [[fighter aircraft|fighters]] and [[trainer aircraft]] are planned to be stationed there.<ref name="AT"/><ref name="TOI3"/> India is the fourth nation after the US, Russia and Germany to have a [[military base]] in Central Asia.<ref name="AT"/> India has established a [[military hospital]] in southern Tajikistan. The hospital with capacity of 50 beds will treat [[military personnel]] as well as civilians.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/India-airlifts-military-hospital-to-Tajikistan-to-strengthen-geo-strategic-footprint-in-Central-Asia/articleshow/19606798.cms | title=India airlifts military hospital to Tajikistan to strengthen geo-strategic footprint in Central Asia | work=The Times of India | date=18 April 2013 | access-date=18 April 2013 | author=Pandit, Rajat}}</ref>

==Cultural ties==
[[Bollywood|Indian films]] are the most popular [[foreign films]] in the nation, and [[Hindi]]-[[Urdu]] [[Academic department|departments]] are very large in the country's universities.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/Central-Asia-is-best-place-to-host-centenary-of-Indian-cinema-next-year/articleshow/12494040.cms | work=The Times of India | title=Central Asia is best place to host centenary of Indian cinema next year | date=1 April 2012}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Foreign relations of India}}
{{Foreign relations of Tajikistan}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:India-Tajikistan relations}}
[[Category:India–Tajikistan relations| ]]
[[Category:Bilateral relations of India|Tajikistan]]
[[Category:Bilateral relations of Tajikistan]]