CleanupBot: /* Post Cold War */clean up

2022-01-03T13:05:44Z

Post Cold War: clean up

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:35, 3 January 2022
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	===Post Cold War===		===Post Cold War===
	[[File:The Prime Minister, Dr. Manmohan Singh meeting the Prime Minister of Poland, Mr. Donald Tusk, in New Delhi on September 07, 2010 (1).jpg\|thumb\|right\|Former Prime Minister of Poland [[Donald Tusk]] (left) and former Prime Minister of India [[Manmohan Singh]] (right) meet in New Delhi, September 2010.]]		[[File:The Prime Minister, Dr. Manmohan Singh meeting the Prime Minister of Poland, Mr. Donald Tusk, in New Delhi on September 07, 2010 (1).jpg\|thumb\|right\|Former Prime Minister of Poland [[Donald Tusk]] (left) and former Prime Minister of India [[Manmohan Singh]] (right) meet in New Delhi, September 2010.]]
	After the [[Collapse of Soviet Union]], both countries focused on improving ties with the [[European Community]] and the [[United States]]. Even after the [[History of Poland (1989–present)\|events of 1989]], when Poland transitioned to the modern democratic [[Republic of Poland]], relations with India have maintained continuity and have remained on an even keel reflecting relations with India were not an adjunct of the Cold War and are based on sound principles. Contacts between the Indian and Polish Parliaments were established after the fall of the [[Communist society\|Communism]] in 1989. A Polish parliamentary delegation led by the [[Marshal of the Sejm]], had visited India in December 1992. A Polish-Indian Parliamentary Group had been set up during the term of the last Parliament which held office from 1996-2001. [[Speaker of Lok Sabha]], [[Manohar Joshi]] led a multi-party Parliamentary delegation to Poland from ~~22-26~~ May 2002. Also, the Speaker of the [[Sejm of the Republic of Poland]], [[Jozef Oleksy]], led a Polish parliamentary delegation to India from ~~9-11~~ December 2004. In April 2009, [[President of India\|Indian President]] [[Pratibha Devisingh Patil]] visited Poland.<ref name="Indo-Polish relations"/> In September 2010, Polish Prime Minister [[Donald Tusk]] visited India and met with Indian politicians and businessmen.		After the [[Collapse of Soviet Union]], both countries focused on improving ties with the [[European Community]] and the [[United States]]. Even after the [[History of Poland (1989–present)\|events of 1989]], when Poland transitioned to the modern democratic [[Republic of Poland]], relations with India have maintained continuity and have remained on an even keel reflecting relations with India were not an adjunct of the Cold War and are based on sound principles. Contacts between the Indian and Polish Parliaments were established after the fall of the [[Communist society\|Communism]] in 1989. A Polish parliamentary delegation led by the [[Marshal of the Sejm]], had visited India in December 1992. A Polish-Indian Parliamentary Group had been set up during the term of the last Parliament which held office from 1996-2001. [[Speaker of Lok Sabha]], [[Manohar Joshi]] led a multi-party Parliamentary delegation to Poland from 22–26 May 2002. Also, the Speaker of the [[Sejm of the Republic of Poland]], [[Jozef Oleksy]], led a Polish parliamentary delegation to India from 9–11 December 2004. In April 2009, [[President of India\|Indian President]] [[Pratibha Devisingh Patil]] visited Poland.<ref name="Indo-Polish relations"/> In September 2010, Polish Prime Minister [[Donald Tusk]] visited India and met with Indian politicians and businessmen.

	==Trade, investment, defence and the economy==		==Trade, investment, defence and the economy==

>Doremo: Polish language → Polish

2021-05-31T11:20:07Z

Polish language → Polish

New page

{{Short description|1=Diplomatic relations between the Republic of India and the Republic of Poland}}
{{Infobox bilateral relations
|party1 = Poland
|party2 = India
|map = Poland India Locator.svg
|filetype = svg
|envoytitle1 = [[Ambassador#Ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary|Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary]]
|envoy1 = [[Adam Burakowski]]
|envoytitle2 = [[Ambassador]]
|envoy2 = Tsewang Namgyal
|mission1 = Embassy of the Republic of Poland, [[New Delhi]]
|mission2 = Embassy of India to Poland & Lithuania, [[Warsaw]]
}}
'''Indo-Polish relations''' refers to the [[Bilateralism|bilateral]] [[international relations|relations]] between the [[Republic of Poland]] and the [[Republic of India]]. Historically, relations have generally been friendly, characterised by understanding and cooperation on an international front.

==History==
===Origin: The Age of Discovery===
During the 16th century [[Renaissance]] and the [[Age of Discovery]] period in the [[Crown of the Kingdom of Poland]], a small number of Poland's nobility, statesmen, merchants and writers visited India and fostered the abiding interest of the Polish people in the [[civilization]], [[philosophy]], spiritual traditions, art and [[culture of India]].<ref name="IEVGP">{{Cite book|title=Indian Epic Values: Rāmāyaṇa and Its Impact : Proceedings of the 8th International Rāmāyaạ Conference, Leuven, 6-8 July 1991|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EVnK3q48dL0C&q=Indian+Epic+Values|first=Gilbert|last=Pollet|publisher=Peeters Publishers|location=Leuven|year=1995|page=89|isbn=9789068317015}}</ref><ref name="AMVCSA1">{{Cite book|title=Art, Myths and Visual Culture of South Asia|url=http://www.balcerowicz.eu/indology/South_Asian_Art_2011.pdf|first=Piotr|last=Balcerowicz|publisher=Monohar Publishers & Distributors|location=New Delhi|date=2011|pages=10–11|volume=4|isbn=9788173049514}}</ref> One of the first diplomatic dignitaries and travellers during this period to make Polish contact with India—then under the rule of the [[Mughal Empire]], was the Polish [[nobleman]] and [[Public figure|statesman]] {{interlanguage link|Pawel Palczowski of Palczowic|pl|Paweł Palczowski}} who was a long serving royal courtier to King [[Sigismund III Vasa]] and from the distinguished senior [[Silesia]]n noble [[Princely Houses of Poland#Princely titles granted by foreign monarchs|house of Saszowski]] family.<ref name="IEVGP" /><ref name="AMVCSA1" /><ref name="OPSO">{{Cite book|title=Orbis Polonus splendoribus coeli, triumphis mundi, pulchritudine animantium condecoratus, in quo antiqua Sarmatorum gentiliata pervetusta nobilitatis insignia etc. specificantur et relucent|volume=III|trans-title=Polish Encyclopedia of the ancient Sarmatian families, the history of the coats of arms of the nobles of Poland old and new, their origin as awards for honorable deeds & the arms themselves specifically described and emblazoned|url=https://jbc.bj.uj.edu.pl/dlibra/publication/240796/edition/229153|first=Szymon|last=Okolski|author-link=Szymon Okolski|publisher=In Officina Typographica Francisci Cæsarii|location=Kraków|date=1641–1645|pages=94–98|language=la}}</ref><ref name="BPHRP">{{Cite book|title=Herby Rycerztwa Polskiego|trans-title=Coats of Arms of Polish Knights|url=http://www.dbc.wroc.pl/dlibra/doccontent?id=9225&from=FBC|first=Bartłomiej|last=Paprocki|author-link=Bartosz Paprocki|publisher=Maciej Garwolczyk|location=Kraków|date=1584|pages=557–558|language=pl, la}}</ref> Others from this period include {{interlanguage link|Erazm Kretkowski|pl|Erazm Kretkowski (1508–1558)}} a Polish diplomatic representative for King [[Sigismund II Augustus]] in the [[Ottoman Empire]] in 1538 and royal [[castellan]] of [[Brześć Kujawski]] and [[Gniezno]], and {{interlanguage link|Krzysztof Pawlowski|pl|Krzysztof Pawłowski (podróżnik)}} a Polish [[seafarer]] and diarist who provided a description of India preserved in Polish, recorded in a letter dated 1569 to an unknown person;<ref name="IEVGP" /><ref name="AMVCSA1" /> Pawlowski who came to India in 1569, left a rudimentary description of the sea route from [[Gdańsk]] via Portugal ([[Lisbon]]) to India ([[Goa]]) in the form of a comprehensive letter-relation to a friend in [[Kraków]], in which described the customs of 'dark' people. A consequence of these voyages soon provided Indian echoes in Polish literature.<ref name="IEVGP" />

As early as 1611, the Polish [[Catholic]] priest, translator and poet, [[:pl:Stanisław Grochowski (poeta)|Stanislaw Grochowski]] (1542-1612), published a book titled ''Cudowne wiersze z indyjskiego jezyka'' (Wonderful Verses from the Indian Language).<ref name="IEVGP" /> It was a translation of the [[Bhagavad Gita]], which had first been translated from [[Sanskrit]] into [[Medieval Latin]] by the Italian poet and [[Jesuit]] missionary Francisco Benci (1542-1594), who had stayed in India and later lectured at the Jesuit college in [[Pułtusk]], Poland. Where Stanislaw Grochowski was a professor.<ref name="IEVGP" />

===19th century===
During the 19th century, several [[Sanskrit]] classics were translated into Polish and a 'History of Ancient India' in Polish was one of the first of its kind to be published in [[Europe]].<ref name="IEVGP" /> A Chair of Sanskrit was set up at the [[Jagiellonian University]] of [[Kraków]] in 1893. Studies and research in Indian languages and literature had developed at the Universities of Kraków, [[Warsaw]], [[Wrocław]] and [[Poznań]]. At the beginning of the 20th century, the [[Maharaja of Jodhpur]], commissioned the accomplished Polish [[visual artist]] {{interlanguage link|Stefan Norblin|pl}}, to decorate the [[Umaid Bhawan Palace]] with a series of paintings, where his works were rediscovered in the 1990s.<ref name="Indo-Polish relations" /><ref name="CAMI1">{{Cite web|title=Stefan Norblin's Indian Inspirations — Image Gallery|url=https://culture.pl/en/artist/stefan-norblin|first=Marek|last=Kępa|publisher=Culture.pl - [[Adam Mickiewicz Institute]]|location=Warsaw|date=November 2012}}</ref> Whilst staying in India during [[World War II]], Norblin also painted portraits of the local aristocracy and decorated their residences.<ref name="CAMI1" />

===World War II===
[[Mahatma Gandhi]] and [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] were known to be vocal supporters of Poland's struggle against the [[Invasion of Poland]] by [[Nazi Germany|Germany]], the [[Soviet invasion of Poland|Soviet Union]], the [[Battle of Danzig Bay|Free City of Danzig]], and a small [[Slovak invasion of Poland|Slovak]] contingent that marked the beginning of [[World War II]].<ref name="Indo-Polish relations" /><ref name="BIUK1">{{Cite web|title=Gandhi's 1940 letter to Adolf Hitler: Seek peace or someone will 'beat you with your own weapon'|url=http://uk.businessinsider.com/gandhis-1940-letter-to-adolf-hitler-2015-4|first=Harrison|last=Jacobs|publisher=Business Insider UK|location=New York|date=2 April 2015}}</ref><ref name="TOTG1">{{Cite web|title=Letters of note: Mohandas Gandhi's letter to Adolf Hitler, 1939. India's figurehead for independence and non-violent protest pleads with the leader of Nazi Germany|url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/interactive/2013/oct/12/mohandas-gandhi-adolf-hitler-letter|publisher=The Observer|location=London|date=12 October 2013}}</ref> Both Indian [[intelligentsia]] and Indian military officials were vocal supporters of Polish autonomy and freedom when Germany and the Soviet Union [[Occupation of Poland (1939–1945)|occupied Poland]] in September 1939. Many Polish citizens were given refuge in India by Indian [[maharajas]].<ref name="Indo-Polish relations">{{cite web|url=http://www.indianembassy.pl/iprelation.html |title=Indo-Polish relations |publisher=Embassy of India in Poland. |access-date=2009-09-17 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031031155652/http://www.indianembassy.pl/iprelation.html |archive-date=2003-10-31 }}</ref><ref name="IPCCI1">{{Cite web|title=60 Years of Indo-Polish Relations : A Personal Reflection|url=http://www.ipcci.pl/service/60-years-of-indo-polish-relations-a-personal-reflection/|first=Surender|last=Bhutani|publisher=Indo Polish Chamber of Commerce and Industry (IPCCI)|location=Warsaw|date=14 March 2018}}</ref><ref name="EMBOIPL1">{{Cite web|title=India and Poland: India-Poland Relations|url=http://www.indianembassywarsaw.gov.in/eoi.php?id=Pol_relat|publisher=Embassy of India in Poland & Lithuania|location=Warsaw|date=3 April 2017}}</ref>
[[File:The President, Smt. Pratibha Devisingh Patil delivering a press statement after the signing of MoU between India & Poland at Presidential Palace in Warsaw, Poland on April 24, 2009.jpg|thumb|right|Former [[President of India]], [[Pratibha Devisingh Patil]] and former [[President of Poland]], [[Lech Kaczyński]], delivering a press statement after the signing of a [[memorandum of understanding]] between India & Poland at the [[Presidential Palace, Warsaw|Presidential Palace]] in [[Warsaw]], April 2009.]]

====Polish refugees in India====
[[File:Pomnik dobrego maharadży hindi (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|Monument at the 'Square of the Good Maharaja' (Skwer Dobrego Maharadży) in Warsaw]]
During the [[Second World War]] [[Occupation of Poland (1939–1945)|Occupation of Poland]] by the [[Soviet Union]] in the east and the [[Nazi Germany|German Reich]] in the west, the [[Maharaja]] [[Jam Sahib]] of [[Nawanagar State]], [[Digvijaysinhji Ranjitsinhji]] Jadeja of Nawanagar, extended hospitality and sanctuary to more than 640 Polish [[Forced displacement|displaced persons]], the majority were [[orphaned]] children and women, out of some 5000 refugees sent to India from Soviet deportation, and despite India itself suffering from a severe backdrop of drought and famine at that time.<ref name="TBI1">{{Cite web|title=How One Maharaja Helped Save the Lives of 640 Polish Children and Women During World War II|url=https://www.thebetterindia.com/52118/maharaja-digvijaysinhji-ranjitsinhji-jadeja-nawanagar-ww2-little-poland-in-india/|first=Anandita|last=Jumde|publisher=The Better India, Vikara Media Pvt Ltd|location=Bangalore|date=17 April 2016}}</ref><ref name="PHM1">{{Cite web|title=Google Arts & Culture: 1939-1948 Passage to India, Polish settlements in Balachadi and Valivade|url=https://artsandculture.google.com/exhibit/FQKCQq9LDKemIg|first=Ewa|last=Wójcicka|publisher=Polish History Museum|location=Warsaw}}</ref><ref name="MFAP1">{{Cite web|title=The Sejm commemorates the "Good Maharaja"|url=https://polska.pl/history/history-poland/sejm-commemorates-good-maharaja/|first=Karolina|last=Kowalska|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Poland|location=Warsaw|date=30 May 2016}}</ref> After their ship and plight was turned away by every country approached and when the British Crown governor in [[Mumbai]] (Bombay) too refused them entry, the Maharaja Jam Sahib, frustrated by the lack of empathy and unwillingness of the British government to act, ordered the ship to dock at Rozi port in his province.<ref name="TBI1" /><ref name="PHM1" /> The displaced persons, lived in camps in several places in western India, including [[Balachadi]] (near Jamnagar), Valivade (near [[Kolhapur]]) and [[Panchgani]].<ref name="TBI1" /><ref name="PHM1" /> Digvijaysinhji Ranjitsinhji's unparalleled act of generosity, saw him become patron of the first public school complex founded in Poland after the Second World War, located in the capital of [[Warsaw]], and named ''[[:pl:Zespół Społecznych Szkół Ogólnokształcących Bednarska|Jam Saheba Digvijay Sinhji]]'' in his honour.<ref name="TBI1" /><ref name="PHM1" /><ref name="IBF1">{{Cite web|title=International Baccalaureate Organization: Jam Saheba Digvijay Sinhji|url=https://www.ibo.org/en/school/001531|first=Ewa|last=Wójcicka|publisher=IB Foundation, Geneva|location=Geneva}}</ref> In 2012, the [[Sejm]] of the Republic of Poland, honoured the 50th anniversary of his death, posthumously awarding the Commander's Cross of the [[Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland]], and the Warsaw City Council named one of its city [[urban park|park]] squares in [[Ochota]] district after him - the 'Square of the Good Maharaja' (Skwer Dobrego Maharadży).<ref name="MFAP1" /><ref name="RP1">{{Cite web|title=Good Maharaja Sq opened in Warsaw|url=http://www.thenews.pl/1/9/Artykul/112450,Good-Maharaja-Sq-opened-in-Warsaw|publisher=Radio Poland|location=Warsaw|date=17 September 2012}}</ref>

===Cold War===
During the post-War period, when Poland became the [[Polish People's Republic]] under the [[Northern Group of Forces|Soviet Occupation Forces]] and [[Polish Committee of National Liberation|Soviet-backed communist regime]], Poland, then a state in the [[Eastern Bloc]], was not a free agent to choose its destiny.<ref name="IPCCI1" /> This relaxed after the death of [[Joseph Stalin]] in 1953. The international situation became less tense, and the new Soviet leader [[Nikita Khrushchev]] took a liking to India's [[prime minister]] [[Jawaharlal Nehru]].<ref name="IPCCI1" /> In 1954, Poland and India formally agreed to establish [[Diplomatic mission|resident diplomatic missions]], and the Indian Embassy in [[Warsaw]] was opened in 1957, shortly after the 1956 [[Polish October]] revolution that marked a change in the politics of Poland.<ref name="IPCCI1" /> During the [[Cold War]] period, both Warsaw and [[New Delhi]] had close ties with the [[Soviet Union]] and this made them natural friends. On 25 January 1977 an agreement on the operation of air services between the two countries was signed in New Delhi.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Indo-Polish Agreement on Air Services|journal=Foreign Affairs Record|date=January 1977|volume=XXIII|issue=1|page=2|url=http://mealib.nic.in/far/1977.pdf|access-date=6 August 2013}}</ref>

===Post Cold War===
[[File:The Prime Minister, Dr. Manmohan Singh meeting the Prime Minister of Poland, Mr. Donald Tusk, in New Delhi on September 07, 2010 (1).jpg|thumb|right|Former Prime Minister of Poland [[Donald Tusk]] (left) and former Prime Minister of India [[Manmohan Singh]] (right) meet in New Delhi, September 2010.]]
After the [[Collapse of Soviet Union]], both countries focused on improving ties with the [[European Community]] and the [[United States]]. Even after the [[History of Poland (1989–present)|events of 1989]], when Poland transitioned to the modern democratic [[Republic of Poland]], relations with India have maintained continuity and have remained on an even keel reflecting relations with India were not an adjunct of the Cold War and are based on sound principles. Contacts between the Indian and Polish Parliaments were established after the fall of the [[Communist society|Communism]] in 1989. A Polish parliamentary delegation led by the [[Marshal of the Sejm]], had visited India in December 1992. A Polish-Indian Parliamentary Group had been set up during the term of the last Parliament which held office from 1996-2001. [[Speaker of Lok Sabha]], [[Manohar Joshi]] led a multi-party Parliamentary delegation to Poland from 22-26 May 2002. Also, the Speaker of the [[Sejm of the Republic of Poland]], [[Jozef Oleksy]], led a Polish parliamentary delegation to India from 9-11 December 2004. In April 2009, [[President of India|Indian President]] [[Pratibha Devisingh Patil]] visited Poland.<ref name="Indo-Polish relations"/> In September 2010, Polish Prime Minister [[Donald Tusk]] visited India and met with Indian politicians and businessmen.

==Trade, investment, defence and the economy==
[[File:Beni Prasad Verma and the Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Economy, Poland, Mr. Janusz Piechocinski after a meeting for strengthening ties between India and Poland in Warsaw, Poland. The Secretary.jpg|thumb|right|Former Secretary, Ministry of Steel, India, [[G. Mohan Kumar]] and former Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Economy, Poland, [[Janusz Piechociński]], strengthening ties between India and Poland, in Warsaw, October 2013.]]

===Economic ties===
Bilateral trade between the two countries has grown about eleven times from 1992 to 2008.<ref name="Indo-Polish relations" /> Bilateral trade, which totaled US$675.73 million (approximately {{INR}}3,825 crores) and US$861.78 million (approximately {{INR}}4,873 crores) in 2006 and 2007 respectively, crossed US$1 [[1,000,000,000 (number)|billion]] (approximately {{INR}}5,700 crores) in 2008 with US$1274.77 million<ref name="Indo-Polish relations" /> (approximately {{INR}}7,000 crores). During 2005, major Indian companies signed several agreements on investments that are expected to create more than 3,500 new jobs in Poland.<ref name=" India, Poland to boost economic ties ">{{cite news|url=http://in.ibtimes.com/articles/20060518/poland-kamal-nath-commerce-economic-trade-investment.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061024124453/http://in.ibtimes.com/articles/20060518/poland-kamal-nath-commerce-economic-trade-investment.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=24 October 2006|title=India, Poland to boost economic ties|first=Surojit|last=Chatterjee|date=18 May 2006|publisher=IBTimes India|access-date=2008-11-04}}</ref> India's major exports to Poland include [[Tea]], [[Coffee]], [[Spices]], [[Textiles]], [[Pharmaceuticals]], machinery and instruments, [[auto parts]] and surgical items. India's imports from Poland include machinery except electric and electronic appliances, artificial resins, [[plastic]] material, non-ferrous metals and machine tools.<ref name="POLISH ECONOMY-Foreign Trade">{{cite web|url=http://cii.in/menu_content.php?menu_id=1127|title=POLISH ECONOMY-Foreign Trade|publisher=Confedaration of Indian Industry|access-date=2008-11-04}}{{dead link|date=November 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> [[Confederation of Indian Industry]] (CII) has sent several delegations to Poland to explore economic opportunities in various sectors.<ref name="POLISH ECONOMY-Foreign Trade" /> Indian companies such as [[Tata Consultancy Services]], [[Wipro Technologies]], ZenSar and [[Videocon]] have already set up their bases in Poland.<ref name="Polish companies seek closer ties with India">{{cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/Economy/Polish_cos_seek_closer_ties_with_India/articleshow/3072628.cms|title=Polish companies seek closer ties with India|date=26 May 2008|work=IANS|publisher=Economic Times|access-date=2008-11-04}}</ref> The 'Indo-Polish Chamber of Commerce and Industry' (IPCCI) was formed in 2008 to protect and represent the interests within the range of economic activity and to promote economic relations between India and Poland.<ref name="Polish companies seek closer ties with India" /> Direct nonstop flights provided by LOT Polish Airlines between Warsaw Chopin Airport and Indira Gandhi International Airport started September 12, 2019.<ref name="Poland invites Indian investments with focus on SME sector ">{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2008/01/15/stories/2008011552261000.htm|title=Poland invites Indian investments with focus on SME sector|date=January 15, 2008|publisher=Business Daily from THE HINDU|access-date=2008-11-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090131055513/http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2008/01/15/stories/2008011552261000.htm|archive-date=2009-01-31|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Both countries have a long-standing history of cooperation in science and technology. The first Indo-Polish Agreement on this cooperation was signed in March 1974; subsequently, a new agreement with more focus Programmes of Cooperation (POC) in science and technology were signed between the two countries from time to time. The [[Council of Scientific and Industrial Research]] (CSIR) and the [[Indian National Science Academy]] (INSA) have ongoing scientific exchange programs with the [[Polish Academy of Sciences]] (PAS).<ref name="Indo-Polish relations" />

===Defence ties===
India's defence relations with Poland have grown from military cooperation to comprehensive defence cooperation that includes courses, training for [[UN peacekeeping operations]], and exchange of observers during army exercises.<ref name="Indian Army chief to visit Poland, Belarus ">{{cite web|url=http://www.nerve.in/news:253500133794|title=Indian Army chief to visit Poland, Belarus |date=7 March 2008|publisher=NERVE|access-date=2008-10-11}}</ref> India and Poland signed the Memorandum of Understanding on Defence Cooperation in February 2003 during the visit of the [[Prime Minister of Poland]] [[Leszek Miller]] to India. India awarded contracts worth US $600 million ({{INR}}3.5 thousand-crores) to Poland for modernisation of [[tank]]s and the acquisition of [[Surface-to-air missile|air defence missiles]]. The [[T-72 tank|T-72M1]] with 800 [[horsepower]] engines were upgraded with 1000 hp engines and re-equipped with modern [[Fire-control system|fire control systems]] ({{interlanguage link|DRAWA-T|pl|Drawa (uzbrojenie)}}) and [[Thermography|thermal imaging]] equipment. Both India and Poland are considering privatising their defence industries and see good prospects for mutual investments.<ref name="India, Poland deepen defence ties ">{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2004/03/20/stories/2004032004031400.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040413033915/http://www.hindu.com/2004/03/20/stories/2004032004031400.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=April 13, 2004|title=India, Poland deepen defence ties |first=Chilamkuri|last=Raja Mohan |date=Mar 20, 2004|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=2008-10-11}}</ref> [[Indian Army]] chief General [[Deepak Kapoor]] visited Warsaw in March 2008 followed by Poland's Deputy Foreign Minister [[Ryszard Schnepf]] in June the same year.<ref name="India, Poland defence ties strengthening: Raju">{{cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/News/Economy/Foreign_Trade/India_Poland_defence_ties_strengthening_Raju/articleshow/3134951.cms|title=India, Poland defence ties strengthening: Raju|date=16 Jun 2008|publisher=Economics times of India|access-date=2008-10-11}}</ref> India also acquired 625 assault [[parachute]]s from the Polish company Air-Pol with automatic devices ensuring their reliable opening, with a total value of US $1.5 million. India's growing defence buy-outs from Poland has disappointed [[Russia]] which had considered India a safe market for its military hardware.<ref name="Polish military monthly reports on Defexpo">{{cite web|url=http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/LAND-FORCES/Army/News/2002/02-Mar.html |title=Polish military monthly reports on Defexpo |date=20 March 2002 |publisher=Bharat Rakshak |access-date=2008-10-11 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071206031927/http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/LAND-FORCES/Army/News/2002/02-Mar.html |archive-date=December 6, 2007 }}</ref> Poland also delivered a batch of 80 [[WZT|WZT-3]] [[armoured recovery vehicle]]s (ARVs) to the Indian Army in 2001 at the [[Kolar Gold Fields]] facility in [[Karnataka]] and the remaining batch in 2004. The final batch of 40 WZT-3 ARVs were assembled in India from kits supplied from Poland.<ref name="Indo-Polish Military Ties On The Upswing">{{cite news|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/news/IndoPolish-Military-Ties-On-The-Upswing/83574/|title=Indo-Polish Military Ties On The Upswing|date=May 19, 2003|publisher=Financial Express|access-date=2008-10-11}}</ref>

== Resident diplomatic missions ==
* India has an embassy in [[Warsaw]].
* Poland has an embassy in [[New Delhi]] and a consulate-general in [[Mumbai]].

<gallery class="center">
File:Ambasada Indii od strony ulicy Kawalerii.jpg|Embassy of India in Warsaw
File:Polish embassy Delhi 1038.JPG|Embassy of Poland in New Delhi
</gallery>

== See also ==
* [[Hinduism in Poland]]

==External links==
*[http://www.ipcci.pl/ Indo Polish Chamber of Commerce and Industry (IPCCI)]
*[https://artsandculture.google.com/exhibit/FQKCQq9LDKemIg Passage to India]

== References ==
{{reflist|2}}

{{Foreign relations of India}}
{{Foreign relations of Poland}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:India-Poland relations}}
[[Category:India–Poland relations| ]]
[[Category:Bilateral relations of India|Poland]]
[[Category:Bilateral relations of Poland]]

India–Poland relations - Revision history

CleanupBot: /* Post Cold War */clean up

>Doremo: Polish language → Polish