RosemaryBrifman at 02:48, 10 March 2026

2026-03-10T02:48:27Z

>Place Clichy: new key for Category:Bilateral relations of India: "Kazakhstan" using HotCat

2021-06-02T12:33:46Z

new key for Category:Bilateral relations of India: "Kazakhstan" using HotCat

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{{Short description|1=Diplomatic relations between the Republic of India and the Republic of Kazakhstan}}
{{Bilateral|Indo-Kazakhstani|India|Kazakhstan|filetype=svg|mission1=Embassy of India, [[Nur-Sultan]]|mission2=Embassy of Kazakhstan, [[New Delhi]]|envoytitle1=[[List of ambassadors of India to Kazakhstan|Indian Ambassador to Kazakhstan]]|envoy1=[[Prabhat Kumar]]|envoytitle2=[[List of ambassadors of Kazakhstan to India|Kazakhstani Ambassador to India]]|envoy2=[[Bulat Sergazyuly Sarsenbayev]]}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2015}}
'''India–Kazakhstan relations''' ({{Lang-hi|भारत-कजाखस्तान संबंध}}; {{Lang-kk|Үндістан-Қазақстан қатынастары}}), also referred to as '''Indian-Kazakhstani relations''' or '''Indo-Kazakhstani relations''', are the [[Bilateralism|bilateral relations]] between '''[[India]]''' and '''[[Kazakhstan]]'''. Diplomatic relations have increased in significance in the 21st century after initially remaining passive in the 1990s. Both nations seek to develop an extensive commercial and strategic partnership in the [[Central Asia]] region.

==History==

India recognised the independence of [[Kazakhstan]] from the [[Soviet Union]] after the [[Dissolution of the Soviet Union|latter's dissolution]] in 1992, despite being one of the very closest friendly allies with the [[Soviets]] during much of the [[Cold war]].<ref name="J">{{cite journal|last=Yermukanov |first=Marat |title=Kazakhstan-India relations - Partners or Distant Friends? |url=http://www.jamestown.org/edm/article.php?article_id=2368860 |work=Eurasia Daily Monitor |publisher=[[The Jamestown Foundation]] |volume=1 |issue=128 |date=16 November 2004 |access-date=10 October 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081018193815/http://www.jamestown.org/edm/article.php?article_id=2368860 |archive-date=18 October 2008 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref> In recent years, India has sought to increase its commerce and strategic ties with Kazakhstan, which is the second largest nation of the [[Post-Soviet states|former Soviet republics]] and occupies a major expanse of territory in Central Asia with extensive oil, natural gas and mineral reserves. India has sought to expand ties after mounting concern over the growth of the economic and strategic influence of the [[People's Republic of China]].<ref name="J"/> In 2002, [[Nursultan Nazarbayev]] made an official visit to India and in the same year, the [[Indian Prime Minister]] [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]] attended the summit of the [[Conference on Interaction and Confidence-Building Measures in Asia]] in the Kazakhstan's former capital city, [[Almaty]].<ref name="J"/>

==Development of bilateral relations==
As of 2003, Indian–Kazakhstani trade stands at $78,910,000.<ref name="R">{{cite web|title=India-Kazakhstan economic and commercial relations |url=http://www.ficci.com/international/countries/Kazakhstan/kazakhstancommercialrelation.htm |publisher=[[Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry]] |access-date=10 October 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080531162157/http://www.ficci.com/international/countries/Kazakhstan/kazakhstancommercialrelation.htm |archive-date=31 May 2008 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref> To bolster commerce, both nations have established the Indo-Kazakh Joint Business Council.<ref name="INDIA">{{cite news|title=India, Kazakhstan to oil ties in IT, space|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/india-kazakhstan-to-oil-ties-in-it-space/articleshow/2142347.cms|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=10 October 2006|access-date=10 October 2008|first1=Sanjay|last1=Dutta}}</ref> Although India failed to acquire equity in the [[Kurmangazy oil field|Kurmangazy]] [[oil field]], the [[Oil and Natural Gas Corporation]] of India is set to acquire a stake in the Satpayev field.<ref name="INDIA"/> The Kazakh national firm KazmunayGaz had offered the ONGC a choice between Satpayev and Makhambet fields and has asked for Indian participation in petrochemical industrial projects in the Atirau and Akhtau regions.<ref name="INDIA"/> Both nations have also sought to establish extensive collaboration and commerce in [[information technology]], space research, banking and increasing volume of bilateral trade.<ref name="INDIA"/> India has offered Kazakhstan $1,000,000,000 in loans while the latter has granted major tax concessions to Indian companies.<ref name="INDIA"/> Kazakhstan has also sought to negotiate a multilateral agreement with [[Iran]] and [[Turkmenistan]] to create a transport corridor to India to ensure a reliable trade route and provide Kazakhstan commercial and shipping access to the warm water ports of India.<ref name="J"/>

[[India]] is working towards the development of its civilian [[Nuclear power|nuclear energy]] industry as a clean alternative to satisfy its huge energy needs. Since Kazakhstan has plenty of the [[uranium]] required for nuclear energy, India is developing a strong relationship with [[Kazakhstan]]. India invited the Kazakh President for the [[Republic Day (India)|Republic Day]] celebrations in [[New Delhi]], in January 2009.

===Trade balance===
{|class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%"
!colspan="10"| Trade value
|-
|
!2010-11
!2011-12
!2012-13
!2013-14
!2014-15
|-
|Total trade
|$130,590,000
|$436,250,000
|$426,220,000
|$917,840,000
|$952,260,000
|-
|Exports from India to Kazakhstan
|$172,160,000
|$244,390,000
|$286,230,000
|$261,510,000
|$250,590,000
|-
|Imports to India from Kazakhstan
|$138,420,000
|$191,860,000
|$139,990,000
|$656,330,000
|$701,570,000
|-
|colspan="10"| <center><small>Ministry of Commerce & Industry, India as on 08.07.2015<ref name=MCII_tables>{{cite web|title=Country Wise Trade from India|url=http://commerce.nic.in/eidb/iecnt.asp|website=Mistry of Commerce & Industry India|publisher=Mistry of Commerce & Industry India|access-date=7 July 2015}}</ref></small></center>
|-
|}

Major products exported to Kazakhstan by India include pharmaceuticals, medical products, Tea, Telephone apparatus, Raw tobacco and construction machinery. Major Exports from Kazakhstan and imported by India include: petroleum oils, oils from bituminous minerals; radioactive chemical elements; [[asbestos]] and titanium.<ref name=MEA_Kazakhstan_2014>{{cite web|title=India-Kazakhstan Relations|url=http://www.mea.gov.in/Portal/ForeignRelation/KAZAKHSTAN_DEC2014.pdf|website=Ministry of External Affairs India|publisher=Government of India|access-date=7 July 2015}}</ref>

Kazakhstan is the largest supplier of uranium to India providing 5,000 tonnes during 2015–19.<ref>{{cite web |title=‘We may scale up supply of uranium to India’: Kazakhstan ambassador Bulat Sarsenbayev |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/kazakhstan-may-scale-up-supply-of-uranium-to-india/story-cY7NEz4HU6GulmGFlmo3KO.html |website=Hindustan Times |access-date=27 April 2019 |language=en |date=25 April 2019}}</ref>

===Humanitarian Assistance===
====COVID-19====
Kazakhstan sent medical equipment and protective gear to India in response to the surging new COVID-19 cases experienced in May 2021.<ref name="aid_may2021">{{cite news |title=Kazakhstan to deliver humanitarian assistance to India |url=https://www.eureporter.co/world/kazakhstan/2021/05/07/kazakhstan-to-deliver-humanitarian-assistance-to-india/ |agency=EUReporter}}</ref>

==Strategic co-operation==
India and Kazakhstan have developed close collaboration in fighting [[Islamic terrorism|religious terrorism]] an extremism, as well as in promoting regional security.<ref name="J"/> A joint memorandum signed in December 2002 enabled joint projects such as training military officers, developing joint military-industrial projects and establishing a partnership between the defence industries of India and Kazakhstan.<ref name="J"/> India has also provided support and emerged as a partner in Kazakhstan's bid to develop a [[naval fleet]] in the [[Caspian Sea]], despite opposition from Kazakhstan's northern neighbour, [[Russia]].<ref name="J"/> The Kazakhstan President Nursultan Nazarbayev visited India in January 2009 and a civil nuclear pact were made with India under which the uranium-rich Central Asian country will supply fuel to atomic plants in India.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/India_signs_pact_with_Kazakhstan_for_uranium_supply/rssarticleshow/4025729.cms|title=India signs pact with Kazakhstan for uranium supply|work=The Times Of India|date=24 January 2009|access-date=25 January 2009}}</ref>

The two countries held the Prabal Dostyk joint military exercises in Kazakhstan in 2016 and the Himachal Pradesh region in 2017.<ref name="PrabalDostyk">{{cite news|title=Indian, Kazakhstan armies end joint military exercise in HP|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/indian-kazakhstan-armies-end-joint-military-exercise-in-hp/1188038|agency=Outlook India}}</ref>

==Kazakhstan and TAPI==
India has broached the idea of a hydrocarbon pipeline with Kazakhstan that would bring fuel through a five-nation route. India unveiled the concept of the pipeline, which in future could be extended to Russia, during a meeting between External Affairs Minister Salman Khurshid and his visiting Kazakh counterpart Erlan Idrissov. The two Ministers will revisit the idea when they will meet twice in the coming months — first on the sidelines of the Istanbul process meeting on Afghanistan in Almaty and later during a stand-alone visit by Mr. Khurshid to the Kazakh capital of Astana.

The proposed pipeline would cover about {{convert|1500|km|abbr=on}}, thus making it longer than the planned Turkmenistan-Afghanistan-Pakistan-India (TAPI) pipeline which will serve as the role model. It will head from the former Silk Road caravanserai city of Shymkent, known today for oil refining, and enter Uzbekistan. From there it will go to Afghanistan and then follow the route to be taken by the TAPI pipeline into India via Pakistan. Officials said currently most hydrocarbon pipelines from Central Asia are on an east–west axis. This pipeline will, like TAPI, be on a north–south axis, providing a new route to South Asia for hydrocarbons extracted from Central Asia.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/india-proposes-hydrocarbon-pipeline-from-kazakhstan/article4479665.ece|title=India proposes hydrocarbon pipeline from Kazakhstan|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=6 March 2012|access-date=27 March 2013}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Foreign relations of India}}
{{Foreign relations of Kazakhstan}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:India-Kazakhstan relations}}
[[Category:India–Kazakhstan relations| ]]
[[Category:Bilateral relations of Kazakhstan]]
[[Category:Bilateral relations of India|Kazakhstan]]

India–Kazakhstan relations - Revision history

RosemaryBrifman at 02:48, 10 March 2026

>Place Clichy: new key for Category:Bilateral relations of India: "Kazakhstan" using HotCat