Ikhwan (Kashmir) - Revision history

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← Older revision		Revision as of 03:12, 12 August 2022
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	==Notable members==		==Notable members==
	* [[~~L Nk~~ Nazir Ahmad Wani~~, Ashok Chakra (P), Sena Medal(Bar)~~]]<ref name=timesofIndia2019Jan>{{cite web\|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/a-terrorist-who-became-a-decorated-armyman-dies-fighting-for-nation/articleshow/66818835.cms\|title=A terrorist who became a decorated Armyman dies fighting for nation\|date=2018-11-27\|accessdate=2019-01-26}}</ref>		* [[Nazir Ahmad Wani]]<ref name=timesofIndia2019Jan>{{cite web\|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/a-terrorist-who-became-a-decorated-armyman-dies-fighting-for-nation/articleshow/66818835.cms\|title=A terrorist who became a decorated Armyman dies fighting for nation\|date=2018-11-27\|accessdate=2019-01-26}}</ref>

	== See also ==		== See also ==

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2022-06-21T04:03:41Z

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← Older revision		Revision as of 09:33, 21 June 2022
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	{{Use dmy dates\|date=April 2018}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=April 2018}}
	{{Use Indian English\|date=April 2018}}		{{Use Indian English\|date=April 2018}}
	'''Ikhwan force''', popularly referred to as the '''Ikhwan''' and locally known as ''"naabedh"'', was a pro-government ~~militant organization~~ in the Indian state of [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)\|Jammu and Kashmir]], composed of surrendered ~~[[Kashmiri people\|~~Kashmiri]] militants ~~known for their human rights violations and brutality~~.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web\|url=https://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/2003/09/14/stories/2003091406170800.htm\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040120121806/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/2003/09/14/stories/2003091406170800.htm\|url-status=dead\|archive-date=2004-01-20\|website=[[The Hindu]]\|date=2003-09-14\|title=India's forgotten army}}</ref>		'''Ikhwan force''', popularly referred to as the '''Ikhwan''' and locally known as ''"naabedh"'', was a pro-government militia in the Indian state of [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)\|Jammu and Kashmir]], composed of surrendered Kashmiri militants.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web\|url=https://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/2003/09/14/stories/2003091406170800.htm\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040120121806/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/2003/09/14/stories/2003091406170800.htm\|url-status=dead\|archive-date=2004-01-20\|website=[[The Hindu]]\|date=2003-09-14\|title=India's forgotten army}}</ref>

	==Incorporation==		==Incorporation==
			By 1994, a section of militants who felt marginalized by the ISI's favoring of the [[Hizbul Mujahideen]] over other groups sought alternate avenues. The Ikhwan-ul-Muslimeen was formed by Mohammad Yusuf Parray, better known as [[Kuka Parray]] and by early 1994, the group sided with the Indian forces to fight the militants backed by the Pakistani government. Besides Ikhwan, other groups operated by Javed Ahmad Shah (who had the backing of the state police's Special Operations Group) and Liaqat Khan (who operated in Kashmir's Anantnag district). By the end of 1994, all three groups had merged into one entity known as '''Ikhwan-ul-Muslimeen'''.<ref name=":0"/>
	By 1994, a section of militants who felt marginalized by the ISI's favoring of the ~~Islamist~~ [[Hizbul Mujahideen]] over other groups sought alternate avenues. The Ikhwan-ul-Muslimeen was formed by Mohammad Yusuf Parray, better known as [[Kuka Parray]] and by early 1994, the group sided with the Indian ~~security~~ forces to fight the ~~Islamist~~ militants backed by the Pakistani government. Besides Ikhwan, other groups operated by Javed Ahmad Shah (who had the backing of the state police's Special Operations Group) and Liaqat Khan (who operated in Kashmir's Anantnag district). By the end of 1994, all three groups had merged into one entity known as '''Ikhwan-ul-Muslimeen'''.<ref name=":0"/>

	== Activities ==		== Activities ==
	Many ~~militants~~ for the Ikhwan contested the 1996 elections. Kuka Parray founded the [[Jammu and Kashmir Awami League]] and won ~~by earning a few hundred votes~~. Javed Ahmad Shah joined the [[Jammu & Kashmir National Conference\|National Conference]].<ref name=":0" />		Many prominent fighters for the Ikhwan contested the 1996 elections. Kuka Parray founded the [[Jammu and Kashmir Awami League]] and won. Javed Ahmad Shah joined the [[Jammu & Kashmir National Conference\|National Conference]].<ref name=":0" />

	==Disbandment==		==Disbandment==

	After the 1996 assembly elections, due to ~~a change in~~ public ~~opinion~~ and several publicity campaigns by ~~civil society~~ organisations, the Ikhwan ~~were disbanded~~ by the political establishment. The official cover for the armed group was stripped soon after by the Indian government. Ikhwan is expected to have lost over 150 members. According to a 2003 report by [[The Hindu]], nearly 350 to 500 members of Ikhwan remained on active duty with the Jammu and Kashmir Police and the Indian Army and were paid a regular stipend.<ref name=":0"/>		After the 1996 assembly elections, due to the public's detestation of their ruthless tactics and several publicity campaigns by pro-secession organisations, the Ikhwan quickly found themselves ostracised by the political establishment. The official cover for the armed group was stripped soon after by the Indian government which led to a huge spike in casualties. Ikhwan is expected to have lost over 150 members. According to a 2003 report by [[The Hindu]], nearly 350 to 500 members of Ikhwan remained on active duty with the Jammu and Kashmir Police and the Indian Army and were paid a regular stipend.<ref name=":0"/>

	Kuka Parray was killed by ~~kashmiri militants~~ in 2003 while he was on his way to a ~~function~~ in Sonawari, District Bandipore.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.thehindu.com/2003/09/14/stories/2003091406190100.htm\|~~website~~=[[The Hindu~~]]\|date=2003-09-14\|title=~~Kuka Parrey shot dead~~}}{{dead link~~\|~~date~~=~~April 2021\|bot=medic}}{{cbignore\|bot=medic~~}}</ref> Javed Ahmad Shah was also killed a month earlier by ~~militants~~ at the Greenway Hotel in Srinagar.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.rediff.com/news/2003/aug/28jk1.htm\|title=Militants killed MLC: J&K DGP\|website=www.rediff.com}}</ref> Liaqat Khan ~~another notorious renegade~~ continues to live in Kashmir.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.thequint.com/kashmir-after-burhan-wani/2017/01/25/i-killed-for-india-in-kashmir-does-that-make-me-a-bad-indian-militancy-ikhwan-ul-muslimeen-pakistan-isi\|title=I Killed for India in Kashmir, Does That Make Me a Bad Indian?\|website=The Quint}}</ref>		Kuka Parray was killed by [[Kashmiris\|Kashmiri]] mujahids in 2003 while he was on his way to inaugurate a cricket match in Sonawari, District Bandipore.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.thehindu.com/2003/09/14/stories/2003091406190100.htm\|title=The Hindu : Kuka Parrey shot dead\|website=www.thehindu.com}}</ref> Javed Ahmad Shah was also killed a month earlier by [[Kashmiris\|Kashmiri]] terrorists at the Greenway Hotel in Srinagar.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.rediff.com/news/2003/aug/28jk1.htm\|title=Militants killed MLC: J&K DGP\|website=www.rediff.com}}</ref> Liaqat Khan continues to live in Kashmir.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.thequint.com/kashmir-after-burhan-wani/2017/01/25/i-killed-for-india-in-kashmir-does-that-make-me-a-bad-indian-militancy-ikhwan-ul-muslimeen-pakistan-isi\|title=I Killed for India in Kashmir, Does That Make Me a Bad Indian?\|website=The Quint}}</ref>

	==Notable members==		==Notable members==
	* [[Nazir Ahmad Wani]]<ref name=timesofIndia2019Jan>{{cite web\|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/a-terrorist-who-became-a-decorated-armyman-dies-fighting-for-nation/articleshow/66818835.cms\|title=A terrorist who became a decorated Armyman dies fighting for nation\|date=2018-11-27\|accessdate=2019-01-26}}</ref>		* [[L Nk Nazir Ahmad Wani, Ashok Chakra (P), Sena Medal(Bar)]]<ref name=timesofIndia2019Jan>{{cite web\|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/a-terrorist-who-became-a-decorated-armyman-dies-fighting-for-nation/articleshow/66818835.cms\|title=A terrorist who became a decorated Armyman dies fighting for nation\|date=2018-11-27\|accessdate=2019-01-26}}</ref>

	== See also ==		== See also ==

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2021-07-03T00:16:27Z

Activities

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:46, 3 July 2021
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	== Activities ==		== Activities ==
	Many militants for the Ikhwan contested the 1996 elections. Kuka Parray founded the [[Jammu and Kashmir Awami League]] and won by earning a few hundred votes. Javed Ahmad Shah joined the [[Jammu & Kashmir National Conference\|National Conference]].<ref name=":0" /> ~~Some of the Ikhwani renegades are in prison for their crimes against Humanity including the notorious renegade Papa Kishtawari.~~		Many militants for the Ikhwan contested the 1996 elections. Kuka Parray founded the [[Jammu and Kashmir Awami League]] and won by earning a few hundred votes. Javed Ahmad Shah joined the [[Jammu & Kashmir National Conference\|National Conference]].<ref name=":0" />

	==Disbandment==		==Disbandment==
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	[[Category:Paramilitary organisations based in India]]		[[Category:Paramilitary organisations based in India]]
	[[Category:Politics of Jammu and Kashmir]]		[[Category:Politics of Jammu and Kashmir]]
	[[Category:Indigenous ~~counter-insurgency~~ forces]]		[[Category:Indigenous counterinsurgency forces]]
	[[Category:Non-military ~~counter-insurgency~~ organizations]]		[[Category:Non-military counterinsurgency organizations]]


	{{India-mil-unit-stub}}		{{India-mil-unit-stub}}

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2021-04-20T17:40:28Z

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{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
'''Ikhwan force''', popularly referred to as the '''Ikhwan''' and locally known as ''"naabedh"'', was a pro-government militant organization in the Indian state of [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]], composed of surrendered [[Kashmiri people|Kashmiri]] militants known for their human rights violations and brutality.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/2003/09/14/stories/2003091406170800.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040120121806/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/2003/09/14/stories/2003091406170800.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2004-01-20|website=[[The Hindu]]|date=2003-09-14|title=India's forgotten army}}</ref>

==Incorporation==

By 1994, a section of militants who felt marginalized by the ISI's favoring of the Islamist [[Hizbul Mujahideen]] over other groups sought alternate avenues. The Ikhwan-ul-Muslimeen was formed by Mohammad Yusuf Parray, better known as [[Kuka Parray]] and by early 1994, the group sided with the Indian security forces to fight the Islamist militants backed by the Pakistani government. Besides Ikhwan, other groups operated by Javed Ahmad Shah (who had the backing of the state police's Special Operations Group) and Liaqat Khan (who operated in Kashmir's Anantnag district). By the end of 1994, all three groups had merged into one entity known as '''Ikhwan-ul-Muslimeen'''.<ref name=":0"/>

== Activities ==
Many militants for the Ikhwan contested the 1996 elections. Kuka Parray founded the [[Jammu and Kashmir Awami League]] and won by earning a few hundred votes. Javed Ahmad Shah joined the [[Jammu & Kashmir National Conference|National Conference]].<ref name=":0" /> Some of the Ikhwani renegades are in prison for their crimes against Humanity including the notorious renegade Papa Kishtawari.

==Disbandment==

After the 1996 assembly elections, due to a change in public opinion and several publicity campaigns by civil society organisations, the Ikhwan were disbanded by the political establishment. The official cover for the armed group was stripped soon after by the Indian government. Ikhwan is expected to have lost over 150 members. According to a 2003 report by [[The Hindu]], nearly 350 to 500 members of Ikhwan remained on active duty with the Jammu and Kashmir Police and the Indian Army and were paid a regular stipend.<ref name=":0"/>

Kuka Parray was killed by kashmiri militants in 2003 while he was on his way to a function in Sonawari, District Bandipore.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/2003/09/14/stories/2003091406190100.htm|website=[[The Hindu]]|date=2003-09-14|title=Kuka Parrey shot dead}}{{dead link|date=April 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> Javed Ahmad Shah was also killed a month earlier by militants at the Greenway Hotel in Srinagar.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/news/2003/aug/28jk1.htm|title=Militants killed MLC: J&K DGP|website=www.rediff.com}}</ref> Liaqat Khan another notorious renegade continues to live in Kashmir.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thequint.com/kashmir-after-burhan-wani/2017/01/25/i-killed-for-india-in-kashmir-does-that-make-me-a-bad-indian-militancy-ikhwan-ul-muslimeen-pakistan-isi|title=I Killed for India in Kashmir, Does That Make Me a Bad Indian?|website=The Quint}}</ref>

==Notable members==
* [[Nazir Ahmad Wani]]<ref name=timesofIndia2019Jan>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/a-terrorist-who-became-a-decorated-armyman-dies-fighting-for-nation/articleshow/66818835.cms|title=A terrorist who became a decorated Armyman dies fighting for nation|date=2018-11-27|accessdate=2019-01-26}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Partition of India]]
* [[All Parties Hurriyat Conference]]
* [[Pakistan and state terrorism]]
* [[Timeline of the Kashmir conflict]]
* [[History of Jammu and Kashmir]]
* [[Kashmir Conflict]]
* [[Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Paramilitary organisations based in India]]
[[Category:Politics of Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Indigenous counter-insurgency forces]]
[[Category:Non-military counter-insurgency organizations]]

{{India-mil-unit-stub}}