Ibrahim Quli Qutb Shah Wali - Revision history

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	[[File:IbrahimMosque.jpg\|thumbnail\|right\|260px\|Mosque attributed to Ibrahim Quli Qutb Shah in [[Golconda Fort]]]]		[[File:IbrahimMosque.jpg\|thumbnail\|right\|260px\|Mosque attributed to Ibrahim Quli Qutb Shah in [[Golconda Fort]]]]

	'''Ibrahim Qutb Shah Wali''' (1518 – 5 June 1580), also known by his Telugu names '''Malki BhaRama''' and '''Ibharama Cakravarti''',<ref name=":0">{{Cite book\|last=Eaton\|first=Richard M.\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cGd2huLXEVYC~~&newbks=0&hl=en~~\|title=A Social History of the Deccan, 1300-1761: Eight Indian Lives~~\|last2=\|first2=~~\|date=2005-11-17\|publisher=Cambridge University Press\|isbn=978-0-521-25484-7\|pages=~~142-143~~\|language=en}}</ref> was the fourth ruler of the kingdom of [[Golconda]] in southern [[India]]. He was the first of the [[Qutb Shahi dynasty]] to use the title "''Sultan''".<ref name="Khan2">Masʻūd Ḥusain K̲h̲ān̲, ''Mohammad Quli Qutb Shah'', Volume 216, (Sahitya Akademi, 1996), 2.</ref> He ruled from 1550 to 1580.<ref name="sen2">{{Cite book \|last=Sen \|first=Sailendra \|title=A Textbook of Medieval Indian History \|publisher=Primus Books \|year=2013 \|isbn=978-93-80607-34-4 \|pages=118}}</ref> He lived for seven years in exile at the court of [[Vijayanagara]] as an honoured guest of [[Aliya Rama Raya\|Rama Raya]]. Ibrahim is known for patronizing Telugu extensively because he was moved by a genuine love for the language.<ref name=":0" />		'''Ibrahim Qutb Shah Wali''' (1518 – 5 June 1580), also known by his Telugu names '''Malki BhaRama''' and '''Ibharama Cakravarti''',<ref name=":0">{{Cite book\|last=Eaton\|first=Richard M.\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cGd2huLXEVYC\|title=A Social History of the Deccan, 1300-1761: Eight Indian Lives\|date=2005-11-17\|publisher=Cambridge University Press\|isbn=978-0-521-25484-7\|pages=142–143\|language=en}}</ref> was the fourth ruler of the kingdom of [[Golconda]] in southern [[India]]. He was the first of the [[Qutb Shahi dynasty]] to use the title "''Sultan''".<ref name="Khan2">Masʻūd Ḥusain K̲h̲ān̲, ''Mohammad Quli Qutb Shah'', Volume 216, (Sahitya Akademi, 1996), 2.</ref> He ruled from 1550 to 1580.<ref name="sen2">{{Cite book \|last=Sen \|first=Sailendra \|title=A Textbook of Medieval Indian History \|publisher=Primus Books \|year=2013 \|isbn=978-93-80607-34-4 \|pages=118}}</ref> He lived for seven years in exile at the court of [[Vijayanagara]] as an honoured guest of [[Aliya Rama Raya\|Rama Raya]]. Ibrahim is known for patronizing Telugu extensively because he was moved by a genuine love for the language.<ref name=":0" />

	==Biography==		==Biography==
	Ibrahim was born the son of [[Quli Qutb Mulk]], founder of the Qutb Shahi dynasty of [[Golconda]]. His father, an ethnic [[Turkmens\|Turkmen]], had emigrated to [[India]] with his family as a young man and taken employment in the court of the [[Bahmani Sultanate]] in the [[Deccan]]. He had risen steadily in the army and, when the Bahamani sultanate had splintered and collapsed, he had carved out a sizable principality for himself by force of army. Ibrahim was one of his younger sons.		Ibrahim was born the son of [[Quli Qutb Mulk]], founder of the Qutb Shahi dynasty of [[Golconda]]. His father, an ethnic [[Turkmens\|Turkmen]], had emigrated to [[India]] with his family as a young man and taken employment in the court of the [[Bahmani Sultanate]] in the [[Deccan]]. He had risen steadily in the army and, when the Bahamani sultanate had splintered and collapsed, he had carved out a sizable principality for himself by force of army. Ibrahim was one of his younger sons.
			In 1543, after achieving so much and living such an extraordinary life, [[Quli Qutb Mulk]] was killed by his own younger son, [[Jamsheed Quli Qutb Shah\|Jamsheed]], while he was offering his prayers one day. The assassin, who was Ibrahim's brother, made every effort to capture or kill or mutilate all his brothers. He managed to capture and blind his eldest brother, crown prince Qutbuddin, but Ibrahim somehow managed to escape. He fled Golconda and took refuge in the court of the powerful Hindu ruler of [[Vijayanagara]]. Here he lived in [[exile]] as an honored guest of the powerful [[patriarch]] of [[Vijayanagara]], [[Aliya Rama Raya]]. He lived at the Vijayanagara court for seven years (1543–50). When [[Jamsheed Qutub Shah\|Jamsheed]] died due to [[Cancer]] on 12 January 1550, there was internal chaos within the kingdom. His son Subhan who was only an infant,was placed on the throne by Mustapha Khan.Jagadev Rao,Chief of the Naikwari tried to place [[Jamsheed Qutub Shah\|Jamsheed's]] brother Daulat Quli, who instead wanted Ibrahim to be the king,on the throne and this lead to his imprisonment in Bala Hisar,The Highest point of the [[Golkonda]] fort. Some discontented elements within the kingdom summoned Ibrahim to end his exile and claim the throne for himself.<ref>{{Citation\|work=Mohammad Qutub Quli Shah,Founder of Hyderabad\|editor-last1=Sherwani\|editor-first1=Haroon Khan\|year=1967\|publisher=Asian Publishing House\|page=8\|url=https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.46692/page/n24/mode/1up\|title=Ibrahim Qutub Shah}}</ref>

	~~In 1543~~, ~~after achieving so much~~ and ~~living such an extraordinary life~~, [[~~Quli Qutb Mulk~~]] ~~was killed by his own younger son~~, [[~~Jamsheed Quli Qutb Shah\|Jamsheed~~]]~~, while he was offering~~ his ~~prayers one day~~. ~~The assassin~~, ~~who was Ibrahim~~'~~s brother~~, ~~made every effort to capture or kill or mutilate all his brothers~~. ~~He managed~~ to ~~capture and blind~~ his ~~eldest brother~~, ~~crown prince Qutbuddin, but Ibrahim somehow managed to escape~~. He ~~fled Golconda~~ and ~~took refuge in the~~ court of the ~~powerful Hindu ruler of~~ [[~~Vijayanagara~~]]. ~~Here he lived~~ in ~~[[exile]] as an honored guest of~~ the ~~powerful~~ [[~~patriarch~~]] of [[~~Vijayanagara~~]], [[~~Aliya Rama Raya~~]]. ~~He lived at the Vijayanagara court for seven years (1543–50)~~.		During his sojourn in Vijayanagara, Ibrahim developed very close and loving ties with the imperial family and among the nobility, and also became deeply influenced by Hindu, Telugu culture. He adopted Hindu/Telugu ways of dress, food, etiquette, and above all, speech. He developed a strong love for the [[Telugu language]], which he [[patron]]ized and encouraged throughout his [[reign]].<ref name="Chandra189">Satish Chandra, ''Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals'', Part II, (Har-Anand, 2009), 189.</ref> Indeed, he even went so far as to adopt a new name for himself, "Malki BhaRama," which is his own name spoken with a strong, rustic [[Telugu people\|Telugu]] accent. He used this name for himself in various official letters and documents and it therefore gained official recognition.<ref name="Khan2" /> According to a court poet, Ibrahim would sit, "floating on waves of bliss," while listening to the [[Mahabharata]] being recited in Telugu rather than Sanskrit.<ref name=":0" /> It is said that the court of Ibrahim Qutb Shah had many scholars learned in the [[Vedas]], [[Shastra\|Sastras]] and [[Puranas]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jYn9mFuLZRMC\|title=Itihas\|date=2012\|publisher=Director of State Archives, Government of Andhra Pradesh.\|pages=4\|language=en}}</ref>

	During his sojourn in Vijayanagara, Ibrahim developed very close and loving ties with the imperial family and among the nobility, and also became deeply influenced by Hindu, Telugu culture. He adopted Hindu/Telugu ways of dress, food, etiquette, and above all, speech. He developed a strong love for the [[~~Telugu language~~]]~~, which he [[patron]]ized and encouraged throughout~~ his [[reign]].~~<ref name="Chandra189">Satish Chandra~~, ~~''Medieval India: From Sultanat~~ to the ~~Mughals'', Part II, (Har-Anand, 2009), 189.</ref> Indeed, he even went so far as to adopt a new name for himself, "Malki BhaRama," which is his own name spoken with a strong, rustic~~ [[~~Telugu people\|Telugu~~]] ~~accent. He used this name for himself in various official letters and documents and it therefore gained official recognition~~.~~<ref name="Khan2" />~~ According to ~~a court poet~~, Ibrahim would ~~sit, "floating on waves~~ of ~~bliss," while listening to the [[Mahabharata]]~~ being ~~recited in Telugu rather than Sanskrit.<ref name=":0" /> It is said that~~ the ~~court~~ of ~~Ibrahim Qutb Shah had many scholars learned in the [[Vedas]],~~ [[~~Shastra~~\|~~Sastras~~]] ~~and~~ [[~~Puranas~~]].<ref ~~name=":1"~~>{{~~Cite book~~\|url=https://~~books~~.~~google.com~~/~~books?id=jYn9mFuLZRMC&newbks=0&hl=en~~\|title=~~Itihas~~\|~~date~~=~~2012~~\|~~publisher~~=~~Director~~ of ~~State Archives, Government~~ of ~~Andhra Pradesh~~.\|pages=4\|~~language~~=en}}</ref>		Such favourable attitudes to [[Hindus]] had an effect. Ibrahim during his early reign got the support from Telugu noblemen. In 1550 when Ibrahim was returning to Golconda, two envoys were sent to the sultan from the fort of [[Koilkonda]] pledging allegiance to him. According to the long inscription at the fort, the Hindus pledged allegiance to him and anyone who 'dealt with any other person other than Ibrahim' would be considered of being of low birth and would incur the sin of having killed cows and [[Brahmins\|Brāhmaṇas]] at [[Varanasi]]<ref>{{Citation\|work=Mughal Administration in Golconda\|editor-last1=Richards\|editor-first1=John F\|year=1975\|pages=11–12\|url= https://archive.org/details/mughaladministra0000rich/page/11/mode/1up\|title=Ibrahim Qutub Shah\| publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref><ref>{{Citation\|work=Annual report of the archeological department of the Nizam's dominions\|year=1928–1929\|url= https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.22703/page/n25/mode/1up\|pages=21–24\|title=Koilkonda Inscription}}</ref>

	In Vijayanagara, Ibrahim married Bagiradhi (correctly: "Bhagirathi"), a Hindu woman, according to Hindu rites and customs. Bagiradhi was also known as "Kaavya kanyaka" and she came from a family with a ~~rich~~ legacy in music and dance~~, which are again~~ rooted in Hindu, south Indian traditions. The son born to Ibrahim and Bhagirathi, ~~namely~~ [[Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah]], would succeed his father to become the 5th ruler of the dynasty.		In Vijayanagara, Ibrahim married Bagiradhi (correctly: "Bhagirathi"), a Hindu woman, according to Hindu rites and customs. Bagiradhi was also known as "Kaavya kanyaka" and she came from a family with a legacy in music and dance rooted in Hindu, south Indian traditions. The son born to Ibrahim and Bhagirathi, [[Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah]], would succeed his father to become the 5th ruler of the dynasty.

	~~In time, Jamsheed Quli died, and a little later, Jamsheed's infant son [[Subhan Quli Qutb Shah\|Subhan]] also died. Ibrahim then returned to [[Golconda]] and took the throne in 1550. Here again,~~ Ibrahim employed Hindus for administrative, diplomatic and military purposes within his sultanate.<ref name="Chandra189" /> A patron of the arts and of Telugu literature, Ibrahim sponsored many court poets, such as Singanacharyudu, Addanki Gangadharudu, Ponnanganti Telenganaraya and Kandukuru Rudrakavi.<ref name=":1" /> There were Telugu poets, in a break from tradition. He also patronized [[Arab]]ic and [[Persian language\|Persian]] poets in his court. He is also known in Telugu literature as Malki Bharama (his adopted Hindu name).<ref name="Khan2" /> Ibrahim ~~took a keen interest in the welfare of his people. He~~ repaired and fortified [[Golconda]] [[Fort]] and developed the [[Hussain Sagar]] lake and Ibrahim Bagh. He is described in one of the inscriptions on the "Makki Darwaza" in the fort as "The Greatest of Sovereigns".		Ibrahim employed Hindus for administrative, diplomatic and military purposes within his sultanate.<ref name="Chandra189" /> A patron of the arts and of Telugu literature, Ibrahim sponsored many court poets, such as Singanacharyudu, Addanki Gangadharudu, Ponnanganti Telenganaraya and Kandukuru Rudrakavi.<ref name=":1" /> There were Telugu poets, in a break from tradition. He also patronized [[Arab]]ic and [[Persian language\|Persian]] poets in his court. He is also known in Telugu literature as Malki Bharama (his adopted Hindu name).<ref name="Khan2" /> Ibrahim repaired and fortified [[Golconda]] [[Fort]] and developed the [[Hussain Sagar]] lake and Ibrahim Bagh. He is described in one of the inscriptions on the "Makki Darwaza" in the fort as "The Greatest of Sovereigns".

	In 1565, Ibrahim took the advantage of internal conflicts in [[Vijayanagara]], which had given him shelter in exile during 1543–1550. He became part of a cabal of Muslim rulers of small states which banded together to destroy the powerful Hindu kingdom of Vijayanagara. He thus personally betrayed [[Aliya Rama Raya]] of [[Vijayanagara]], who had given him shelter during his exile in 1543 to 1550. In the [[Battle of Talikota]] which ensued, Aliya Rama Raya was killed and the city where Ibrahim had spent seven happy and safe years was razed to the ground; the remnants of its former glory can be seen in the lfixl of [[Hampi]] today. Following the [[battle of Talikota]] in 1565, Ibrahim was able to expand his own kingdom by taking the important hill forts of [[Adoni]] and [[Udayagiri Fort\|Udayagiri]], which commanded an extensive territory and which had been prized possessions of his former host.<ref>Salma Ahmed Farooqui, ''A Comprehensive History of Medieval India: From Twelfth to the Mid-Eighteenth Century'', (Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd, 2011), 178.</ref>		In 1565, Ibrahim took the advantage of internal conflicts in [[Vijayanagara]], which had given him shelter in exile during 1543–1550. He became part of a cabal of Muslim rulers of small states which banded together to destroy the powerful Hindu kingdom of Vijayanagara. He thus personally betrayed [[Aliya Rama Raya]] of [[Vijayanagara]], who had given him shelter during his exile in 1543 to 1550. In the [[Battle of Talikota]] which ensued, Aliya Rama Raya was killed and the city where Ibrahim had spent seven happy and safe years was razed to the ground; the remnants of its former glory can be seen in the lfixl of [[Hampi]] today. Following the [[battle of Talikota]] in 1565, Ibrahim was able to expand his own kingdom by taking the important hill forts of [[Adoni]] and [[Udayagiri Fort\|Udayagiri]], which commanded an extensive territory and which had been prized possessions of his former host.<ref>Salma Ahmed Farooqui, ''A Comprehensive History of Medieval India: From Twelfth to the Mid-Eighteenth Century'', (Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd, 2011), 178.</ref>

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{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox Monarch
| name = Ibrahim Quli Qutb Shah Wali
| title = Fourth [[Sultan]] of [[Qutb Shahi dynasty]]
| image =
| reign = 1550–1580
| coronation = 1550
| predecessor = [[Subhan Quli Qutb Shah]]
| successor = [[Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah]]
| spouse = {{unbulleted list
| Bhagirathi
| Bibi Jamil
}}
| issue = {{unbulleted list
| [[Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah]]
| Mirza Muhammad Amin
| Chand Sultana
}}
| royal house = [[Qutb Shahi dynasty]]
| father = [[Quli Qutb Mulk]]
| mother =
| birth_date = 1518
| birth_place =
| death_date = {{death date and age|1580|6|5|1518|df=yes}}
| death_place =
| place of burial=
|}}
[[File:Tomb of Ibrahim Quli Qutb Shah.jpg|thumbnail|right|260px|Tomb of Ibrahim Quli Qutub Shah]]
[[File:Qutub Shahi Tombs 61.JPG|thumbnail|right|260px|Inside Sultan Ibrahim Qutub Shah's tomb]]
[[File:IbrahimMosque.jpg|thumbnail|right|260px|Mosque attributed to Ibrahim Quli Qutb Shah in [[Golconda Fort]]]]

'''Ibrahim Qutb Shah Wali''' (1518 – 5 June 1580), also known by his Telugu names '''Malki BhaRama''' and '''Ibharama Cakravarti''',<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Eaton|first=Richard M.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cGd2huLXEVYC&newbks=0&hl=en|title=A Social History of the Deccan, 1300-1761: Eight Indian Lives|last2=|first2=|date=2005-11-17|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-25484-7|pages=142-143|language=en}}</ref> was the fourth ruler of the kingdom of [[Golconda]] in southern [[India]]. He was the first of the [[Qutb Shahi dynasty]] to use the title "''Sultan''".<ref name="Khan2">Masʻūd Ḥusain K̲h̲ān̲, ''Mohammad Quli Qutb Shah'', Volume 216, (Sahitya Akademi, 1996), 2.</ref> He ruled from 1550 to 1580.<ref name="sen2">{{Cite book |last=Sen |first=Sailendra |title=A Textbook of Medieval Indian History |publisher=Primus Books |year=2013 |isbn=978-93-80607-34-4 |pages=118}}</ref> He lived for seven years in exile at the court of [[Vijayanagara]] as an honoured guest of [[Aliya Rama Raya|Rama Raya]]. Ibrahim is known for patronizing Telugu extensively because he was moved by a genuine love for the language.<ref name=":0" />

==Biography==
Ibrahim was born the son of [[Quli Qutb Mulk]], founder of the Qutb Shahi dynasty of [[Golconda]]. His father, an ethnic [[Turkmens|Turkmen]], had emigrated to [[India]] with his family as a young man and taken employment in the court of the [[Bahmani Sultanate]] in the [[Deccan]]. He had risen steadily in the army and, when the Bahamani sultanate had splintered and collapsed, he had carved out a sizable principality for himself by force of army. Ibrahim was one of his younger sons.

In 1543, after achieving so much and living such an extraordinary life, [[Quli Qutb Mulk]] was killed by his own younger son, [[Jamsheed Quli Qutb Shah|Jamsheed]], while he was offering his prayers one day. The assassin, who was Ibrahim's brother, made every effort to capture or kill or mutilate all his brothers. He managed to capture and blind his eldest brother, crown prince Qutbuddin, but Ibrahim somehow managed to escape. He fled Golconda and took refuge in the court of the powerful Hindu ruler of [[Vijayanagara]]. Here he lived in [[exile]] as an honored guest of the powerful [[patriarch]] of [[Vijayanagara]], [[Aliya Rama Raya]]. He lived at the Vijayanagara court for seven years (1543–50).

During his sojourn in Vijayanagara, Ibrahim developed very close and loving ties with the imperial family and among the nobility, and also became deeply influenced by Hindu, Telugu culture. He adopted Hindu/Telugu ways of dress, food, etiquette, and above all, speech. He developed a strong love for the [[Telugu language]], which he [[patron]]ized and encouraged throughout his [[reign]].<ref name="Chandra189">Satish Chandra, ''Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals'', Part II, (Har-Anand, 2009), 189.</ref> Indeed, he even went so far as to adopt a new name for himself, "Malki BhaRama," which is his own name spoken with a strong, rustic [[Telugu people|Telugu]] accent. He used this name for himself in various official letters and documents and it therefore gained official recognition.<ref name="Khan2" /> According to a court poet, Ibrahim would sit, "floating on waves of bliss," while listening to the [[Mahabharata]] being recited in Telugu rather than Sanskrit.<ref name=":0" /> It is said that the court of Ibrahim Qutb Shah had many scholars learned in the [[Vedas]], [[Shastra|Sastras]] and [[Puranas]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jYn9mFuLZRMC&newbks=0&hl=en|title=Itihas|date=2012|publisher=Director of State Archives, Government of Andhra Pradesh.|pages=4|language=en}}</ref>

In Vijayanagara, Ibrahim married Bagiradhi (correctly: "Bhagirathi"), a Hindu woman, according to Hindu rites and customs. Bagiradhi was also known as "Kaavya kanyaka" and she came from a family with a rich legacy in music and dance, which are again rooted in Hindu, south Indian traditions. The son born to Ibrahim and Bhagirathi, namely [[Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah]], would succeed his father to become the 5th ruler of the dynasty.

In time, Jamsheed Quli died, and a little later, Jamsheed's infant son [[Subhan Quli Qutb Shah|Subhan]] also died. Ibrahim then returned to [[Golconda]] and took the throne in 1550. Here again, Ibrahim employed Hindus for administrative, diplomatic and military purposes within his sultanate.<ref name="Chandra189" /> A patron of the arts and of Telugu literature, Ibrahim sponsored many court poets, such as Singanacharyudu, Addanki Gangadharudu, Ponnanganti Telenganaraya and Kandukuru Rudrakavi.<ref name=":1" /> There were Telugu poets, in a break from tradition. He also patronized [[Arab]]ic and [[Persian language|Persian]] poets in his court. He is also known in Telugu literature as Malki Bharama (his adopted Hindu name).<ref name="Khan2" /> Ibrahim took a keen interest in the welfare of his people. He repaired and fortified [[Golconda]] [[Fort]] and developed the [[Hussain Sagar]] lake and Ibrahim Bagh. He is described in one of the inscriptions on the "Makki Darwaza" in the fort as "The Greatest of Sovereigns".

In 1565, Ibrahim took the advantage of internal conflicts in [[Vijayanagara]], which had given him shelter in exile during 1543–1550. He became part of a cabal of Muslim rulers of small states which banded together to destroy the powerful Hindu kingdom of Vijayanagara. He thus personally betrayed [[Aliya Rama Raya]] of [[Vijayanagara]], who had given him shelter during his exile in 1543 to 1550. In the [[Battle of Talikota]] which ensued, Aliya Rama Raya was killed and the city where Ibrahim had spent seven happy and safe years was razed to the ground; the remnants of its former glory can be seen in the lfixl of [[Hampi]] today. Following the [[battle of Talikota]] in 1565, Ibrahim was able to expand his own kingdom by taking the important hill forts of [[Adoni]] and [[Udayagiri Fort|Udayagiri]], which commanded an extensive territory and which had been prized possessions of his former host.<ref>Salma Ahmed Farooqui, ''A Comprehensive History of Medieval India: From Twelfth to the Mid-Eighteenth Century'', (Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd, 2011), 178.</ref>

==Death==
After a short illness, Ibrahim died in 1580. He was succeeded by his son, [[Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah]], who was born of his Hindu wife Bhagirathi.

==Family==
===Wives===
*Bhagirathi of [[Vijayanagar Empire|Vijayanagar]]<ref name="NigamBhatnagar1997">{{cite book|last1=Nigam|first1=Mohan Lal|last2=Bhatnagar|first2=Anupama|title=Romance of Hyderabad Culture|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TS1uAAAAMAAJ|year=1997|publisher=Deva Publications|page=6}}</ref>
*Bibi Jamil; daughter of Sultan [[Hussain Nizam Shah I]] of [[Ahmadnagar Sultanate|Ahmadnagar]]<ref>{{cite book|last=Haig|first=Thomas Wolseley|authorlink=Wolseley Haig|title=History of the Nizam Shahi kings of Ahmadnagar|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xwBCAQAAMAAJ|series=Indian Antiquary|year=1921|publisher=Popular Prakashan|page=195}}</ref>

===Issue===
*[[Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah]]<ref name="Rizvi1986">{{cite book|last=Rizvi|first=Saiyid Athar Abbas|title=A Socio-intellectual History of the Isnā ʼAsharī Shīʼīs in India: 7th to 16th century A.D., with an analysis of early Shīʼism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F54OAAAAIAAJ|year=1986|publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers|page=280}}</ref>
*Mirza Muhammad Amin (d. 1596);<ref name="MichellZebrowski1999">{{cite book|last1=Michell|first1=George|last2=Zebrowski|first2=Mark|title=Architecture and Art of the Deccan Sultanates|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aHcfv6zkJgQC&pg=PA123|year=1999|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-56321-5|page=123}}</ref> father of [[Sultan Muhammad Qutb Shah|Muhammad Qutb Shah]]<ref name="Bilgrami1992">{{cite book|last=Bilgrami|first=Syed Ali Asgar|title=Landmarks of the Deccan: A Comprehensive Guide to the Archaeological Remains of the City and Suburbs of Hyderabad|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wgo97XF0XuYC&pg=PA9|year=1992|publisher=Asian Educational Services|isbn=978-81-206-0543-5|page=9}}</ref>
*Chand Sultan; married Sultan [[Ibrahim Adil Shah II]] of [[Bijapur district, Karnataka|Bijapur]]<ref name="Rizvi1986"/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* http://www.ioc.u-tokyo.ac.jp/~islamarc/WebPage1/htm_eng/golconda-eng.htm
{{s-start}}
|-
| width="30%" align="center" | Preceded by:<br />'''[[Subhan Quli Qutb Shah]]'''
| width="40%" align="center" | '''[[Qutb Shahi dynasty]]'''<br />1550–1580
| width="30%" align="center" | Succeeded by:<br />'''[[Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah]]'''
|-
{{s-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Quli Qutb Shah Wali, Ibrahim}}
[[Category:1518 births]]
[[Category:1580 deaths]]
[[Category:Kings of Golconda]]
[[Category:Telugu people]]
[[Category:Qutb Shahi dynasty]]
[[Category:Indian rulers]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:14, 15 April 2022
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	[[File:IbrahimMosque.jpg\|thumbnail\|right\|260px\|Mosque attributed to Ibrahim Quli Qutb Shah in [[Golconda Fort]]]]		[[File:IbrahimMosque.jpg\|thumbnail\|right\|260px\|Mosque attributed to Ibrahim Quli Qutb Shah in [[Golconda Fort]]]]

	'''Ibrahim Qutb Shah Wali''' (1518 – 5 June 1580), also known by his Telugu names '''Malki BhaRama''' and '''Ibharama Cakravarti''',<ref name=":0">{{Cite book\|last=Eaton\|first=Richard M.\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cGd2huLXEVYC\|title=A Social History of the Deccan, 1300-1761: Eight Indian Lives\|date=2005-11-17\|publisher=Cambridge University Press\|isbn=978-0-521-25484-7\|pages=142–143\|language=en}}</ref> was the fourth ruler of the kingdom of [[Golconda]] in southern [[India]]. He was the first of the [[Qutb Shahi dynasty]] to use the title "''Sultan''".<ref name="Khan2">Masʻūd Ḥusain K̲h̲ān̲, ''Mohammad Quli Qutb Shah'', Volume 216, (Sahitya Akademi, 1996), 2.</ref> He ruled from 1550 to 1580.<ref name="sen2">{{Cite book \|last=Sen \|first=Sailendra \|title=A Textbook of Medieval Indian History \|publisher=Primus Books \|year=2013 \|isbn=978-93-80607-34-4 \|pages=118}}</ref> He lived for seven years in exile at the court of [[Vijayanagara]] as an honoured guest of [[Aliya Rama Raya\|Rama Raya]]. Ibrahim is known for patronizing Telugu extensively because he was moved by a genuine love for the language.<ref name=":0" />		'''Ibrahim Qutb Shah Wali''' (1518 – 5 June 1580), also known by his Telugu names '''Malki BhaRama''' and '''Ibharama Cakravarti''',<ref name=":0">{{Cite book\|last=Eaton\|first=Richard M.\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cGd2huLXEVYC\|title=A Social History of the Deccan, 1300-1761: Eight Indian Lives\|date=2005-11-17\|publisher=Cambridge University Press\|isbn=978-0-521-25484-7\|pages=142–143\|language=en}}</ref> was the fourth ruler of the kingdom of [[Golconda]] in southern [[India]]. He was the first of the [[Qutb Shahi dynasty]] to use the title "''Sultan''".<ref name="Khan2">Masʻūd Ḥusain K̲h̲ān̲, ''Mohammad Quli Qutb Shah'', Volume 216, (Sahitya Akademi, 1996), 2.</ref> He ruled from 1550 to 1580.<ref name="sen2">{{Cite book \|last=Sen \|first=Sailendra \|title=A Textbook of Medieval Indian History \|publisher=Primus Books \|year=2013 \|isbn=978-93-80607-34-4 \|pages=118}}</ref> He lived for seven years in exile at the court of [[Vijayanagara]] as an honoured guest of [[Aliya Rama Raya\|Rama Raya]]. Ibrahim is known for patronizing Telugu extensively because he was moved by a genuine love for the language.<ref name=":0" />

	==Biography==		==Biography==
	Ibrahim was born the son of [[Quli Qutb Mulk]], founder of the Qutb Shahi dynasty of [[Golconda]]. His father, an ethnic [[Turkmens\|Turkmen]], had emigrated to [[India]] with his family as a young man and taken employment in the court of the [[Bahmani Sultanate]] in the [[Deccan]]. He had risen steadily in the army and, when the Bahamani sultanate had splintered and collapsed, he had carved out a sizable principality for himself by force of army. Ibrahim was one of his younger sons.		Ibrahim was born the son of [[Quli Qutb Mulk]], founder of the Qutb Shahi dynasty of [[Golconda]]. His father, an ethnic [[Turkmens\|Turkmen]], had emigrated to [[India]] with his family as a young man and taken employment in the court of the [[Bahmani Sultanate]] in the [[Deccan]]. He had risen steadily in the army and, when the Bahamani sultanate had splintered and collapsed, he had carved out a sizable principality for himself by force of army. Ibrahim was one of his younger sons.
	In 1543, after achieving so much and living such an extraordinary life, [[Quli Qutb Mulk]] was killed by his own younger son, [[Jamsheed Quli Qutb Shah\|Jamsheed]], while he was offering his prayers one day. The assassin, who was Ibrahim's brother, made every effort to capture or kill or mutilate all his brothers. He managed to capture and blind his eldest brother, crown prince Qutbuddin, but Ibrahim somehow managed to escape. He fled Golconda and took refuge in the court of the powerful Hindu ruler of [[Vijayanagara]]. Here he lived in [[exile]] as an honored guest of the powerful [[patriarch]] of [[Vijayanagara]], [[Aliya Rama Raya]]. He lived at the Vijayanagara court for seven years (1543–50). When [[Jamsheed Qutub Shah\|Jamsheed]] died due to [[Cancer]] on 12 January 1550, there was internal chaos within the kingdom. His son Subhan who was only an infant,was placed on the throne by Mustapha Khan.Jagadev Rao,Chief of the Naikwari tried to place [[Jamsheed Qutub Shah\|Jamsheed's]] brother Daulat Quli, who instead wanted Ibrahim to be the king,on the throne and this ~~lead~~ to his imprisonment in Bala Hisar,The Highest point of the [[Golkonda]] fort. Some discontented elements within the kingdom summoned Ibrahim to end his exile and claim the throne for himself.<ref>{{Citation\|work=Mohammad Qutub Quli Shah,Founder of Hyderabad\|editor-last1=Sherwani\|editor-first1=Haroon Khan\|year=1967\|publisher=Asian Publishing House\|page=8\|url=https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.46692/page/n24/mode/1up\|title=Ibrahim Qutub Shah}}</ref>		In 1543, after achieving so much and living such an extraordinary life, [[Quli Qutb Mulk]] was killed by his own younger son, [[Jamsheed Quli Qutb Shah\|Jamsheed]], while he was offering his prayers one day. The assassin, who was Ibrahim's brother, made every effort to capture or kill or mutilate all his brothers. He managed to capture and blind his eldest brother, crown prince Qutbuddin, but Ibrahim somehow managed to escape. He fled Golconda and took refuge in the court of the powerful Hindu ruler of [[Vijayanagara]]. Here he lived in [[exile]] as an honored guest of the powerful [[patriarch]] of [[Vijayanagara]], [[Aliya Rama Raya]]. He lived at the Vijayanagara court for seven years (1543–50). When [[Jamsheed Qutub Shah\|Jamsheed]] died due to [[Cancer]] on 12 January 1550, there was internal chaos within the kingdom. His son Subhan who was only an infant,was placed on the throne by Mustapha Khan.Jagadev Rao,Chief of the Naikwari tried to place [[Jamsheed Qutub Shah\|Jamsheed's]] brother Daulat Quli, who instead wanted Ibrahim to be the king, on the throne and this led to his imprisonment in Bala Hisar,The Highest point of the [[Golkonda]] fort. Some discontented elements within the kingdom summoned Ibrahim to end his exile and claim the throne for himself.<ref>{{Citation\|work=Mohammad Qutub Quli Shah,Founder of Hyderabad\|editor-last1=Sherwani\|editor-first1=Haroon Khan\|year=1967\|publisher=Asian Publishing House\|page=8\|url=https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.46692/page/n24/mode/1up\|title=Ibrahim Qutub Shah}}</ref>

	During his sojourn in Vijayanagara, Ibrahim developed very close and loving ties with the imperial family and among the nobility, and also became deeply influenced by Hindu, Telugu culture. He adopted Hindu/Telugu ways of dress, food, etiquette, and above all, speech. He developed a strong love for the [[Telugu language]], which he [[patron]]ized and encouraged throughout his [[reign]].<ref name="Chandra189">Satish Chandra, ''Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals'', Part II, (Har-Anand, 2009), 189.</ref> Indeed, he even went so far as to adopt a new name for himself, "Malki BhaRama," which is his own name spoken with a strong, rustic [[Telugu people\|Telugu]] accent. He used this name for himself in various official letters and documents and it therefore gained official recognition.<ref name="Khan2" /> According to a court poet, Ibrahim would sit, "floating on waves of bliss," while listening to the [[Mahabharata]] being recited in Telugu rather than Sanskrit.<ref name=":0" /> It is said that the court of Ibrahim Qutb Shah had many scholars learned in the [[Vedas]], [[Shastra\|Sastras]] and [[Puranas]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jYn9mFuLZRMC\|title=Itihas\|date=2012\|publisher=Director of State Archives, Government of Andhra Pradesh.\|pages=4\|language=en}}</ref>		During his sojourn in Vijayanagara, Ibrahim developed very close and loving ties with the imperial family and among the nobility, and also became deeply influenced by Hindu, Telugu culture. He adopted Hindu/Telugu ways of dress, food, etiquette, and above all, speech. He developed a strong love for the [[Telugu language]], which he [[patron]]ized and encouraged throughout his [[reign]].<ref name="Chandra189">Satish Chandra, ''Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals'', Part II, (Har-Anand, 2009), 189.</ref> Indeed, he even went so far as to adopt a new name for himself, "Malki BhaRama," which is his own name spoken with a strong, rustic [[Telugu people\|Telugu]] accent. He used this name for himself in various official letters and documents and it therefore gained official recognition.<ref name="Khan2" /> According to a court poet, Ibrahim would sit, "floating on waves of bliss," while listening to the [[Mahabharata]] being recited in Telugu rather than Sanskrit.<ref name=":0" /> It is said that the court of Ibrahim Qutb Shah had many scholars learned in the [[Vedas]], [[Shastra\|Sastras]] and [[Puranas]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jYn9mFuLZRMC\|title=Itihas\|date=2012\|publisher=Director of State Archives, Government of Andhra Pradesh.\|pages=4\|language=en}}</ref>

	Such favourable attitudes to [[Hindus]] had an effect. Ibrahim during his early reign got the support from Telugu noblemen. In 1550 when Ibrahim was returning to Golconda, two envoys were sent to the sultan from the fort of [[Koilkonda]] pledging allegiance to him. According to the long inscription at the fort, the Hindus pledged allegiance to him and anyone who 'dealt with any other person other than Ibrahim' would be considered of being of low birth and would incur the sin of having killed cows and [[Brahmins\|Brāhmaṇas]] at [[Varanasi]]<ref>{{Citation\|work=Mughal Administration in Golconda\|editor-last1=Richards\|editor-first1=John F\|year=1975\|pages=11–12\|url= https://archive.org/details/mughaladministra0000rich/page/11/mode/1up\|title=Ibrahim Qutub Shah\| publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref><ref>{{Citation\|work=Annual report of the archeological department of the Nizam's dominions\|year=1928–1929\|url= https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.22703/page/n25/mode/1up\|pages=21–24\|title=Koilkonda Inscription}}</ref>		Such favourable attitudes to [[Hindus]] had an effect. Ibrahim during his early reign got the support from Telugu noblemen. In 1550 when Ibrahim was returning to Golconda, two envoys were sent to the sultan from the fort of [[Koilkonda]] pledging allegiance to him. According to the long inscription at the fort, the Hindus pledged allegiance to him and anyone who 'dealt with any other person other than Ibrahim' would be considered of being of low birth and would incur the sin of having killed cows and [[Brahmins\|Brāhmaṇas]] at [[Varanasi]]<ref>{{Citation\|work=Mughal Administration in Golconda\|editor-last1=Richards\|editor-first1=John F\|year=1975\|pages=11–12\|url= https://archive.org/details/mughaladministra0000rich/page/11/mode/1up\|title=Ibrahim Qutub Shah\| publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref><ref>{{Citation\|work=Annual report of the archeological department of the Nizam's dominions\|year=1928–1929\|url= https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.22703/page/n25/mode/1up\|pages=21–24\|title=Koilkonda Inscription}}</ref>

	In Vijayanagara, Ibrahim married Bagiradhi (correctly: "Bhagirathi"), a Hindu woman, according to Hindu rites and customs. Bagiradhi was also known as "Kaavya kanyaka" and she came from a family with a legacy in music and dance rooted in Hindu, south Indian traditions. The son born to Ibrahim and Bhagirathi, [[Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah]], would succeed his father to become the 5th ruler of the dynasty.		In Vijayanagara, Ibrahim married Bagiradhi (correctly: "Bhagirathi"), a Hindu woman, according to Hindu rites and customs. Bagiradhi was also known as "Kaavya kanyaka" and she came from a family with a legacy in music and dance rooted in Hindu, south Indian traditions. The son born to Ibrahim and Bhagirathi, [[Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah]], would succeed his father to become the 5th ruler of the dynasty.
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	===Wives===		===Wives===
	*Bhagirathi of [[Vijayanagar Empire\|Vijayanagar]]<ref name="NigamBhatnagar1997">{{cite book\|last1=Nigam\|first1=Mohan Lal\|last2=Bhatnagar\|first2=Anupama\|title=Romance of Hyderabad Culture\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TS1uAAAAMAAJ\|year=1997\|publisher=Deva Publications\|page=6}}</ref>		*Bhagirathi of [[Vijayanagar Empire\|Vijayanagar]]<ref name="NigamBhatnagar1997">{{cite book\|last1=Nigam\|first1=Mohan Lal\|last2=Bhatnagar\|first2=Anupama\|title=Romance of Hyderabad Culture\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TS1uAAAAMAAJ\|year=1997\|publisher=Deva Publications\|page=6}}</ref>
	*Bibi Jamil; daughter of Sultan [[Hussain Nizam Shah I]] of [[Ahmadnagar Sultanate\|Ahmadnagar]]<ref>{{cite book\|last=Haig\|first=Thomas Wolseley\|~~authorlink~~=Wolseley Haig\|title=History of the Nizam Shahi kings of Ahmadnagar\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xwBCAQAAMAAJ\|series=Indian Antiquary\|year=1921\|publisher=Popular Prakashan\|page=195}}</ref>		*Bibi Jamil; daughter of Sultan [[Hussain Nizam Shah I]] of [[Ahmadnagar Sultanate\|Ahmadnagar]]<ref>{{cite book\|last=Haig\|first=Thomas Wolseley\|author-link=Wolseley Haig\|title=History of the Nizam Shahi kings of Ahmadnagar\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xwBCAQAAMAAJ\|series=Indian Antiquary\|year=1921\|publisher=Popular Prakashan\|page=195}}</ref>

	===Issue===		===Issue===