I. K. Kumaran - Revision history

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	'''Irayi Kunnathidathil Kumaran Master''' ({{lang-ml\|ഇരയി കുന്നതിടത്തില്‍ കുമാരന്‍ മാസ്റ്റര്‍}}; 17 September 1903 – 27 July 1999), was a freedom fighter from [[Mahé, India\|Mahe]] or ''Mayyazhi'', Union territory of India, who fought for liberation from France, in 1954. He also unsuccessfully fought for the unification of ''Mayyazhi'' with [[Kerala]]. He is known as "Mahe [[Gandhi]]". Kumaran was the first Administrator of Mahe after Indian independence.<ref>{{cite book\|last=Robyn Andrews, Merin Simi Raj\|title=Anglo-Indian Identity: Past and Present, in India and the Diaspora\|url=https://books.google.~~co.in~~/books?id=ldoeEAAAQBAJ~~&pg=PA381~~&dq=I.k+kumaran+mahe&hl=~~ml&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiRu7CPlrDyAhWywjgGHc5ICR8Q6AF6BAgJEAM#v=onepage&q=I.k%20kumaran%20mahe&f=false~~\|publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]]\|via=Google Books}}</ref>		'''Irayi Kunnathidathil Kumaran Master''' ({{lang-ml\|ഇരയി കുന്നതിടത്തില്‍ കുമാരന്‍ മാസ്റ്റര്‍}}; 17 September 1903 – 27 July 1999), was a freedom fighter from [[Mahé, India\|Mahe]] or ''Mayyazhi'', Union territory of India, who fought for liberation from France, in 1954. He also unsuccessfully fought for the unification of ''Mayyazhi'' with [[Kerala]]. He is known as "Mahe [[Gandhi]]". Kumaran was the first Administrator of Mahe after Indian independence.<ref>{{cite book\|last=Robyn Andrews, Merin Simi Raj\|title=Anglo-Indian Identity: Past and Present, in India and the Diaspora\|date=21 March 2021\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ldoeEAAAQBAJ&dq=I.k+kumaran+mahe&pg=PA381\|publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]]\|isbn=9783030644581\|via=Google Books}}</ref>

	==Biography==		==Biography==
	Born in Kunnathodam, a fairly wealthy family in [[Mahe, India\|Mayyazhi]], IK Kumaran's father Kunkan Janmi was a liquor shop owner. The mother sighed. After completing his studies at Basel Mission School and Calve Branch School in Mayyazhi, he passed the school final examination from Thalassery Basel Mission School. He then passed the Intermediate examination from [[Brennen\|Brennan College]], [[Thalassery]].<ref name="ref1">{{Cite book\|title=കേരള സംസ്കാര ചരിത്ര നിഘണ്ടു\|last=എസ്. കെ വസന്തൻ~~\|first=~~\|publisher=കേരള ഭാഷാ ഇൻസ്റ്റിറ്റ്യൂട്ട\|year=2005\|isbn=9788176385985\|edition=2\|volume=1\|location=തിരുവനന്തപുരം\|pages=~~364-365~~\|type=വിജ്ഞാനകോശം}}</ref>		Born in Kunnathodam, a fairly wealthy family in [[Mahe, India\|Mayyazhi]], IK Kumaran's father Kunkan Janmi was a liquor shop owner. The mother sighed. After completing his studies at Basel Mission School and Calve Branch School in Mayyazhi, he passed the school final examination from Thalassery Basel Mission School. He then passed the Intermediate examination from [[Brennen\|Brennan College]], [[Thalassery]].<ref name="ref1">{{Cite book\|title=കേരള സംസ്കാര ചരിത്ര നിഘണ്ടു\|last=എസ്. കെ വസന്തൻ\|publisher=കേരള ഭാഷാ ഇൻസ്റ്റിറ്റ്യൂട്ട\|year=2005\|isbn=9788176385985\|edition=2\|volume=1\|location=തിരുവനന്തപുരം\|pages=364–365\|type=വിജ്ഞാനകോശം}}</ref>

	He passed the exam to become a sub-inspector in British India but was denied a job because he was a French citizen. From 1928 he worked as a teacher in Choodikotta Madrasa and Ottapilakool Mappila School. It was during this period that IK Kumaran became involved in politics at the instigation of Muchikal Padmanabhan. IK Kumaran Master entered the social and political arena through the Youth League movement. He resigned in 1940 to become more active in politics. He later became the President of the Congress Committee in Vadakara. He actively campaigned for the reorganization of the Congress in Kottayam Taluk. He also served as the President of the Youth League for some time. Kumaran Master has made his mark not only in politics but also in various social activities such as untouchability, mixed eating, bhudanam, Harijan upliftment, khadi propaganda and prohibition of liquor.<ref name="ref1"/>		He passed the exam to become a sub-inspector in British India but was denied a job because he was a French citizen. From 1928 he worked as a teacher in Choodikotta Madrasa and Ottapilakool Mappila School. It was during this period that IK Kumaran became involved in politics at the instigation of Muchikal Padmanabhan. IK Kumaran Master entered the social and political arena through the Youth League movement. He resigned in 1940 to become more active in politics. He later became the President of the Congress Committee in Vadakara. He actively campaigned for the reorganization of the Congress in Kottayam Taluk. He also served as the President of the Youth League for some time. Kumaran Master has made his mark not only in politics but also in various social activities such as untouchability, mixed eating, bhudanam, Harijan upliftment, khadi propaganda and prohibition of liquor.<ref name="ref1"/>

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{{short description|Indian Politician, Freedom Fighter}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2016}}
{{Infobox Officeholder
| honorific-prefix =
| name = Irayi Kunnathidathil Kumaran Master
| honorific-suffix =
| image =
| imagesize = 200px
| order1 = [[List of administrators of Mahe|Administrator of Mahe]]
| term_start1 = 16 July 1954
| term_end1 = 31 October 1954
| | predecessor1 =
| successor1 = [[Jejurikkar]]
| birth_date =
| death_date =
}}
'''Irayi Kunnathidathil Kumaran Master''' ({{lang-ml|ഇരയി കുന്നതിടത്തില്‍ കുമാരന്‍ മാസ്റ്റര്‍}}; 17 September 1903 – 27 July 1999), was a freedom fighter from [[Mahé, India|Mahe]] or ''Mayyazhi'', Union territory of India, who fought for liberation from France, in 1954. He also unsuccessfully fought for the unification of ''Mayyazhi'' with [[Kerala]]. He is known as "Mahe [[Gandhi]]". Kumaran was the first Administrator of Mahe after Indian independence.<ref>{{cite book|last=Robyn Andrews, Merin Simi Raj|title=Anglo-Indian Identity: Past and Present, in India and the Diaspora|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=ldoeEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA381&dq=I.k+kumaran+mahe&hl=ml&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiRu7CPlrDyAhWywjgGHc5ICR8Q6AF6BAgJEAM#v=onepage&q=I.k%20kumaran%20mahe&f=false|publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]]|via=Google Books}}</ref>

==Biography==
Born in Kunnathodam, a fairly wealthy family in [[Mahe, India|Mayyazhi]], IK Kumaran's father Kunkan Janmi was a liquor shop owner. The mother sighed. After completing his studies at Basel Mission School and Calve Branch School in Mayyazhi, he passed the school final examination from Thalassery Basel Mission School. He then passed the Intermediate examination from [[Brennen|Brennan College]], [[Thalassery]].<ref name="ref1">{{Cite book|title=കേരള സംസ്കാര ചരിത്ര നിഘണ്ടു|last=എസ്. കെ വസന്തൻ|first=|publisher=കേരള ഭാഷാ ഇൻസ്റ്റിറ്റ്യൂട്ട|year=2005|isbn=9788176385985|edition=2|volume=1|location=തിരുവനന്തപുരം|pages=364-365|type=വിജ്ഞാനകോശം}}</ref>

He passed the exam to become a sub-inspector in British India but was denied a job because he was a French citizen. From 1928 he worked as a teacher in Choodikotta Madrasa and Ottapilakool Mappila School. It was during this period that IK Kumaran became involved in politics at the instigation of Muchikal Padmanabhan. IK Kumaran Master entered the social and political arena through the Youth League movement. He resigned in 1940 to become more active in politics. He later became the President of the Congress Committee in Vadakara. He actively campaigned for the reorganization of the Congress in Kottayam Taluk. He also served as the President of the Youth League for some time. Kumaran Master has made his mark not only in politics but also in various social activities such as untouchability, mixed eating, bhudanam, Harijan upliftment, khadi propaganda and prohibition of liquor.<ref name="ref1"/>

[[Mahatma Gandhi Government Arts College]], Mahé, was established in the year 1970 by I K Kumaran. The Mahé Co-operative College of Teacher Education was established in 2005 and is part of the Mahé Co-operative Centre for Information Technology Ltd.<ref>[http://pondicherry-today.com/system/html/eng/Mahe%20Co-operative%20College.html Mahé Co-operative College of Teacher Education (MCCTE).]{{dead link|date=January 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Pondicherry Today. Retrieved 9 August 2012.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.maheco-operativecollege.com/index.html |title=Mahé Co-operative College of Teacher Education (MCCTE). Retrieved 9 August 2012. |access-date=9 August 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111001192404/http://www.maheco-operativecollege.com/index.html |archive-date=1 October 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Liberation Movement==
[[File:Pondicherry pro-merger activism 1954.jpg|thumb|Freedom fighters in Mahé, 1954]]

Gandhians like I. K. Kumaran led the struggle for union with India in Mahé after Indian independence in 1947. The municipal office of the French administration was attack. on 21 October 1948 at 9:00 PM. The French national flag was removed and the Indian national flag hoisted on the municipal building (''Mairie'' in French). On 26 October, a French navy ship anchored in Mahé and the French regained control of Mahé. The ship left Mahé on 31 October. Communists tried to capture Cherukallayi enclave in April 1954. Two Indians were killed during the struggle. The Indian flag was hoisted in the Naluthura enclave on 1 May. The freedom fighters conducted an embargo on Mahé from June that year. On 14 July 1954, the Mahajanasabha organized a march into Mahé, which was liberated on 16 July 1954.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.calicutnet.com/yourtown/mahe/history.htm|title=History. Mahe (Mayyazhi). Your Town - CalicutNet.com.|website=www.calicutnet.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pib.gov.in/feature/feyr98/fe0898/f1808986.html|title=Untitled Page|website=pib.gov.in}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.indianexpress.com/res/web/pIe/ie/daily/19990727/ige27032.html Indian Express News]
* [http://pib.nic.in/feature/feyr98/fe0898/f1808986.html pib.nic.in]
* [http://mahewelfare.com/tourism/default.asp?Ar=Personality&Gr=5 mahewelfare.com]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kumaran, I K Mahe Gandhi}}
[[Category:1903 births]]
[[Category:1999 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian civil rights activists]]
[[Category:Indian independence activists from Kerala]]
[[Category:Narayana Guru]]
[[Category:Malayali people]]
[[Category:Administrators of Mahe]]