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	== Other websites ==		== Other websites ==
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	* [https://humanrights.foundation Human Rights Foundation]		* [https://humanrights.foundation Human Rights Foundation]
	* [https://www.amnesty.org/ Amnesty International]		* [https://www.amnesty.org/ Amnesty International]
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	== Other websites ==		== Other websites ==
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	* [https://humanrights.foundation Human Rights Foundation]		* [https://humanrights.foundation Human Rights Foundation]
	* [https://www.amnesty.org/ Amnesty International]		* [https://www.amnesty.org/ Amnesty International]

Kannadaguy: Created page with "Bill of Rights'' (1689)]] '''Human rights''' is the idea that all people should have rights: {{quote..."

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Created page with "thumb|''[[Bill of Rights 1689|Bill of Rights'' (1689)]] '''Human rights''' is the idea that all people should have rights: {{quote..."

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[[File:English_Bill_of_Rights_of_1689.jpg|thumb|''[[Bill of Rights 1689|Bill of Rights]]'' (1689)]]

'''Human rights''' is the idea that all people should have rights:
{{quote|''All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights.''|Article 1 of the [[United Nations]] [[Universal Declaration of Human Rights]] (UDHR)<ref name=UDHR>{{Harvard citation no brackets |UDHR |1948 }}</ref>}}
Today, the principles are protected as [[legal rights]] in national and [[international law]].<ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets |Nickel |2010 }}</ref>
They are seen as ''universal,'' which means they are meant for everyone, no matter what their [[race (sociology)|race]], [[religion]], [[ethnicity]], [[nationality]], [[Ageing|age]], [[sex]] (also [[women's rights]]), [[politics|political]] beliefs (or any other kind of beliefs), [[intelligence]], [[disability]], [[sexual orientation]], or [[gender identity]] are.

Every person has all of these rights, it is not possible to only grant some of them:
{{Quote|All human rights are universal, indivisible and interdependent and related. The international community must treat human rights globally in a fair and equal manner, on the same footing, and with the same emphasis.|[[Vienna Declaration|Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action]], [[World Conference on Human Rights]], 1993}}
== History ==

The idea of human rights originated from ideas found in [[religion]] and [[philosophy]] in Western Europe. The modern Western idea of human rights started in the [[Europe]]an [[Age of Enlightenment|Enlightenment]]. In the [[16th century]], some people started suggesting that everyone had the religious and political right to choose their [[religion]] and their [[leader]]s. This sort of thinking was important in the [[English Civil War]]. After the war, the [[philosopher]] [[John Locke]] argued that people should have these rights; he was one of the first people to call them "human rights." These ideas were also important in the [[American Revolutionary War|American revolution]] and the [[French revolution]] in the [[18th century]].

In the 19th century, [[John Stuart Mill]] was an important philosopher who also thought about human rights. He said that people should be able to control their own [[body|bodies]] and [[mind]]s. He talked about three special ideas:
* [[freedom of speech]]
* [[freedom of assembly]]
* freedom to do what a person wishes if it does not harm others (even if other people think it is bad)

[[Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel|Hegel]] was a philosopher who talked about the idea of [[free will]]. He also talked about what makes a person [[free]]: that a person has to have certain relations with other people to have [[true]] freedom. A person has to be able to:
* own [[property]]
* make [[contract]]s with other people
* make [[moral]] [[promise]]s to people
* live with anyone
* get protection from [[laws]]
* have a voice in [[government]]

== Laws ==

Because people believe that human rights are important, countries make [[law]]s to protect them. These laws say that [[government]]s cannot take away people's basic rights. They make sure people who take away other people's rights are punished.

Some major political organizations have made statements that promote human rights. These are not laws, but they affect us anyway. If groups or countries do not follow these statements, others will condemn them (say that they are ''very'' bad); and then people may not talk with them, do [[business]] with them, or help them.

[[File:Declaration of Human Rights.jpg|thumb|right|''[[Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen]]'' approved by the National Assembly of France, [[August 26]], [[1789]]]]

Some of the important places that human rights laws are written is in [[constitution]]s. The [[United States|United States Constitution]] and [[Constitution of France]] are two of the oldest set of laws based on human rights.

In [[1948]] the [[United Nations]] made the [[Universal Declaration of Human Rights]]. This is a widely respected document that says what the United Nations believes are human rights. It is not a law, but is the basis on which two important agreements are written:
* The [[International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights]]
* The [[International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights]]
These are United Nations human rights ''Covenants'': agreements between people or countries. The countries who sign these two covenants agree to follow them.

In addition to those Declaration and Covenants, there are many [[treaty|treaties]] and documents made by [[United Nations]] and other international organizations. Those treaties and documents are called "[[International human rights law]]".

== List of human rights ==
Not everyone agrees on what the basic human rights are. It is very clear that few countries permit all these rights. Also, there are countries in which the rights are not illegal, but nothing is done to promote them. Here is a list of some of the most recognized rights:

=== Fundamental rights ===
* Right to live
* To be a citizen of a [[country]]
* [[Right to housing]]
* [[Right to a fair trial]]
* To own property

=== Safety ===
* Safety from [[violence]] (Physical, Mental and Sexual)
* To seek [[Political asylum|asylum]] if a country treats you badly
* Fair [[trial]], and to be considered innocent until proven guilty

=== General life freedoms ===
* The [[right to education|right to get an education]]
* Health care ([[medicine|medical]] care)
* To believe and practice the [[freedom of religion|religion]] a person wants

=== Rights related to sexuality and procreation ===
* Right to marriage and family
* [[Equality]] of both [[male]]s and [[female]]s; [[women's rights]]
* Not be forced into [[marriage]]
* The right to express his or her [[sexual orientation]]

=== Political freedoms ===
* The right to express oneself: [[freedom of expression|free speech]]
* [[right to vote|To vote]]
* To [[peace]]fully [[protest]] (speak against) a government or group
* [[right to petition|To petition]]

== Abuses ==
Abuse means to intentionally harm a person or people physically, mentally, emotionally, or verbally once or many times. Human rights abuse follows along similarly, also keeping in count the universal rights. Human rights abuse happens when a person is hurt in a way that violates (goes against) his/her human rights. Human rights abuses are also often called ''human rights violations''.

;<nowiki>Examples of human rights abuses or violations are:</nowiki>
* Putting a person in jail because they said that the government is doing bad things, or because they are [[religious persecution|religious]] or not religious.
* Taking a person's home because they are from a different country
* Not letting someone who is a [[citizen]] of a country [[vote]] because he or she has the "wrong" kind of attribute as mentioned on top of article.
* Violence toward someone because they have a (or any) [[religion]], or a different religion to the one of the abuser.

Many people, groups, and countries think protecting human rights is very important. But not everyone in the world believes in human rights. If people who do not believe in human rights have [[politics|political]] power they can hurt many people. Even if these people have no political power, they can be violent to other people. There are many people who work to protect everyone's human rights; some of these are government groups, and some are not with any government. They are sometimes called ''human rights organizations''. [[Amnesty International]] and [[Human Rights Watch]] are examples of human rights organizations.

==Related pages==
*[[United Nations Human Rights Council]]
*[[United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights]]
*[[World peace]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

== Other websites ==
* [https://humanrights.foundation Human Rights Foundation]
* [https://www.amnesty.org/ Amnesty International]
* [http://www.msf.org/ Doctors Without Borders (Medecins Sans Frontieres)]
* [https://www.hrw.org/ Human Rights Watch]
* [http://www.hiwaar.com/ Hiwaar For Human Rights Organisation]

[[Category:Human rights| ]]

Human rights - Revision history

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