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{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{| class="wikitable" width="250" style="font-size: 0.85em; float: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border: 1px solid #DEE8F1;"
|bgcolor="#A1C2CF" colspan="2" style="color: white;" align="center"|'''Timeline of Thrissur'''
|-
|colspan="2"|[[Image:JJP 112.jpg|250px]]
|-
|bgcolor="#B0BFD5" width="20%" align="center"|'''Year'''
|bgcolor="#B0BFD5" width="80%" align="center"|'''Event'''
|-
|1200 BCE – 200 CE
|Iron Age Megalithic Culture
|-
|2nd–1st century BCE
|Rise of [[Muziris]] as a port
|-
|1st–3rd centuries CE
|[[Roman Empire|Roman]] coins of the period found
|-
|800–1124
|Rule of Perumals of [[Mahodayapuram]]
|-
|855
|Sthanu Ravi inscription at [[Koodalmanikyam Temple]] at [[Irinjalakuda]]
|-
|930
|Kota Ravi inscriptions at Avittathur
|-
|1000
|Jewish Copper plate issued at [[Mahodayapuram]]
|-
|1024
|Rajasimha inscription at Thazhekad
|-
|1036
|Rajasimha inscription at [[Thiruvanchikulam Temple]]
|-
|11th century
|Inscription at [[Vadakkumnathan Temple]], [[Thrissur]]
|-
|1225
|[[Saint Thomas Christians|Syrian Christian]] copper plate issued by Vira Raghava of [[Perumpadapu Swaroopam]]
|-
|1523
|[[Portugal|Portuguese]] Fort at [[Cranganore]]
|-
|1599
|[[Saint Thomas Christians|Syrian Christian]] priests from [[Palayoor]] and Mattom take part in the [[Synod of Diamper]]
|-
|1606, 1677, 1681
|Inscriptions at [[Palayoor]]
|-
|1710
|[[Dutch Republic|Dutch]] control over Chettuva
|-
|1750–1762
|[[Zamorin]]'s occupation of [[Thrissur]]
|-
|1789
|[[Tipu Sultan]]'s occupation of [[Thrissur]]
|-
|1790–1805
|Rule of Rama Varma, [[Sakthan Thampuran]]
|-
|1791
|Treaty between [[Kochi|Cochin]] and the [[East India Company]] by which [[Kingdom of Cochin]] became a vassal of the company
|-
|1794
|Fortifications around the [[Thrissur]] town by [[Sakthan Thampuran]]
|-
|1800
|[[Kochi|Cochin]] State placed under the [[Madras]] Government
|-
|1814
|Construction of the [[Mart Mariam Big Church]] at [[Thrissur]]

|-
|1816
|The first known map of [[Thrissur]] prepared by John Gould
|-
|1889
|[[St. Thomas College, Thrissur]] founded
|-
|1921
|[[Thrissur]] made a municipality
|-
|1925
| [[Cochin Legislative Council]] with elected members from [[Thrissur]]
|-
|1925, 1927
|[[Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi]] visits [[Thrissur]]
|-
|1932
|[[E.M.S. Namboodiripad]] left [[St. Thomas College, Thrissur]] to enlist himself a volunteer of the Indian National Congress at [[Kozhikode]]
|-
|1935
|Labour Brotherhood in [[Thrissur]]
|-
|1936
|[[Kochi|Cochin]] State Congress founded
|-
|1936
|Electricity agitation
|-
|1940
|[[Kochi|Cochin]] Karshakasabha founded
|-
|1941
|[[Kochi|Cochin]] State Prajamandal
|-
|1947
|Temple entry allowed in [[Kochi|Cochin]]
|-
|1949
|[[Travancore]]-[[Cochin]] State comes into existence
|-
|1 July 1949
|[[Thrissur district]] was formed
|-
|1956
|Formation of [[Kerala]] State
|}

'''Thrissur''' ({{Lang-ml|തൃശൂർ}}) is the administrative capital of [[Thrissur district|Thrissur District]], in the central part of [[Kerala]] state, India. Thrissur district was formed on 1 July 1949. It is an important cultural centre, and is known as the Cultural Capital of Kerala. It is famous for the [[Thrissur Pooram]] festival, one of the most colourful and spectacular temple festival of Kerala. From ancient times, [[Thrissur]] has been politically, economically and culturally significant to the [[Indian subcontinent]]. It has opened the gates for [[Arabs]], [[Ancient Rome|Romans]], [[Portugal|Portuguese]], [[Netherlands|Dutch]] and English. According to tradition, Thrissur is where [[Christianity]], [[Islam]] and [[Judaism]] entered the [[Indian subcontinent]]. Local Christian tradition holds that [[Thomas the Apostle]] arrived in 52 CE, and Muslim tradition states that [[Methala]] is the location of country's first mosque.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://business.in.com/article/boardroom/catholic-syrian-gods-own-bank/12582/1
|title=Catholic Syrian: God's Own Bank
|work=Forbes India
|access-date=27 April 2010
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100430140709/http://business.in.com/article/boardroom/catholic-syrian-gods-own-bank/12582/1
|archive-date=30 April 2010
|url-status=dead
}}</ref>

==Pre-history==
[[File:Megalithic Menhir at Ramavarmapuram Kerala (DSC 9208).JPG|thumb|Megalithic Menhir at Ramavarmapuram Kerala|left]]
Starting from the [[Stone Age]], Thrissur must have been the site of human settlement. This is evidenced by the presence of a megalithic monuments at [[Ramavarmapuram]], [[Kuttur Census Town|Kuttoor]], Cherur and Villadam.<ref name="The Hindu">{{cite news
|url=http://hindu.com/2009/12/04/stories/2009120450620200.htm
|title=A tour of heritage sites in Thrissur
|access-date=9 July 2010
|location=Chennai, India
|date=4 December 2009
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091208143112/http://www.hindu.com/2009/12/04/stories/2009120450620200.htm
|archive-date=8 December 2009
|work=[[The Hindu]]
|url-status=dead
}}</ref> The Ramavarmapuram monument is in granite and is of [[Menhir]] type. The monument in Ramavarmapuram is 15 feet height and 12 feet 4 inches broad. From 1944, it is under the protection of Department of Archaeology. The monument is locally known as 'Padakkallu' or 'Pulachikkallu'. These menhirs are memorials for the departed souls put up at burial sites. They belong to the Megalithic Age of Kerala, which is roughly estimated between 1000 BCE and 500 CE.<ref>S Hemachandran, [http://www.kerala.gov.in/keralacalljuly_07/pg30-31.pdf "Monuments Embossing History"]{{dead link|date=November 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ''Kerala Calling'', July 2007. (Retrieved on 24 January 2009)</ref> All such monuments have not been dated exactly. Some experts are of the view that these are the remnants of the Neolithic Age in the development of human technology. The Ramavarmapuram Menhir is also believed to be a monument belonging to the Sangam period in the South Indian history.<ref>V V K Valath (1992). ''Keralathile Sthalacharithrangal: Thrissur Jilla'',(Malayalam: കേരളത്തിലെ സ്ഥലചരിത്രങ്ങള്‍: തൃശൂർ ജില്ല) p.217. Kerala Sahithya Akadamy, Thrissur.</ref>

Other monolithic monuments like [[Dolmen|dolmens]] and rock-cut caves are at Porkulam, Chiramanengad, Eyyal, Kattakambal and Kakkad. The monument excavated under Archaeologist BK Thapar, between 1949–50, was under the Department of Archaeology.<ref name="The Hindu"/> Another megalithic monument is situated at Ariyannur in Thrissur.<ref name="Students prepare manual on flora">{{cite news|date=4 March 2005|title=Students prepare manual on flora|work=[[The Hindu]]|location=Chennai, India|url=http://www.hindu.com/2005/03/04/stories/2005030410860300.htm|url-status=dead|access-date=9 July 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111013173158/http://www.hindu.com/2005/03/04/stories/2005030410860300.htm|archive-date=13 October 2011}}</ref>

==Chera Dynasty==
===Muziris===

[[Muziris]] (1st century BCE), is a lost port city in Kodungallur and was a major center of trade in Kerala between the [[Chera Empire]] and the [[Roman Empire]].<ref name="Search for India's ancient city">{{cite news
|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4970452.stm
|title=Search for India's ancient city
|work=BBC
|access-date=5 September 2010
|date=11 June 2006
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100925152525/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4970452.stm
|archive-date=25 September 2010
|url-status=live
}}</ref> Muziris (Cranganore) was destroyed by massive [[flood]]ing of the river [[Periyar River|Periyar]] in 1341, opening a new port called Kochi.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.centreforheritagestudies.com/html/history.htm |title=History of Kochi |publisher=Centre For Heritage Studies, India |access-date=5 September 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150915105257/http://www.centreforheritagestudies.com/html/history.htm |archive-date=15 September 2015 }}</ref> Muziris was also known as Mahodayapuram, Shinkli, Muchiri (anglicised to Muziris) and Muyirikkodu. It is known as 'Vanchi' to locals.<ref name="Search for India's ancient city"/> Muziris opened the gates for Arabs, Romans, Portuguese, Dutch and English to [[Indian sub continent]] and [[South East Asia]].<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.kerala360.net/muziris.html
|title=Kerala Tourism
|publisher=Muziris, A cultural tourist destination in kerala
|access-date=5 September 2010
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101101035830/http://kerala360.net/muziris.html
|archive-date=1 November 2010
|url-status=dead
}}</ref> It was famous as a major port for trade and commerce for more than 2,500 years.

There has always been a lot of confusion about the exact location of the port, as also about other aspects of it. For long it was considered to be [[Kodungalloor]]. However, in 1983, a large hoard of Roman coins was found at a site around 10 km from a place called [[Pattanam]], some distance away from [[Kodungalloor]]. Excavations carried out from 2004 to 2009 at [[Pattanam]] has revealed evidence that may point out the exact position of Muziris.<ref name="Search for India's ancient city"/><ref name="hindu.com">{{cite news
|url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/04/01/stories/2007040106021000.htm
|title=Excavations highlight Malabar maritime heritage
|access-date=5 September 2010
|location=Chennai, India
|date=1 April 2007
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110430182720/http://www.hindu.com/2007/04/01/stories/2007040106021000.htm
|archive-date=30 April 2011
|work=[[The Hindu]]
|url-status=dead
}}</ref><ref name="Hunting for Muziris">{{cite news
|url=http://www.hindu.com/lf/2004/03/28/stories/2004032800050200.htm
|title=Hunting for Muziris
|access-date=5 September 2010
|location=Chennai, India
|date=28 March 2004
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101119145846/http://www.hindu.com/lf/2004/03/28/stories/2004032800050200.htm
|archive-date=19 November 2010
|work=[[The Hindu]]
|url-status=dead
}}</ref><ref name="hinduonnet.com">{{cite web
|url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/2004/03/23/stories/2004032303340500.htm
|title=Archaeologists stumble upon Muziris
|work=The Hindu
|access-date=5 September 2010
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100809101723/http://www.hinduonnet.com/2004/03/23/stories/2004032303340500.htm
|archive-date=9 August 2010
|url-status=usurped
}}</ref>

This suggests that Muziris was a port of great international fame and that [[South India]] was involved in active trade with several civilizations of [[West Asia]], the [[Near East]] and [[Europe]] with the port as a means to do so.

While there is a consensus on that both the port and the city ceased to exist around the middle of the 13th century, possibly following an earthquake (or the great flood of 1341 recorded in history, which caused the change of course of [[Periyar river]]), there does not seem to be clear evidence as to when the port might have first come into being. Presently, researchers seem to be agreed on that the port was already a bustling center of trade by 500 BCE, and there is some evidence that suggests that Muziris was a city, even if not certainly a port as well, from before 1500 BCE.<ref>http://www.samachaar.in/Delhi/Trade_links_of_Kerala_city_date_back_to_500_BC_19220/</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/01/09/stories/2008010956451300.htm | location=Chennai, India | title=Study points to 500 BC Kerala maritime activity | date=9 January 2008 | access-date=11 September 2010 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101113050246/http://www.hindu.com/2008/01/09/stories/2008010956451300.htm | archive-date=13 November 2010 | work=[[The Hindu]] | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.orientalthane.com/archaeology/news_2008_01_30_4.htm |title=Archived copy |access-date=11 September 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110507021807/http://www.orientalthane.com/archaeology/news_2008_01_30_4.htm |archive-date=7 May 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/index.php?issueid=&id=3689&option=com_content&task=view&sectionid=21|title = Iron Man's country}}</ref>

It is called 'Murachipatanam' in Sanskrit and Muchiri in Tamil. Later it was also called as Makothai, Mahodayapuram, Mahodayapattanam. The port was familiar to the author of the [[Periplus of the Erythraean Sea]] who described it as being situated on ''Pseudostomos'' river (Ψευδόστομος: [[Greek language|Greek]] for "false mouth" – a precise translation of the [[Malayalam]] description of the mouth of the Periyar, ''Alimukam'') 3 km from its mouth. According to the Periplus, numerous Greek seamen managed an intense trade with Muziris:<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/periplus.html
|title=Ancient History Sourcebook: The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea: Travel and Trade in the Indian Ocean by a Merchant of the First Century
|publisher=Paul Halsall
|access-date=5 September 2010
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140814160845/http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/periplus.html
|archive-date=14 August 2014
|url-status=live
}}</ref>

{{cquote|"Then come Naura and Tyndis, the first markets of [[Damirica]] (Limyrike), and then Muziris and Nelcynda, which are now of leading importance. Tyndis is of the [[Chera Dynasty|Kingdom of Cerobothra]]; it is a village in plain sight by the sea. Muziris, of the same Kingdom, abounds in ships sent there with cargoes from Arabia, and by the Greeks; it is located on a river, distant from Tyndis by river and sea five hundred stadia, and up the river from the shore twenty stadia" – <small>The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, 53–54</small>}}

===Arrival of Christianity (51–52)===
The [[St Thomas Christians|indigenous church of Kerala]] has a tradition that St. Thomas sailed there to spread the Christian faith. He landed at the ancient port of [[Muziris]]. He then went to [[Palayoor]] (near present-day [[Guruvayoor]]), which was a Hindu priestly community at that time. He left Palayoor in 52 for the southern part of what is now [[Kerala]] State, where he established the ''Ezharappallikal'', or "[[Seven and Half Churches]]". These churches are at [[Kodungallur]], [[Kollam]], [[Niranam]], Nilackal ([[Chayal]]), [[Kokkamangalam]], [[Kottakkavu Mar Thoma Syro-Malabar Pilgrim Church, North Paravur|Kottakkavu]], [[Palayoor]] (Chattukulangara) and [[Thiruvithancode]] Arappally – the half church.<ref>{{cite book | title = Six St. Thomases of South India | author = T.K. Joseph | publisher = University of California | year = 1955 | page = 27}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://kuzhippallil.com/nsc.html |title=Nasrani Syrian Christians |publisher=Kuzhippallil.com |access-date=17 January 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090704083022/http://kuzhippallil.com/nsc.html |archive-date=4 July 2009 }}</ref>

=== Arrival of Islam (7th century) ===
According to [[Mappila|Kerala Muslim]] tradition, the town of [[Methala]] (now a part of modern-day [[Kodungallur|Kodungallur municipality]], [[Thrissur district]]) was the location of the [[Islam in India|first mosque in India]], the [[Cheraman Juma Mosque]].<ref name=":0">{{cite book|author=Ron Geaves|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H1s1DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA6|title=Islam and Britain: Muslim Mission in an Age of Empire|publisher=Bloomsbury|year=2017|isbn=978-1-4742-7175-2|pages=6}}</ref><ref name="lamp">{{cite web|title=Cheraman Juma Masjid: A 1,000-year-old lamp burns in this mosque|website=[[The Times of India]]|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Cheraman-Juma-Masjid-A-1000-year-old-lamp-burns-in-this-mosque/articleshow/47486911.cms}}</ref><ref name="solomon">{{cite web|title=Solomon To Cheraman|url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article/solomon-to-cheraman/279886}}</ref> The [[legend of Cheraman Perumals]] states that the last ruler of the Chera dynasty mandated its construction after converting to [[Islam]] sometime during the lifetime of the prophet [[Muhammad]] (c. 570–632).<ref>{{cite book|author=Jonathan Goldstein|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8Z6DlzyT2vwC|title=The Jews of China|publisher=M. E. Sharpe|year=1999|isbn=9780765601049|page=123}}</ref><ref name="Kupferschmidt1987">{{cite book|author=Uri M. Kupferschmidt|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ChEVAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA458|title=The Supreme Muslim Council: Islam Under the British Mandate for Palestine|publisher=Brill|year=1987|isbn=978-90-04-07929-8|pages=458–459|access-date=25 July 2012}}</ref> According to legend, it was built by [[Malik Deenar]], Persian [[Tabiun|tābiʿūn]] of the [[Islamic prophet]] [[Muhammad]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name="lamp" /><ref name="solomon" /> Its construction date is said to be sometime between 624–629 CE.<ref name="SimpsonKresse2008">{{cite book|author1=Edward Simpson|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w0qHKA7zEaEC&pg=PA333|title=Struggling with History: Islam and Cosmopolitanism in the Western Indian Ocean|author2=Kai Kresse|publisher=Columbia University Press|year=2008|isbn=978-0-231-70024-5|pages=333|access-date=24 July 2012}}</ref><ref name="Raṇṭattāṇi2007">{{cite book|author=Husain Raṇṭattāṇi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xlb5BrabQd8C&pg=PA179|title=Mappila Muslims: A Study on Society and Anti Colonial Struggles|publisher=Other Books|year=2007|isbn=978-81-903887-8-8|pages=179–|access-date=25 July 2012}}</ref> This construction date would make it the oldest [[mosque]] on the [[Indian subcontinent]] which is still in use,<ref>{{cite web|title=Mosque in Kerala dates back to the Prophet's time|website=[[The Times of India]]|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Mosque-in-Kerala-dates-back-to-the-Prophets-time/articleshow/48138989.cms}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Tinkering with the past|website=[[The Hindu]]|date=20 July 2015|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/tinkering-with-the-past/article7442583.ece|last1=Anandan|first1=S.}}</ref> as well as the second-oldest mosque in the world to offer [[Jumu'ah]] prayers.<ref name="BT">{{cite web|title=World's second oldest mosque is in India|url=http://www.bahraintribune.com/ArticleDetail.asp?CategoryId=4&ArticleId=49332|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060706220818/http://www.bahraintribune.com/ArticleDetail.asp?CategoryId=4&ArticleId=49332|archive-date=6 July 2006|access-date=9 August 2006|publisher=Bahrain tribune}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Cheraman Juma Masjid A Secular Heritage|url=http://www.islamicvoice.com/june.2004/miscellany.htm#cjm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170726021445/http://www.islamicvoice.com/june.2004/miscellany.htm#cjm|archive-date=26 July 2017|access-date=10 September 2010}}</ref> The bodies of some of his Muhammad's original followers are said to be buried here.<ref>{{cite web|title=A mosque from a Hindu king|url=http://www.indiatraveltimes.com/travelogue/mosque.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181105202727/http://www.indiatraveltimes.com/travelogue/mosque.html|archive-date=5 November 2018|access-date=9 August 2006|publisher=indiatravels}}</ref>

According to the Arabic manuscript ''[[Qissat Shakarwati Farmad]]'', several more mosques were built in the Thrissur area during the era of [[Malik Dinar]], which would make them among the oldest on the [[Indian Subcontinent]].<ref>Prange, Sebastian R. ''Monsoon Islam: Trade and Faith on the Medieval Malabar Coast.'' Cambridge University Press, 2018. 98.</ref>

<gallery>
File:TabulaPeutingerianaMuziris.jpg|Muziris, as shown in the [[Tabula Peutingeriana]]
File:Palayoor boat jetty.jpg|Statue of St. Thomas at [[Palayoor]] in [[Thrissur district]]
File:Cheraman juma masjid Old.jpg|A model of the original [[Cheraman Juma Mosque]]
</gallery>

==Arrival of the Portuguese (16th century)==
===Raid on Cranganore===
[[File:Kerala cities at time of Cabral (1500).gif|thumb|250px|India [[Malabar Coast]] c. 1500]]
Converging on Cranganore, the Portuguese-Cochinese fleet quickly disperses the Zamorin's forces on the beach with cannon fire, and then lands an amphibian assault force – some 1,000 Portuguese and 1,000 Cochinese [[Nairs]], who take on the rest of the Zamorin's forces in close combat. The Zamorin's forces are defeated and driven away from the city.<ref>Castanheda, p.272</ref>

In the meantime, the Calicut fleet of some five ships and 80 ''[[parau]]s'' that had been dispatched to save the city are intercepted by the idling Portuguese ships near [[Pallippuram, Ernakulam|Palliport]] and defeated in a naval encounter.<ref>Mathew (1997: p.14)</ref>

===Cranganore Fort (1523)===
{{Empty section|date=October 2021}}

==Mysorean invasion (1773–1790)==
{{Empty section|date=October 2021}}

==Sakthan Thampuran (1790–1805)==

In 1790, Raja Rama Varma, known as [[Sakthan Thampuran]], became the ruler of the [[Kingdom of Cochin]]; his ascension is seen as the beginning of the modern period in the history of [[Kochi]] and [[Thrissur]].<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Education|first1=Kerala (India) Department of|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kzFuAAAAMAAJ&q=%22hereditary+Prime+Ministership+of+Cochin%22|title=Kerala District Gazetteers: Ernakulam|last2=Menon|first2=A. Sreedhara|date=1965|publisher=Superintendent of Government Presses|language=en}}</ref> His punishment of criminals and wrongdoers was considered harsh but helped restore peace to the country. Sakthan Thampuran had been at the helm of affairs since 1769 when all administrative authority in the [[Kochi|Cochin]] State was delegated to him by the then reigning sovereign on the initiative of the Travancore Raja and the [[Dutch people|Dutch]] Governor. This Raja was a strong ruler and his reign was characterised by firm and vigorous administration. By the end of the 18th century, the power of the feudal chieftains had been crushed and royal authority had become supreme. Sakthan Thampuran was mainly responsible for the destruction of the power of the feudal chieftains and increase of royal power.

Another potent force in the public life of [[Thrissur]] and its suburbs was the [[Namboothiri]] community and the [[Saint Thomas Christians|Syrian Christian community]]. A large part of the [[Thrissur]] taluk was for long under the domination of the Yogiatiripppads, the ecclesiastical heads of the Vadakkunnathan and Perumanam Devaswoms. The Yogiatirippads were elected and consecrated by the [[Namboothiri]] Yogams of the respective places. Under their leadership the [[Namboothiri]] families of Thrissur and Perumanam were playing in active part against the ruler of [[Cochin]] in his wars against the [[Zamorin]] of [[Kozhikode|Calicut]]. Hence after the expulsion of the [[Zamorin]] from [[Thrissur]] in 1761, drastic action was taken against these families by the Raja of Cochin. The institution of Yogiatirippads was discontinued and the management of [[Thrissur]] and Perumanam Devaswoms were taken over by the Government. The [[Namboothiri]] Yogams were reduced to impotence. Thus the anti-feudal measures of Sakthan Thampuran coupled with the several administrative reforms introduced by him marked the end of the medieval period in the history of Cochin and ushered in the modern epoch of progress.

It may be interesting in this connection to know something about the institution of the Yogatirippad. The Yogatirippad of the Vadakkunnathan Devaswom was elected by the [[Namboothiri]] illams of [[Thrissur]] and its suburbs. The Yogatirippad was elected for life in the presence of the ruler of Cochin, local chieftains and prominent [[Namboothiri]] from places outside [[Thrissur]]. The Yogatirippad was a very powerful and influential dignitary. The last Yogatirippad was banished from Thrissur in 1763 for having joined the side of the [[Zamorin]] against Cochin. Sakthan Thampuran put an end to the institution of the Yogatirippad. Since then the numerous [[Namboothiri]] illams situated in [[Thrissur]] gradually became extinct. But even today there are a few Namboothiri illams in [[Thrissur]] and its suburbs reminding one of those old days when the Namboothiri Yogam of [[Thrissur]] along with the Perumanam Yogam exercised jurisdiction over a large portion of the present [[Thrissur]] taluk.

[[Sakthan Thampuran]] enjoyed good relations with the British authorities and was also a personal friend of [[Dharma Raja]] of [[Travancore]]. [[Sakthan Thampuran]] married twice. His first wife was a [[Nair]] lady from the reputed Vadakke Kuruppath family of [[Thrissur]] (several members of the [[Cochin Royal Family]] later took spouses from this family) whom he married when he was 30 years old. He is said to have had a daughter from this first wife. However, this Nethyar Amma (title of the consort of the Cochin Rajah) died soon after an unhappy marriage. Thereafter the [[Sakthan Thampuran]] remained single for a few decades, marrying again at the age of 52. The second wife of the [[Sakthan Thampuran]] was Chummukutty Nethyar Amma of the Karimpatta family and was a talented musician and dancer of ''Kaikottikalli''. She was 17 at the time of her marriage with the [[Sakthan Thampuran]]. The marriage was without issue and within four years, [[Sakthan Thampuran]] died. In those days the widowed Nethyar Ammas did not have any special provisions from the state and hence Chummukutty, at the age of 21, returned to her ancestral home. His palace, [[Shakthan Thampuran Palace]], in [[Thrissur]] is preserved as a monument and he was responsible for developing the [[Thrissur]] city and also making it the Cultural Capital of [[Kerala]].

==References==
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{{Histories of Kerala cities}}
{{Thrissur topics}}
{{Kerala}}

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[[Category:History of Thrissur| ]]

History of Thrissur - Revision history

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