https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=History_of_SikhismHistory of Sikhism - Revision history2026-08-17T23:32:51ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.43.6https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_Sikhism&diff=451311&oldid=prevMasterstrock: Improved wording and formatting2026-03-23T23:08:43Z<p>Improved wording and formatting</p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Main|Jassa Singh Ahluwalia}}</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Main|Jassa Singh Ahluwalia}}</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[File:PicKingRaja.jpg|thumb|[[Jassa Singh Ahluwalia]] was a prominent [[Sikh]] leader during the period of the [[Sikh Confederacy]]. He was also Misldar of the [[Ahluwalia (misl)|Ahluwalia]] [[Misl]].]]</del></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Jassa Singh Ahluwalia was born in 1718. His father, Badar Singh, died when Ahluwalia was only four years old.<ref>{{cite book|last=Jawandha|first=Nahar|title=Glimpses of Sikhism|publisher=Sanbun Publishers|isbn=9789380213255|page=209|year=2010}}</ref> His mother took him to [[Mata Sundari]], the wife of [[Guru Gobind Singh]] when Ahluwalia was young.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Dhamija|first=Sumant|title=The Lion Hearted Jassa Singh Ahluwalia of Punjab|journal=Indian Defence Review|year=2004|volume=25|series=2|page=87|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H6fqIFGD-E0C&q=jassa+singh+Mata+Sundari}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Singh|first=Parm|title=Golden Temple|year=1999|publisher=Publication Bureau, Punjabi University|isbn=9788173805691|page=19}}</ref> Mata Sundri was impressed by his melodious singing of hymns and kept the Ahluwalia near her. Later Jassa Singh Ahluwalia was adopted by Nawab Kapoor Singh,<ref>{{cite book|last=Singh|first=Ganda|title=Sardar Jassa Singh Ahluwalia|year=1990|publisher=Publication Bureau, Punjabi University|page=32}}</ref> then the leader of the Sikh nation. Ahluwalia followed all Sikh qualities required for a leader Ahluwalia would sing [[Asa di Var]] in the morning and it was appreciated by all the [[Dal Khalsa (Sikh Empire)|Dal Khalsa]] and Ahluwalia kept busy doing [[Selfless service|seva]] (selfless service). He became very popular with the Sikhs. He used to tie his [[turban]] in the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] fashion as he grew up in Delhi. Ahluwalia learned [[Equestrianism|horseback riding]] and [[swordsmanship]] from expert teachers.<ref>{{cite book|last=Singh|first=Gurbaksh|title=The Khalsa Generals|year=1927|publisher=Canadian Sikh Study & Teaching Society|isbn=0969409249|page=25}}</ref></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Jassa Singh Ahluwalia was born in 1718. His father, Badar Singh, died when Ahluwalia was only four years old.<ref>{{cite book|last=Jawandha|first=Nahar|title=Glimpses of Sikhism|publisher=Sanbun Publishers|isbn=9789380213255|page=209|year=2010}}</ref> His mother took him to [[Mata Sundari]], the wife of [[Guru Gobind Singh]] when Ahluwalia was young.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Dhamija|first=Sumant|title=The Lion Hearted Jassa Singh Ahluwalia of Punjab|journal=Indian Defence Review|year=2004|volume=25|series=2|page=87|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H6fqIFGD-E0C&q=jassa+singh+Mata+Sundari}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Singh|first=Parm|title=Golden Temple|year=1999|publisher=Publication Bureau, Punjabi University|isbn=9788173805691|page=19}}</ref> Mata Sundri was impressed by his melodious singing of hymns and kept the Ahluwalia near her. Later Jassa Singh Ahluwalia was adopted by Nawab Kapoor Singh,<ref>{{cite book|last=Singh|first=Ganda|title=Sardar Jassa Singh Ahluwalia|year=1990|publisher=Publication Bureau, Punjabi University|page=32}}</ref> then the leader of the Sikh nation. Ahluwalia followed all Sikh qualities required for a leader Ahluwalia would sing [[Asa di Var]] in the morning and it was appreciated by all the [[Dal Khalsa (Sikh Empire)|Dal Khalsa]] and Ahluwalia kept busy doing [[Selfless service|seva]] (selfless service). He became very popular with the Sikhs. He used to tie his [[turban]] in the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] fashion as he grew up in Delhi. Ahluwalia learned [[Equestrianism|horseback riding]] and [[swordsmanship]] from expert teachers.<ref>{{cite book|last=Singh|first=Gurbaksh|title=The Khalsa Generals|year=1927|publisher=Canadian Sikh Study & Teaching Society|isbn=0969409249|page=25}}</ref></div></td></tr>
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</table>Delinkerhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_Sikhism&diff=138058&oldid=prevCleanupBot: /* top */clean up, removed: {{pp-protected|small=yes}}2021-08-13T04:57:18Z<p><span class="autocomment">top: </span>clean up, removed: {{pp-protected|small=yes}}</p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Sikhism sidebar}} </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Sikhism sidebar}} </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Sikhism was coined by [[Guru Gobind Singh Ji]]. He was the tenth Guru of the 17 century in the [[Punjab region]] in the northern part of the [[Indian subcontinent]]. The Faith practices were formalised by [[Guru Gobind Singh Ji]] on 13 April 1699.<ref>{{cite web | title =BBC History of Sikhism – The Khalsa | work =Sikh world history | publisher =BBC Religion & Ethics | date =29 August 2003 | url =http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/sikhism/history/history_1.shtml | access-date = 2008-04-04 }}</ref> The latter baptised five Sikh people from different parts of India and had different social backgrounds to form [[Khalsa]] (ਖ਼ਾਲਸਾ). The first five, [[Panj Pyare|Pure Ones]], then baptised Gobind Singh ji into the Khalsa fold.<ref>{{cite book | last = Singh | first = Patwant | title = The Sikhs | publisher = Knopf | pages = [https://archive.org/details/sikhs00sing/page/14 14] | isbn = 0-375-40728-6 | year = 2000 | url = https://archive.org/details/sikhs00sing/page/14 }}</ref> This gives the order of Khalsa, a history of around 300 years.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Sikhism was coined by [[Guru Gobind Singh Ji]]. He was the tenth Guru of the 17 century in the [[Punjab region]] in the northern part of the [[Indian subcontinent]]. The Faith practices were formalised by [[Guru Gobind Singh Ji]] on 13 April 1699.<ref>{{cite web | title =BBC History of Sikhism – The Khalsa | work =Sikh world history | publisher =BBC Religion & Ethics | date =29 August 2003 | url =http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/sikhism/history/history_1.shtml | access-date = 2008-04-04 }}</ref> The latter baptised five Sikh people from different parts of India and had different social backgrounds to form [[Khalsa]] (ਖ਼ਾਲਸਾ). The first five, [[Panj Pyare|Pure Ones]], then baptised Gobind Singh ji into the Khalsa fold.<ref>{{cite book | last = Singh | first = Patwant | title = The Sikhs | publisher = Knopf | pages = [https://archive.org/details/sikhs00sing/page/14 14] | isbn = 0-375-40728-6 | year = 2000 | url = https://archive.org/details/sikhs00sing/page/14 }}</ref> This gives the order of Khalsa, a history of around 300 years.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The '''history of Sikhism''' is closely associated with the [[history of Punjab]] and the socio-political situation in the north-west of the Indian subcontinent in the 16th century. From the rule of India by the Mughal Emperor [[Jahangir]] ({{reign | 1605 |1627}}), Sikhism came into conflict with Mughal laws, because they were affecting political successions of [[Mughals]] while cherishing saints from [[Islam]]. Mughal rulers killed many prominent Sikhs for refusing to obey their orders,<ref name=IslamistPersecution8>Pashaura Singh (2005), Understanding the Martyrdom of Dhan Dhan Sri Guru Arjan Dev Ji, Journal of Punjab Studies, 12(1), pages 29-62</ref> and for opposing the persecution of [[Sikhs]].<ref name="IslamistPersecution9">{{cite journal | last = McLeod | first = Hew | title = Sikhs and Muslims in the Punjab | journal = South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies | volume = 22 | issue = s1 | pages = 155–165 | year = 1987 | doi = 10.1080/00856408708723379 }}</ref> Of [[Sikh gurus|total 10 Sikh gurus]],<ref name="IslamistPersecution1">V. D. Mahajan (1970). Muslim Rule In India. S. Chand, New Delhi, p.223.</ref><ref name="IslamistPersecution3">{{cite book|title= Later Mughals|first= William|last= Irvine|publisher= Harvard Press |isbn= 9781290917766|year= 2012}}</ref><ref name="IslamistPersecution4">{{cite book |author1= Pashaura Singh |author2= Louis Fenech | title= The Oxford handbook of Sikh studies | publisher= Oxford University Press | location= Oxford, UK | year= 2014 | isbn= 978-0-19-969930-8 | pages= 236–238}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | last= Gandhi | first= Surjit | title= History of Sikh gurus retold | publisher=Atlantic Publishers | year=2007 | isbn=978-81-269-0858-5 | pages=653–691}}</ref><ref name="IslamistPersecution5">{{cite book | last= Singh | first= Prithi | title= The history of Sikh gurus | publisher= Lotus Press | year= 2006 | isbn= 978-81-8382-075-2 | page= 124}}</ref> two gurus themselves were tortured and executed ([[Guru Arjan |Guru Arjan Dev]] and [[Guru Tegh Bahadur]]),<ref name="Singh2003">{{cite book|last= Singh|first= Prof. Kartar|title= Life Story Of Guru Nanak|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=nhKMUnfLZLEC&pg=PA88|access-date= 26 November 2010|date= 2003-01-01|publisher= Hemkunt Press|isbn= 978-81-7010-162-8|page= 90}}</ref><ref name="IslamistPersecution2">{{cite book | last= Siṅgha | first= Kirapāla | title= Select documents on Partition of Punjab-1947 | publisher= National Book | year= 2006 | isbn= 978-81-7116-445-5 | page=234}}</ref> and close kin of several gurus brutally killed (such as the seven and nine-year old sons of [[Guru Gobind Singh]]),<ref name="pri">{{cite book | last = Singh | first = Prithi Pal | title = The history of Sikh Gurus | publisher = Lotus Press | pages = 158 | isbn = 81-8382-075-1 | year = 2006 }}</ref><ref name="IslamistPersecution6">{{cite web|url= http://www.sikhpoint.com/religion/sikhcommunity/bandasinghbahadur.htm/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=16&Itemid=8|title= Life of Banda Singh|first= Ernest|last= Abel}}{{Dead link|date= January 2020 |bot= InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted= yes }}</ref> along with numerous other main revered figures of Sikhism were tortured and killed (such as [[Banda Bahadur]] (1716), [[Bhai Mati Das]], [[Bhai Sati Das]] and [[Bhai Dayala]]),<ref name="IslamistPersecution5" /><ref name="pri" /><ref name="IslamistPersecution6" /> by Mughal rulers for refusing their orders,<ref name="IslamistPersecution8" /><ref name="IslamistPersecution1" /><ref name="<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">IslamistPersecution6</del>" /><ref name="<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">pri</del>" /> and for opposing the persecution of [[Sikhs]] and [[Hindus]].<ref name=IslamistPersecution9/><ref name=<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">IslamistPersecution2</del>/><ref name=<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">IslamistPersecution3</del>/><ref name=<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">IslamistPersecution5</del>/> Subsequently, Sikhism militarised itself to oppose Mughal hegemony. The emergence of the [[Sikh Confederacy]] under the [[misl]]s and [[Sikh Empire]] under the reign of the Maharajah [[Ranjit Singh]] ({{reign | 1792 | 1839}}) was characterised by religious tolerance and [[Religious pluralism|pluralism]] with Christians, Muslims and Hindus in positions of power. The establishment of the [[Sikh Confederacy|Sikh Empire]] in 1799 is commonly considered the zenith of Sikhism in the political sphere,<ref name="Lafont">{{cite book | last = Lafont | first = Jean-Marie | title = Maharaja Ranjit Singh: Lord of the Five Rivers (French Sources of Indian History Sources) | publisher = Oxford University Press | date = 16 May 2002 | location = USA | pages = 23–29 | isbn = 0-19-566111-7}}</ref> during its existence (from 1799 to 1849) the [[Sikh Confederacy|Sikh Empire]] came to include [[Kashmir]], [[Ladakh]], and [[Peshawar]]. A number of Muslim and Hindu peasants converted to Sikhism.<ref name="Singh2008"></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The '''history of Sikhism''' is closely associated with the [[history of Punjab]] and the socio-political situation in the north-west of the Indian subcontinent in the 16th century. From the rule of India by the Mughal Emperor [[Jahangir]] ({{reign | 1605 |1627}}), Sikhism came into conflict with Mughal laws, because they were affecting political successions of [[Mughals]] while cherishing saints from [[Islam]]. Mughal rulers killed many prominent Sikhs for refusing to obey their orders,<ref name=IslamistPersecution8>Pashaura Singh (2005), Understanding the Martyrdom of Dhan Dhan Sri Guru Arjan Dev Ji, Journal of Punjab Studies, 12(1), pages 29-62</ref> and for opposing the persecution of [[Sikhs]].<ref name="IslamistPersecution9">{{cite journal | last = McLeod | first = Hew | title = Sikhs and Muslims in the Punjab | journal = South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies | volume = 22 | issue = s1 | pages = 155–165 | year = 1987 | doi = 10.1080/00856408708723379 }}</ref> Of [[Sikh gurus|total 10 Sikh gurus]],<ref name="IslamistPersecution1">V. D. Mahajan (1970). Muslim Rule In India. S. Chand, New Delhi, p.223.</ref><ref name="IslamistPersecution3">{{cite book|title= Later Mughals|first= William|last= Irvine|publisher= Harvard Press |isbn= 9781290917766|year= 2012}}</ref><ref name="IslamistPersecution4">{{cite book |author1= Pashaura Singh |author2= Louis Fenech | title= The Oxford handbook of Sikh studies | publisher= Oxford University Press | location= Oxford, UK | year= 2014 | isbn= 978-0-19-969930-8 | pages= 236–238}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | last= Gandhi | first= Surjit | title= History of Sikh gurus retold | publisher=Atlantic Publishers | year=2007 | isbn=978-81-269-0858-5 | pages=653–691}}</ref><ref name="IslamistPersecution5">{{cite book | last= Singh | first= Prithi | title= The history of Sikh gurus | publisher= Lotus Press | year= 2006 | isbn= 978-81-8382-075-2 | page= 124}}</ref> two gurus themselves were tortured and executed ([[Guru Arjan |Guru Arjan Dev]] and [[Guru Tegh Bahadur]]),<ref name="Singh2003">{{cite book|last= Singh|first= Prof. Kartar|title= Life Story Of Guru Nanak|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=nhKMUnfLZLEC&pg=PA88|access-date= 26 November 2010|date= 2003-01-01|publisher= Hemkunt Press|isbn= 978-81-7010-162-8|page= 90}}</ref><ref name="IslamistPersecution2">{{cite book | last= Siṅgha | first= Kirapāla | title= Select documents on Partition of Punjab-1947 | publisher= National Book | year= 2006 | isbn= 978-81-7116-445-5 | page=234}}</ref> and close kin of several gurus brutally killed (such as the seven and nine-year old sons of [[Guru Gobind Singh]]),<ref name="pri">{{cite book | last = Singh | first = Prithi Pal | title = The history of Sikh Gurus | publisher = Lotus Press | pages = 158 | isbn = 81-8382-075-1 | year = 2006 }}</ref><ref name="IslamistPersecution6">{{cite web|url= http://www.sikhpoint.com/religion/sikhcommunity/bandasinghbahadur.htm/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=16&Itemid=8|title= Life of Banda Singh|first= Ernest|last= Abel}}{{Dead link|date= January 2020 |bot= InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted= yes }}</ref> along with numerous other main revered figures of Sikhism were tortured and killed (such as [[Banda Bahadur]] (1716), [[Bhai Mati Das]], [[Bhai Sati Das]] and [[Bhai Dayala]]),<ref name="IslamistPersecution5" /><ref name="pri" /><ref name="IslamistPersecution6" /> by Mughal rulers for refusing their orders,<ref name="IslamistPersecution8" /><ref name="IslamistPersecution1" /><ref name="<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">pri</ins>" /><ref name="<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">IslamistPersecution6</ins>" /> and for opposing the persecution of [[Sikhs]] and [[Hindus]].<ref name=IslamistPersecution9/><ref name=<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">IslamistPersecution3</ins>/><ref name=<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">IslamistPersecution5</ins>/><ref name=<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">IslamistPersecution2</ins>/> Subsequently, Sikhism militarised itself to oppose Mughal hegemony. The emergence of the [[Sikh Confederacy]] under the [[misl]]s and [[Sikh Empire]] under the reign of the Maharajah [[Ranjit Singh]] ({{reign | 1792 | 1839}}) was characterised by religious tolerance and [[Religious pluralism|pluralism]] with Christians, Muslims and Hindus in positions of power. The establishment of the [[Sikh Confederacy|Sikh Empire]] in 1799 is commonly considered the zenith of Sikhism in the political sphere,<ref name="Lafont">{{cite book | last = Lafont | first = Jean-Marie | title = Maharaja Ranjit Singh: Lord of the Five Rivers (French Sources of Indian History Sources) | publisher = Oxford University Press | date = 16 May 2002 | location = USA | pages = 23–29 | isbn = 0-19-566111-7}}</ref> during its existence (from 1799 to 1849) the [[Sikh Confederacy|Sikh Empire]] came to include [[Kashmir]], [[Ladakh]], and [[Peshawar]]. A number of Muslim and Hindu peasants converted to Sikhism.<ref name="Singh2008"></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> |last1= Singh |first1= Pritam</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> |last1= Singh |first1= Pritam</div></td></tr>
</table>CleanupBothttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_Sikhism&diff=120985&oldid=prev>Grafen: clean up, replaced: lead → led2021-04-28T15:14:20Z<p>clean up, replaced: lead → led</p>
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