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'''[[Ranchi district]]''' is one among the [[Districts of Jharkhand|twenty-four districts]] of the state of [[Jharkhand]] in [[East India|Eastern India]]. This region was under the control of the [[Magadha|Magadha Empire]], then it was a part of the [[Mauryan Empire]] under [[Ashoka]] and later a part of the [[Gupta Empire]]. After the fall of the Gupta Empire a legendary king named Phanimukut established the [[Nagvanshi dynasty]] and controlled the [[Chota Nagpur plateau]] region for several centuries thereafter.

==Early history==

The early evidence of use of several Iron slag, pot sheds, Iron tools found in [[Chota Nagpur Plateau]] region around 1400 BCE.
<ref>{{cite book |last1=Singh |first1=Upinder |title=A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century |date=2008 |publisher=Pearson Education India |isbn=9788131711200 |page=220 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H3lUIIYxWkEC&pg=PA220 |language=en}}</ref> [[Samudragupta]], while marching through the present-day Chotanagpur region, directed the first attack against the kingdom of [[Dakshina Kosala]] in the Mahanadi valley.<ref>{{cite book | url=https://archive.org/details/personalgeograph00sharuoft | page=[https://archive.org/details/personalgeograph00sharuoft/page/258 258] | title=Personal and Geographical Names in the Gupta Inscriptions| publisher=Concept Publishing Company | last1=Sharma| first1=Tej Ram| year=1978}}</ref>

==Medivial period==
[[Nagvanshis of Chotanagpur|Nagvanshi dynasty]] was ruling in the region.
The region was free from any external influence until the accession of [[Akbar the Great]] to the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] throne. In the year 1585, Akbar's forces defeated the Raja of [[Khukhragarh|Kokrah]] [[Madhu Singh (king)|Madhu Singh]] and exploited the resources of the region. Nagvanshi dynasty became vassal of Mughal Empire.

Later [[Jahangir]], the son of Akbar sent his forces under the leadership of the Governor of Bihar, Ibrahim Khan and captivated the forty-fifth Kokrah chief, [[Durjan Sal]] to [[Delhi]] and later to [[Gwalior]] for a period of twelve years. Later the chief was reinstated at Kokrah with a fixed tribute. In 17th century Raja [[Raghunath Shah]] ruled for several years, he was poet, he also constructed several temples. Later the region eventually came under the [[British rule of India|British rule]].

==British Raj==

After the [[Battle of Plassey]] in 1757, the [[British Raj]] established its firm control over the [[Indian subcontinent]]. In 1765, Chota Nagpur region also went into their control. A settlement was made by the British in 1772 with Nagbansi Maharaja. This administration could not last long. In 1817 the [[Ranchi district]] along with the adjoining territories were directly administrated by the [[Ramgarh Raj|Magistrate of Ramgarh]]. The discontent expressed the people took the form of various revolts in the years 1811, 1820 and 1831. To control these revolts and for better administration, a separate province named South-Western Frontier Agency was formed in 1833 which included the Chota Nagpur region and also the adjoining region of [[Dhalbhum]]. The district was known as Lohardaga district and also included the present day district of [[Palamu district|Palamu]]. The city of [[Lohardaga]] was the administrative headquarters of the district. However in 1840, the headquarters were moved to [[Ranchi]] and in 1892 the subdivision of [[Palamu district|Palamu]] along with the Tori [[pargana]] were formed into a separate district. The South-Western Frontier Agency was directly administrated by an agent to the Governor-General. In 1854, the system of governance in Chota Nagpur changed once again and the region was constituted as a Non-regulation province under the control of the Commissioner.

==1857 Movement==

In the [[Sepoy Mutiny]] of 1857, the main head of the Chota Nagpur region did not interfere but the Ramgarh Battalion at [[Ranchi]] participated. [[Thakur Vishwanath Shahdeo]], [[Pandey Ganpat Rai]], [[Tikait Umrao Singh]] and [[Sheikh Bhikhari]] played pivotal role in [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]].<ref name=Ustad1997>{{cite journal | jstor=44143953 | title=The Role of Bishwanath Sahi of Lohardaga district, During the Revolt of 1857 in Bihar | author= Mathur Das Ustad | journal= Proceedings of the Indian History Congress | volume=58 | year=1997 | pages=493–500}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.webindia123.com/news/articles/India/20160108/2765171.html|title=JPCC remembers freedom fighters Tikait Umrao Singh, Sheikh Bhikari|website=news.webindia123.com}}</ref> Several possessions, estates and property of the [[Zamindars]] were confiscated. The British eventually succeeded in regaining control over the region and the revolt was suppressed.

==Events after 1857==
After 1857, for several years there was no significant system of Governance with the [[Munda people|Munda]] population expressing discontent over the condition of their people. The last fifteen years of the nineteenth century were constituted by agitations of the ''sardars'' or leaders whose chief objective was to make a living for themselves at the expense of the people. In 1899, a small rising was initiated by [[Birsa Munda]], who encouraged the people to revolt and restore the pride of the [[Munda people|Munda]] tribe. The people revered him as a God-sent leader with miraculous powers. The movement was suppressed with ease by the local authorities and Birsa Munda was imprisoned in the Ranchi Jail, where he died few years later. In 1899, the name of the [[Lohardaga district]] was changed to [[Ranchi district]].

==During Freedom Struggle==

The district played an important role during the [[Indian struggle for independence]]. Under the guidance of Ganesh Chandra Ghosh Ranchi became an epicenter of activities for the followers of Revolutionary campaigns. [[Ranchi]] was the venue of two meetings between [[Mahatma Gandhi]] and [[Edward Albert Gait|Sir Edward Albert Gait]], Lieutenant [[List of Governors of Bihar and Orissa|Governor of Bihar and Orissa]] on 4 June 1917<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gandhisangrahalaypatna.org/library_pdf/gandhi_bihar/gandhi_bihar.pdf|title=MAHATMA GANDHI IN BIHAR|access-date=2010-01-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090730183215/http://www.gandhisangrahalaypatna.org/library_pdf/gandhi_bihar/gandhi_bihar.pdf|archive-date=2009-07-30|url-status=dead}}</ref> and another meeting on 22 September 1917 in the context of the [[Champaran]] Indigo planters repressive measures against the ''[[raiyat]]s'' of the district. The Champaran agrarian law subsequently passed as Bihar and Orissa Act-I of 1918.

==Post Independence==
After [[India]] achieved [[Independence Day (India)|Independence]], [[Ranchi district]] was included in the state of [[Bihar]]. [[Lohardaga district]] was created from a portion of [[Ranchi district]] in 1983. But, after the formation of the state of [[Jharkhand]] on 15 November 2000,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/fline/fl1724/17240320.htm|title=The Hindu:The day of Jharkhand}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2000/nov/13jhar1.htm|title=Rediff.com:Bihar to be divided for second time with birth of Jharkhand}}</ref> the district became the first district of the newly formed state. Later, [[Khunti district]] was carved out of Ranchi district on 12 September 2007.
<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.monstersandcritics.com/news/india/news/article_1354902.php/Jharkhand_gets_two_new_districts|title=Monstersandcritics.com:Jharkhand gets two new districts}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Ranchi district]]
* [[History of Jharkhand]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V21_206.gif History: Ranchi district] [[The Imperial Gazetteer of India]] v 21, p. 200 to p. 202
* [http://ranchi.nic.in/history.htm History of Ranchi district]

{{South Chotanagpur Division topics}}

[[Category:Ranchi district]]
[[Category:History of Jharkhand|Ranchi]]
[[Category:History of Indian districts|Ranchi]]

History of Ranchi district - Revision history

>Bender the Bot: /* External links */HTTP → HTTPS for Digital South Asia Library, replaced: [http://dsal.uchicago.edu/ → [https://dsal.uchicago.edu/