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{{Short description|Legislature of Punjab, India}}
{{More citations needed|date=April 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2022}}
{{#section:Punjab Legislative Assembly|Infobox}}
The '''[[Punjab Legislative Assembly]]''' or the '''Punjab Vidhan Sabha''' is the [[unicameral]] [[legislature]] of the state of [[Punjab (India)|Punjab]] in [[India]]. The [[Sixteenth Punjab Legislative Assembly]] was constituted in March 2022. At present, it consists of 117 [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|members]], directly elected from 117 single-seat constituencies. The tenure of the Legislative Assembly is five years unless dissolved sooner. The current Speaker of the Assembly is [[Kultar Singh Sandhwan]] and the Secretary of the Assembly has been Mr. Surinder pal since April, 2021. The meeting place of the Legislative Assembly since 6 March 1961 is the ''Vidhan Bhavan'' in [[Chandigarh]].

== History ==
=== British Raj ===
An Executive Council was formed under [[Indian Councils Act 1861|The Indian Councils Act, 1861]]. It was only under the [[Government of India Act 1919]] that a [[Punjab Legislative Assembly (British India)|Legislative Council]] was set up in Punjab. Later, under the [[Government of India Act 1935]], the [[Punjab Provincial Assembly (British India)|Punjab Legislative Assembly]] was constituted with a membership of 175. It was summoned for the first time on 1 April 1937. In 1947, [[Punjab (British India)|Punjab Province]] was partitioned into [[West Punjab]] and [[East Punjab]] and the East Punjab Legislative Assembly was formed, the forerunner of the current assembly consisting of 79 members.

=== 1947 – present ===
On 15 July 1948, eight princely states of East Punjab grouped together to form a single state, [[Patiala and East Punjab States Union]]. The Punjab State Legislature was a [[Bicameralism|bicameral]] house in April 1952, comprising the [[Vidhan Sabha]] (lower house) and [[Vidhan Parishad]] (upper house). In 1956 that state was largely merged into Punjab, the strength of the Vidhan Parishad of the new State of Punjab was enhanced from 40 seats to 46 seats and in 1957, it was increased to 51. Punjab was trifurcated in 1966 to form [[Haryana]], [[Himachal Pradesh]], and Punjab. The Vidhan Parishad was reduced to 40 seats and the Vidhan Sabha was grown by 50 seats to 104 seats. On 1 January 1970, the Vidhan Parishad was abolished leaving the state with a [[Unicameralism|unicameral]] legislature.<ref>{{cite web |title=Punjab Legislative Assembly |url=https://legislativebodiesinindia.nic.in/States/Punjab/punjab_w.htm |website=legislativebodiesinindia.nic.in |access-date=16 January 2020}}</ref>

==Election results==
===Pre-Independence===
'''Punjab Legislative Council'''
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!rowspan=2|Year
|bgcolor=blue|
|bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|bgcolor="{{party color|Independent politician}}"|
! rowspan=2|Others
!rowspan=2|Total
|-
! [[Unionist Party (Punjab)|UoP]]
! [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
! [[Independent politician|IND]]
|-
![[1920 Punjab Legislative Council election|1920]]
| -
| -
|71
| -
!rowspan=4| 71
|-
![[1923 Punjab Legislative Council election|1923]]
|33
|0
|17
|21
|-
![[1926 Punjab Legislative Council election|1926]]
|31
|2
|12
|26
|-
![[1930 Punjab Legislative Council election|1930]]
|37
|0
|14
|20
|}

'''Punjab Provincial Assembly'''
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!rowspan=2|Year
|bgcolor=blue|
|bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|bgcolor="{{party color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}"|
|bgcolor="{{party color|All-India Muslim League}}"|
|bgcolor="{{party color|Independent politician}}"|
! rowspan=2|Others
!rowspan=2|Total
|-
! [[Unionist Party (Punjab)|UoP]]
! [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
! [[Shiromani Akali Dal|SAD]]
! [[All-India Muslim League|AIML]]
! [[Independent politician|IND]]
|-
![[1937 Punjab Provincial Assembly election|1937]]
| style="background:lightgreen;"|'''98'''
| style="background:crimson;"|18
|11
|2
|16
|30
!rowspan=2|175
|-
![[1946 Punjab Provincial Assembly election|1946]]
| style="background:lightgreen;"|'''19'''
| style="background:lightgreen;"|'''51'''
| style="background:lightgreen;"|'''21'''
| style="background:crimson;"|73
|11
|0
|}

===Post-Independence===
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!rowspan=2|Years
!rowspan=2 colspan=2|Majority
|bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|bgcolor="{{party color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}"|
|bgcolor="{{party color|Aam Aadmi Party}}"|
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
|bgcolor="{{party color|Independent politician}}"|
!rowspan=2| Others
!rowspan=2| Total
|-
! [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
! [[Shiromani Akali Dal|SAD]]
! [[Aam Aadmi Party|AAP]]
! [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
! [[Independent politician|IND]]
|-
![[1952 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|1952]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| style="background:lightgreen;"|'''96'''
| style="background:crimson;"|13
!rowspan=14| ~
!rowspan=7| ~
|9
|8
!126
|-
![[1957 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| style="background:lightgreen;"|'''120'''
! ^
|13
|21
!rowspan=2|154
|-
![[1962 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| style="background:lightgreen;"|'''90'''
| style="background:crimson;"|19
|18
|27
|-
![[1967 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| style="background:crimson;"|48
! ^
| style="background:lightgreen;"|'''9'''
| style="background:lightgreen;"|'''47'''
!rowspan=3|104
|-
![[1969 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|1969]]
|{{Party name with color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
| style="background:crimson;"|38
| style="background:lightgreen;"|'''43'''
|4
|17
|-
![[1972 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| style="background:lightgreen;"|'''66'''
| style="background:crimson;"|24
|3
|11
|-
![[1977 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|{{Party name with color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
| style="background:crimson;"|17
| style="background:lightgreen;"|'''58'''
|2
|40
! rowspan="10" |117
|-
![[1980 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| style="background:lightgreen;"|'''63'''
| style="background:crimson;"|37
|1
|2
|14
|-
![[1985 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|{{Party name with color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
| style="background:crimson;"|32
| style="background:lightgreen;"|'''73'''
|6
|4
|2
|-
![[1992 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|1992]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| style="background:lightgreen;"|'''87'''
!^
|6
|4
| style="background:crimson;"|20
|-
![[1997 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|1997]]
|{{Party name with color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
| style="background:crimson;"|14
| style="background:lightgreen;"|'''75'''
| style="background:lightgreen;"|'''18'''
|6
|4
|-
![[2002 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2002]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| style="background:lightgreen;"|'''62'''
| style="background:crimson;"|41
|3
|9
|2
|-
![[2007 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2007]]
|{{Party name with color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
| style="background:crimson;"|44
| style="background:lightgreen;"|'''49'''
| style="background:lightgreen;"|'''19'''
|5
|0
|-
![[2012 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2012]]
|{{Party name with color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
| style="background:crimson;"|46
| style="background:lightgreen;"|'''56'''
| style="background:lightgreen;"|'''12'''
|3
|0
|-
![[2017 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2017]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| style="background:lightgreen;"|'''77'''
|15
| style="background:crimson;"|20
|3
|0
|2
|-
![[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
|{{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
| style="background:crimson;"|18
|3
| style="background:lightgreen;"|92
|2
|1
|1
|}
* '''^''' - Party didn't contest election
* '''~''' - Party didn't exist
* Green color box indicates the party/parties who formed the government
* Red color box indicates the official opposition party

==List of Assemblies==

=== Council of Lieutenant-Governor of Punjab (1897-1920) ===
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="3" |Council of Lieutenant-Governor of Punjab (1897-1920)
|-
!Council {{small|(Tenure)}}
!Lieutenant-Governor
(President of Council)
!Tenure {{small|(Presiding dates)}}<ref name="parliamentarians1">The Punjab Parliamentarians 1897-2013, Provincial Assembly of the Punjab, Lahore - Pakistan, 2015</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=List of Former Governors - Pre Independence|url=https://punjabrajbhavan.gov.in/home/preIndependent}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="5" |1st {{small|(1 November 1898 – 3 July 1909)}}
|[[William Mackworth Young]]
|1 November 1897 – 6 March 1902
|-
|[[Charles Montgomery Rivaz|Sir Charles Montgomery Rivaz]]
|6 March 1902 – 6 March 1907
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Denzil Charles Jelf Ibbetson|Sir Denzil Charles Jelf Ibbetson]]
|6 March 1907 - 26 May 1907
|-
|12 August 1907 - 22 January 1908
|-
| rowspan="5" |[[Louis Dane|Sir Louis William Dane]]
|25 May 1908 - 3 January 1910
|-
| rowspan="3" |2nd {{small|(3 January 1910 – 14 December 1912)}}
|3 January 1910 - 28 April 1911
|-
|4 August 1911 - 14 December 1912
|-
|14 December 1912 - 4 January 1913
|-
| rowspan="2" |3rd {{small|(4 January 1913 – 19 April 1916)}}
|4 January 1913 – 26 May 1913
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Michael Francis O'Dwyer|Sir Michael Francis O'Dwyer]]
|26 May 1913 – 12 June 1916
|-
| rowspan="2" |4th {{small|(12 June 1916 – 6 April 1920)}}
|12 June 1916 – 26 May 1919
|-
|[[Edward Douglas Maclagan|Sir Edward Douglas Maclagan]]
|26 May 1919 – 6 April 1920
|}

===Punjab Legislative Council (1921-1936)===
{{Main|Punjab legislative council (British India)}}

{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="5" |Punjab Legislative Council (1921-1936)
|-
!Council {{small|(Tenure)}}
!President
! colspan="2" |Tenure<ref name="parliamentarians1" />
![[List of governors of Punjab (British India)|Governor]]
|-
|rowspan=2|1st {{small|(8 January 1921 – 27 October 1923)}}
|[[Montagu Sherard Dawes Butler]]
|8 January 1921
|21 March 1922
|rowspan=2|[[Edward Douglas Maclagan|Sir Edward Douglas Maclagan]]
|-
|rowspan=2|[[Herbert Alexander Casson]]
|10 May 1922
|27 October 1923
|-
|rowspan=3|2nd {{small|(2 January 1924 – 27 October 1926)}}
|2 January 1924
|16 January 1925
|rowspan=3|[[Edward Douglas Maclagan|Sir Edward Douglas Maclagan]] and [[William Malcolm Hailey|Sir William Malcolm Hailey]]
|-
|[[Abdul Qadir (Muslim leader)|Sheikh Abdul Qadir]]
|16 January 1925
|4 September 1925
|-
|rowspan=3|[[Shahab-ud-Din Virk|Sir Shahab-ud-Din Virk]]
|3 December 1925
|27 October 1926
|-
|3rd {{small|(3 January 1927 – 26 July 1930)}}
|4 January 1927
|26 July 1930
|[[William Malcolm Hailey|Sir William Malcolm Hailey]] and [[Geoffrey Fitzhervey de Montmorency|Sir G. F. Montmorency]]
|-
|rowspan=2|4th {{small|(24 October 1930 – 10 November 1936)}}
|25 October 1930
|24 July 1936
|rowspan=2|[[Geoffrey Fitzhervey de Montmorency|Sir G. F. Montmorency]] and [[Herbert William Emerson|Sir Herbert William Emerson]]
|-
|[[Chhotu Ram]]
|20 October 1936
|10 November 1936
|}

=== Punjab Legislative Assembly ===
{{Main|Punjab Provincial Assembly (British India)}}
<section begin="List of Punjab Legislative Assemblies"/>
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="8" |Punjab Provincial Assembly (1937-1947)
|-
!rowspan=2|Assembly
!colspan=2|Tenure
!rowspan=2|Leader of the House
! rowspan="2" |Premier
!rowspan=2 colspan=2|Party formed government
!rowspan=2|Note
|-
!First sitting
!Date of dissolution
|-
| rowspan="2" |1
| rowspan="2" |5 April 1937
| rowspan="2" |19 March 1945
|colspan=2|[[Sikandar Hayat Khan (Punjabi politician)|Sikandar Hayat Khan]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Unionist Party (Punjab)|Unionist Party]]
| rowspan="3" style="background:blue;"|
|Assembly tenure extended due to [[World War II]]
|-
|colspan=2|[[Malik Khizar Hayat Tiwana]]
|Assembly dissolved to conduct fresh and Impartial election
|-
|2
|21 March 1946
|4 July 1947
|colspan=2|Malik Khizar Hayat Tiwana
|Assembly dissolved since government resigned against [[Partition of India|Partition]]
|-
! colspan="8" |Punjab Legislative Assembly (1947–present)
|-
! rowspan="2" |Assembly
! colspan="2" |Tenure
! rowspan="2" |Leader of the House
! rowspan="2" |Chief Minister
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Party formed government
! rowspan="2" |Note
|-
!First sitting
!Date of dissolution
|-
| rowspan="3" | [[Interim East Punjab Assembly|Interim]]
| rowspan="3" |1 November 1947
| rowspan="3" |20 June 1951
|colspan=2|[[Gopi Chand Bhargava]]
| rowspan="10" |[[Indian National Congress]]
| rowspan="10" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| rowspan="3" |Interim Assembly
|-
|colspan=2|[[Bhim Sen Sachar]]
|-
|colspan=2|Gopi Chand Bhargava
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[First Punjab Legislative Assembly|1st]]
| rowspan="2" |3 May 1952
| rowspan="2" |31 March 1957
|colspan=2|Bhim Sen Sachar
| rowspan="2" |
|-
|colspan=2|[[Partap Singh Kairon]]
|-
|[[Second Punjab Legislative Assembly|2nd]]
|24 April 1957
|1 March 1962
|colspan=2|Partap Singh Kairon
|
|-
| rowspan="4" |[[Third Punjab Legislative Assembly|3rd]]
| rowspan="4" |13 March 1962
| rowspan="4" |28 February 1967
|colspan=2|Partap Singh Kairon
| rowspan="4" |Assembly under suspension from 5 July 1966 to 1 November 1966
|-
|Partap Singh Kairon
|Gopi Chand Bhargava
|-
|colspan=2|[[Ram Kishan]]
|-
|Ram Kishan
|[[Giani Gurmukh Singh Musafir|Gurmukh Singh Musafir]]
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Fourth Punjab Legislative Assembly|4th]]
| rowspan="2" |20 March 1967
| rowspan="2" |23 August 1968
|colspan=2|[[Gurnam Singh]]
|[[Akali Dal - Sant Fateh Singh]]
| style="background:darkorange;"|
| rowspan="2" |Assembly dissolved prematurely
|-
|colspan=2|[[Lachhman Singh Gill]]
|[[Punjab Janta Party]]
| style="background:maroon;"|
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Fifth Punjab Legislative Assembly|5th]]
| rowspan="2" |13 March 1969
| rowspan="2" |14 June 1971
|colspan=2|Gurnam Singh
| rowspan="2" |[[Shiromani Akali Dal]]
| rowspan="2" bgcolor="{{party color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}" |
| rowspan="2" |Assembly dissolved prematurely
|-
|colspan=2|[[Parkash Singh Badal]]
|-
|[[Sixth Punjab Legislative Assembly|6th]]
|21 March 1972
|30 April 1977
|colspan=2|[[Zail Singh]]
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|Assembly tenure extended by one month due to [[Emergency in India|Emergency]]
|-
|[[Seventh Punjab Legislative Assembly|7th]]
|30 June 1977
|17 February 1980
|colspan=2|Parkash Singh Badal
|[[Shiromani Akali Dal]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}" |
|Assembly dissolved prematurely
|-
|[[Eighth Punjab Legislative Assembly|8th]]
|23 June 1980
|26 June 1985
|colspan=2|[[Darbara Singh]]
|[[Indian National Congress (Indira)|Indian National Congress]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|Assembly suspended from 6 October 1983 and later dissolved due to Insurgency on 26 June 1985.
|-
|[[Ninth Punjab Legislative Assembly|9th]]
|14 October 1985
|6 March 1988
|colspan=2|[[Surjit Singh Barnala]]
|[[Shiromani Akali Dal]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}" |
|Assembly suspended prematurely due to Insurgency on 11 June 1987 and later on dissolved on 6 March 1988.
|-
| rowspan="3" |10
| rowspan="3" |16 March 1992
| rowspan="3" |11 February 1997
|colspan=2|[[Beant Singh (chief minister)|Beant Singh]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Indian National Congress (Indira)|Indian National Congress]]
| rowspan="3" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| rowspan="3" | -
|-
|colspan=2|[[Harcharan Singh Brar]]
|-
|colspan=2|[[Rajinder Kaur Bhattal]]
|-
|[[11th Punjab Assembly|11]]
|3 March 1997
|26 February 2002
|colspan=2|Parkash Singh Badal
|[[Shiromani Akali Dal]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}" |
|
|-
|12
|21 March 2002
|27 February 2007
|colspan=2|[[Amarinder Singh]]
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|
|-
|[[13th Punjab Assembly|13]]
|1 March 2007
|6 March 2012
|colspan=2|Parkash Singh Badal
| rowspan="2" |[[Shiromani Akali Dal]]
| rowspan="2" bgcolor="{{party color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}" |
| rowspan="2" |
|-
|[[14th Punjab Assembly|14]]
|19 March 2012
|11 March 2017
|colspan=2|Parkash Singh Badal
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Fifteenth Punjab Legislative Assembly|15]]
| rowspan="2" |24 March 2017
| rowspan="2" |11 March 2022
|colspan=2|Amarinder Singh
| rowspan="2" |[[Indian National Congress]]
| rowspan="2" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| rowspan="2" |
|-
|colspan=2|[[Charanjit Singh Channi]]
|-
|[[Sixteenth Punjab Legislative Assembly|16]]
|17 March 2022
|Incumbent
|colspan=2|[[Bhagwant Mann]]
|[[Aam Aadmi Party]]
|bgcolor={{party color|Aam Aadmi Party}}|
|
|}<section end="List of Punjab Legislative Assemblies"/>

==State under President's rule==
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="6" |Punjab Provincial Assembly (1937-1947)
|-
!Assembly
!Governor's Rule
! colspan="3" |Tenure
!Reason
|-
|1
| rowspan="2" |Governor's Rule
|19 March 1945
|21 March 1946
|{{age in years and days|1945|03|19|1946|03|21}}
|To conduct fresh and Impartial election
|-
|2
|2 March 1947
|15 August 1947
|{{age in years and days|1947|03|02|1947|08|15}}
|Government resigned against the decision of [[Partition of India]]
|-
! colspan="6" |Punjab Legislative Assembly (1947–present)
|-
!Assembly
!President's Rule
! colspan="3" |Tenure
!Reason
|-
|Interim
| rowspan="8" |President's rule
|20 June 1951
|17 April 1952
|{{age in years and days|1951|06|20|1952|04|17}}
|Assembly kept in suspension to help the state government get its act together and conduct fresh elections
|-
|3
|5 July 1966
|1 November 1966
|{{age in years and days|1966|07|05|1966|11|01}}
|State administration was taken over, to facilitate bifurcation of Punjab state into, Punjab and Haryana
|-
|4
|23 August 1968
|17 February 1969
|{{age in years and days|1968|08|23|1969|02|17}}
|Break-up of coalition
|-
|5
|14 June 1971
|17 March 1972
|{{age in years and days|1971|06|14|1972|03|17}}
|Following the 1971 Lok Sabha Elections, incumbent Chief Minister advised dissolving state assembly and holding fresh elections
|-
|6
|30 April 1977
|20 June 1977
|{{age in years and days|1977|04|30|1977|06|20}}
|To conduct the fresh election after [[Emergency in India]]
|-
|7
|17 February 1980
|6 June 1980
|{{age in years and days|1980|02|17|1980|06|06}}
|Government dismissed in spite of Parkash Singh Badal enjoying majority support in Assembly
|-
|8
|6 October 1983
|29 September 1985
|{{age in years and days|1983|10|06|1985|09|29}}
|Insurgency and breakdown of law and order
|-
|9
|11 June 1987
|25 February 1992
|{{age in years and days|1987|06|11|1992|02|25}}
|Insurgency and breakdown of law and order
|}

== See also ==
* [[PEPSU]]
* [[Interim East Punjab Assembly]]
* [[List of governors of Punjab (India)]]
* [[List of constituencies of Punjab Legislative Assembly]]
* [[List of deputy chief ministers of Punjab, India]]
* [[List of speakers of the Punjab Legislative Assembly]]
* [[List of leaders of the opposition in the Punjab Legislative Assembly]]

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Record of all Punjab Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/86-punjab/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=14 March 2022}}

{{Punjab Legislative Assembly|state=expanded}}
{{Legislatures of India}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Punjab Legislative Assembly| ]]
[[Category:Unicameral legislatures]]

History of Punjab Legislative Assembly - Revision history

LesterKitamura4 at 02:46, 7 October 2025