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{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Hisar district
| settlement_type = [[Districts of Haryana|District of Haryana]]
| total_type = Total
| native_name =
| image_map = India - Haryana - Hisar.svg
| map_caption = Location of Hisar district in Haryana
| coordinates =
| coor_pinpoint = Hisar (city)
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Haryana]]
| subdivision_type2 = Division
| subdivision_name2 = [[Hisar Division|Hisar]]
| established_title = Established
| established_date =
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Hisar (city)]]
| parts_type = [[Tehsils of India|Tehsils]]
| parts_style = para
| p1 = [[Adampur, Hisar|Adampur]], [[Agroha (town)|Agroha]], [[Barwala, Hisar|Barwala]], [[Hisar (city)|Hisar]], [[Balsamand]], [[Bass, Hansi|Bass]], [[Narnaund]] and [[Uklanamandi]]
| area_total_km2 = 3983
| area_footnotes =
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_total = 1,743,931
| population_footnotes =
| population_urban =
| population_density_km2 = 438
| demographics_type1 = Demographics
| demographics1_title1 = [[Literacy in India|Literacy]]
| demographics1_info1 = 64.83%
| demographics1_title2 = Sex ratio
| demographics1_info2 =
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +05:30
| registration_plate =
| blank_name_sec1 = [[Indian road network|Major highways]]
| blank_info_sec1 = [[National Highway 10 (India)(old numbering)|NH-9 (formerly NH-10)]] and [[National Highway 65 (India)(old numbering)|NH-152 (formerly NH-65)]]
| blank_name_sec2 = [[Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha constituencies]]
| blank_info_sec2 = [[Hisar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hisar]]
| website = http://hisar.nic.in/
}}
[[File:Skeleton harappa.JPG|thumbnail|A skeleton from [[Rakhigarhi]] [[Indus Valley Civilisation]] site in Hisar on display in the [[National Museum, New Delhi]]]]

'''Hisar district'''
is one of the 22 [[districts of Haryana]], [[India]]. [[Hisar, India|Hisar]] city serves as the district headquarters. Hisar district has four sub-divisions that is, Hisar, Barwala, Hansi and Narnaud, each headed by an [[Sub-Divisional Magistrate|SDM]]. The district is also part of [[Hisar division]].Hisar was founded [[Firuz Shah Tughlaq]] .

The largest district in Haryana until its 1966 reorganization, some parts of Hisar were transferred to the newly created [[Jind district]]. In 1974, Tehsil [[Bhiwani]] and [[Loharu]] were transferred to [[Bhiwani district]]. Hisar was further bifurcated when [[Sirsa district]] was formed. [[Fatehabad district]] was later created as well.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.haryana-online.com/Districts/hissar.htm |title=Archived copy |access-date=19 November 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100103133229/http://haryana-online.com/Districts/hissar.htm |archive-date=3 January 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Hisar is a divisional headquarters of the [[Hisar division]] and also the headquarters of Police Range. It is also a battalion headquarters of B.S.F. 3rd Bn. H.A.P. and commando force. In order to accommodate all of these departments, a five-storey District Administrative Complex was built, with the offices transferred in 1980. It adjoins the new Judiciary Complex, which is also made functional. This administrative and judiciary complex is the largest in Haryana; as a district headquarters it may be one of the largest in the country.

It is one of the five cities belonging to [[Indus Valley Civilization|Sarasvati Valley Civilization]] while its name is cited in the history books in the context of Indus civilization and in general knowledge books as the location of [[Banawali]], one of five sheep farms.
As of 2011 it is the second most populous of the [[List of districts of Haryana|21]] districts of Haryana, after [[Faridabad district|Faridabad]].<ref name="districtcensus">{{cite web | url = http://www.census2011.co.in/district.php | title = District Census 2011 | access-date = 2011-09-30 | year = 2011 | publisher = Census2011.co.in}}</ref>

Hisar is also known as the steel city because of the Jindal Stainless Steel Factories. It is also the largest producer of galvanized iron in India.{{citation needed|date=September 2014}}

==History==


The district suffered famine in [[Chalisa famine|1783-84]] (Chalisa famine),<ref name=grove1>{{Citation | last = Grove | first = Richard H. | title = The Great El Nino of 1789–93 and its Global Consequences: Reconstructing an Extreme Climate Even in World Environmental History | journal = The Medieval History Journal | year = 2007 | volume = 10 | issue = 1&2 | pages = 75–98 | doi = 10.1177/097194580701000203| s2cid = 162783898 | hdl = 1885/51009 | hdl-access = free }}</ref> [[Agra famine of 1837–38|1838]],<ref name=hou1/> [[Upper Doab famine of 1860–61|1860-61]],<ref name=hou1>{{Citation| last = Fieldhouse | first = David | chapter = For Richer, for Poorer? |editor-last = Marshall |editor-first = P. J. | title = The Cambridge Illustrated History of the British Empire|pages = 108–146|publisher=Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Pp. 400| year = 1996| isbn = 0-521-00254-0|chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S2EXN8JTwAEC&q=famine+british+empire+india&pg=PA132}}</ref> [[Indian famine of 1896–97|1896-97]]<ref name=hisarrevset1/> and [[Indian famine of 1899–1900|1899-1900]].<ref name=hisarrevset1>C.A.H. Townsend, [http://revenueharyana.gov.in/Portals/0/revised_settlement_hisar.pdf Final report of thirds revised revenue settlement of Hisar district from 1905-1910], Gazetteer of [[Department of Revenue and Disaster Management, Haryana]], point 22, page 11.</ref>

==Climate==
{{climate chart
|Hisar
|5.5|6.4|13.4
|8.3|7.7|15.5
|13.7|30.5|12.1
|19.4|36.8|5.6
|24.2|40.7|20.3
|27.7|50.0|42.9
|27.0|48.0|140.7
|26.0|35.1|146.9
|23.7|35.4|65.0
|17.8|34.3|14.8
|11.0|29.1|6.1
|6.5|23.5|7.3
|source= [http://www.imd.gov.in/section/climate/hissar2.htm IMD]
|float=right
|clear=right
}}

==Administrative divisions==
Hisar continued to be the District Headquarters of the largest District in the state until its reorganization in 1966 when parts were carved out to create the new Jind District. The Tehsil Bhiwani and [[Loharu State|Loharu estate]] were later transferred to [[Bhiwani district]] on its creation in 1974. It was further bifurcated when [[Sirsa district]] was created entirely out of Hisar District. [[Fatehabad district]] has now been carved out of this district.

At present Hisar district consists of the eight [[tehsil]]s of [[Adampur]], [[Agroha (town)|Agroha]], [[Barwala, Hisar|Barwala]], [[Hisar (city)|Hisar]], [[Hansi]]-1, [[Hansi]]-2, [[Narnaund]] and [[Uklanamandi]], <br> two Sub-[[Tehsil]]s of [[Balsamand]] and [[Bass, Hansi|Bass]]. Vehicle registration numbers for Hisar district are: Hisar HR 20 and HR 39 (commercial no), [[Hansi]] HR 21 and [[Barwala, Hisar|Barwala]] HR 80.

Hisar is a divisional headquarters of the Divisional Commissioner and also the headquarters of the Police Range. It is also a battalion Headquarters of [[Border Security Force]], 3rd battalion of [[Haryana Police|Haryana Armed Police]] and police commando force. All these departments are now housed in a five storied District Administrative Complex completed in 1980, which adjoins the new Judiciary Complex.

The district has seven [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituencies, namely, Adampur, Uklana, Narnaund, Hansi, Barwala, Hisar and Nalwa. All of these are part of [[Hisar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hisar Lok Sabha constituency]]

==Demographics==
{{historical populations|21=1951|22=4,23,390|23=1961|24=5,77,887|25=1971|26=7,74,265|27=1981|28=9,85,769|29=1991|30=12,09,238|31=2001|32=15,37,117|33=2011|34=17,43,931|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901]</ref>|align=right}}
{{bar box|width=300px|barwidth=250px|cellpadding="0"|title=Religion in Hisar district (2011)<ref>http://www.census2011.co.in/census/district/219-hisar.html</ref>|titlebar=#Fcd116|left1=Religion|right1=Percent|float=left|bars={{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|#FF6600|97.54}} {{bar percent|[[Islam]]|#009000|1.24}}
{{bar percent|Others|#9955BB|1.22}}}}

{{As of|2011|alt= the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]]}} the district had a [[Demographics of India|population]] of 1,743,931,<ref name="districtcensus"/> roughly equal to the nation of [[The Gambia]]<ref name="cia">{{cite web | author = US Directorate of Intelligence | title = Country Comparison:Population | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | access-date = 2011-10-01 | quote = Gambia, The 1,797,860 July 2011 est.
}}</ref> or the US state of [[Nebraska]].<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php
|title=2010 Resident Population Data
|publisher=U. S. Census Bureau
|access-date=2011-09-30
|quote=Nebraska 1,826,341
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110101090833/http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php
|archive-date=2011-01-01
}}</ref> This gave it a ranking of 276th in India out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]] districts.<ref name=districtcensus/>
The district has a population density of {{convert| 438 |PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}} .<ref name=districtcensus/> Its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] over the decade 2001-2011 was 13.38%.<ref name=districtcensus/> Hisar has a [[sex ratio]] of 871 [[Women in India|females]] for every 1000 males,<ref name=districtcensus/> and a [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] of 73.2%.<ref name=districtcensus/>

At the time of the [[2011 Census of India]], 96.08% of the population in the district spoke [[Hindi]] and 3.11% [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] as their first language.<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16.html 2011 Census of India, Population By Mother Tongue]</ref> [[Haryanvi]] is the most spoken dialect in the district.

Hisar is 98% [[Hindu]], only about 40,000 are [[Muslim]]s,<ref name="Muslim population in Hisar">{{cite web | author = Times of India | title = Free burial grounds of encroachments: Panel to Wakf Board| url = http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/Free-burial-grounds-of-encroachments-Panel-to-Wakf-Board/articleshow/49901517.cms | access-date = 2015-11-25 }}</ref> rest are mostly [[Jain]] and [[Sikhs]].

The important social groups in the district are [[Jats]], [[Bishnois]], [[Brahmins]], [[Sainis]], [[Bania (caste)|Banias]], [[Agrawal Jain]]s, [[Ahirs]], [[Gujjars]], [[Kumhar]]s, [[Aroras]], [[Chamar]]s and [[Balmiki]]s.<ref name="hisar gazetteer"/> Jat is the largest social group in the city.<ref name="hisar gazetteer"/> They are of two types, Deswalis and [[Bagri language|Bagri]]s. Bishnois have migrated from [[Rajasthan]].<ref name="hisar gazetteer"/> There are three sections of Brahmins in the district, i.e., [[Gaur Brahmin|Gaur]], [[Bias Brahmin|Bias]] and [[Khandelwal Brahmin|Khandelwal]]. Most of the Aroras are migrant from [[West Punjab]] after the partition of the country in 1947.<ref name="hisar gazetteer"/> Banias are divided into [[Agrawal|Aggarwals]], [[Oswals]] and [[Maheshwaris]]. The Aggarwals are said to be the descendants of the inhabitants of Agroha.<ref name="hisar gazetteer"/> They hold [[Agroha (town)|Agroha]] in great reverence. Oswals and Maheshwaris trace their origin to the Rajasthan.<ref name="hisar gazetteer"/> The Gujjars of Hisar trace their origin to [[Rajasthan]].<ref name="hisar gazetteer">{{cite web|url=http://revenueharyana.gov.in/html/gazeteers/gazetteer_india_hisar.pdf|title=Hisar gazetteer|publisher=Haryana Gazetteers Organisation|access-date=23 May 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140501213030/http://revenueharyana.gov.in/html/gazeteers/gazetteer_india_hisar.pdf|archive-date=1 May 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>
Hisar is also the origin place of [[Agrawal Jain]] Community, with [[Hansi]] being an important Jain pilgrimage town.

==Geography==
{{See also|Bagar tract|Khadir and Bangar}}
[[File:Khadir-and-bangar.jpg|thumb|left|300px|In any ''doab'', ''khadar'' land (green) lies next to a river, while ''bangar'' land (olive) has greater elevation and lies further from the river]]
North Hisar district falls in [[doab]] between Ghagghar river flowing through fatehabad district and paleo channel of Dhrishadvati river flowing through the Narnaul tehsil. Eastern, central and south-eastern Hisar district falls in [[doab]] between Dhrishadvati river and [[Yamuna]] river. Western Hisar district is part of bagar tract. The regions of the ''doabs'' near the rivers consist of low-lying, flood-prone, but usually very fertile ''khadir'' and the higher-lying land away from the rivers consist of ''bangar'', less prone to flooding but also less fertile on average.<ref name="encybritt2010">{{Citation | title=Pakistan: Soils | publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica, 2010 | url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1404392/bhangar | quote=''... khaddar soils. Away from the river, toward the middle of the doabs, older alluvial soils (called bangar) are widely distributed ...''}}</ref> For the purpose of irrigation, Hisar district has been classified into 5 circles, namely barani (low rain area where rain-fed dry farming is practiced which nowadays are dependent on tubewells for the irrigation),<ref name=bag1/> [[Bagar tract|bagar]] (dry sandy tract of land on the border of Rajasthan state adjoining the states of Haryana and Pujab)<ref name=bag1/> '''nahri''' ([[canal]]-irrigated land), '''nali''' or '''naili''' (fertile [[prairie]] tract between the [[Ghaggar-Hakra River|Ghaggar]] river and the southern limits of the [[Drishadvati river|Saraswati channel depression]] in northern Hissar district of Haryana that gets flooded during the rains),<ref name=nali1>https://archive.org/stream/imperialgazettee14grea/imperialgazettee14grea_djvu.txt "The imperial gazeteers of India, 1908"], [[British Raj]], page 288.]</ref> and Rangoi tract (an area irrigated by the '''Rangoi canal''' made for the purpose of carrying flood waters of Ghagghar river to dry areas).<ref name=rangoi1>1987, [http://revenueharyana.gov.in/html/gazeteers/gazetteer_india_hisar.pdf "gazetteer of India: Hisar District"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140501213030/http://revenueharyana.gov.in/html/gazeteers/gazetteer_india_hisar.pdf |date=1 May 2014 }}, page 7.</ref><ref name=landtypes1>1987, [http://revenueharyana.gov.in/html/gazeteers/hisar_1987/Revenue_Administration.pdf "Gazeteers of Hisar district, 1987"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107072120/http://revenueharyana.gov.in/html/gazeteers/hisar_1987/Revenue_Administration.pdf |date=7 November 2017 }}, [[Government of Haryana]], page 162.]</ref>

Hisar has fertile [[Alluvium|alluvial soil]] interspersed with highly permeable very sandy tracts in [[bagar tract]] several with [[water table]] more than 100 feet below ground containing [[brackish water]] usually unfit for human consumption, where [[dust storm]]s frequent during the warm summer months from April till the end of July when [[monsoon]] arrives. Previously, Hisar was solely based on the rain and irrigation was possible only in the ''nali'' region where the season [[Ghaggar-Hakra River|Ghaggar river]] flows in North Hisar. After the opening of [[Bhakra Nangal Dam]] canal system in 1963 as well as the earlier [[Western Yamuna Canal]] now irrigate most of Haryana including all of the Bagar region falling in Haryana on its western border. Opening of [[Indira Gandhi Canal]] in 1983 (specially Hansi Butana branches) brought the water of [[Sutlej]] and [[Beas]] rivers to the fields of Rajasthan including its Bagar tract stabilizing the sand dunes and soil erosion by preventing the expansion of desert.<ref name=bag1>E. Walter Coward, 1980, [https://books.google.com/books?isbn=0801498716 "Irrigation and Agricultural Development in Asia: Perspectives from the social sciences"], [[Cornell University]] press, page 302, {{ISBN|0801498716}}.</ref>

==Education==
{{Main|List_of_universities_and_colleges_in_Hisar| label 1 = Universities and colleges in Hisar}}
;Universities
* [[Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University]], initially founded as a campus of the Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana.
* [[Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences]]. A statue and memorial of [[Lala Lajpat Rai]] stands on the campus to commemorate this patriot.
* [[Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology]], founded in 1995, attracts students for higher education from all over the country and abroad.
* [[Om Sterling Global University]], private university

;Govt colleges:
There are 10 govt degree colleges in Hisar.<ref name=col1>[https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=auto&tl=en&u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jagran.com%2Fharyana%2Fhisar-hisar-gets-huge-share-in-haryana-budget-17638435.html colleges in Hsar]</ref>
* [[Govt. Post Graduate College, Hisar]]
* [[Govt. College for Girls, Hisar]]

; Private colleges:
* [[Dayanand college]]
* [[CRM JAT College]]
* [[Chhaju Ram Law College, Hisar]]
* [[Chhaju Ram College of Education, Hisar]]
* [[Fateh Chand College for Women (Lahore), Hisar]]
* [[Maharaja Agrasen Medical College, Agroha]]

;Schools
Hisar also has several [[List of schools in Hisar|renowned schools]] including [[Leading Angel Public School, Hisar]] (LAPS), [[Indus Public School, Hisar]] (IPS), [[Army Public School, Hisar]] (APS), [[Thakur Dass Bhargava Senior Secondary Model School]] , [[Vidya Devi Jindal School]] and [[O.P.JINDAL MODERN SCHOOL]] .

==Notable individuals==
Over the past three centuries Hisar had been the birthplace of individuals including Sardar Ishri Singh, Sardar Harji Ram and Rai Bahadur Sardar Nau Nihal Singh who were honorary magistrates in pre-Independence Hisar. Noteworthy individuals include the [[Lala Lajpat Rai]] (freedom fighter, elected member of Hisar municipal committee, founder of Hisar district congress (1986), [[Arya samaj]] (1986) and district bar council), Captain [[Abhimanyu Sindhu]] (entrepreneur, journalist, BJP national spokesperson and Minister in Haryana from [[Narnaul]] assembly constituency), late Dr. [[Gopi Chand Bhargava]] (First Chief Minister of joint Punjab), [[Om Prakash Jindal]] (former chairperson of Jindal Industries and Minister in Haryana government) and his wife [[Savitri Jindal]] (chairperson of Jindal Industries and Minister in Haryana government), [[Subhash Chandra]] (Chairman of Essel Group and [[Zee Network]] and BJP MP in Rajya Sabha), Amit Munjal, founder and [[CEO]] of [[:simple:DOCTOR INSTA|Doctor Insta]] and Former CFO of [[Citi Holdings]], [[Yash Tonk]] (Bollywood actor), [[Manish Joshi Bismil]] (theatre director), [[Vijay Kumar Singh|General V.K. Singh]] (Former Army Chief and Union Minister from BJP]], [[Dalbir Singh|General Dalbir Singh Suhag]] (former Army Chief).

==See also==
* [[Hisar (city)]]
* [[Hisar division]]
* [[Hisar Urban Agglomeration]]
* [[Hisar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)]]
* [[Hisar (Lok Sabha constituency)]]
* [[Asigarh Fort]] at [[Hansi]]
* [[Kanwari#Primary Mounds: Kanwari-1 .26 Kanwari-2|Kanwari Indus Valley Mound]] at [[Kanwari]]
* [[Tosham rock inscription]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [http://hisar.nic.in Hisar district official website]

{{Geographic location
|Centre = Hisar district
|North = [[Fatehabad district]]
|Northeast =
|East = [[Jind district]]
|Southeast = [[Rohtak district]]
|South = [[Bhiwani district]]
|Southwest =
|West = [[Hanumangarh district]], [[Rajasthan]]
|Northwest =
}}
{{Geography of India}}
{{Districts of Haryana}}
{{Authority control}}

{{Coord|29.1667|N|75.7167|E|source:wikidata|display=title}}

[[Category:Hisar district| ]]
[[Category:Districts of Haryana]]

Hisar district - Revision history

Drsuruchipuri: minor edit

>Jakirbhirani: Naam