JudyK9023223 at 21:25, 2 March 2025

2025-03-02T21:25:08Z

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{{Short description|Father of blue revolution in india}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox scientist
| honorific_prefix =
| name = Hiralal Chaudhuri
| honorific_suffix =
| image = Fisheries Scientist Hiralal Chaudhuri.jpg
| caption = Fisheries Scientist Hiralal Chaudhuri
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1921|11|21|df=y}}
| birth_place = Kubajpur, [[Sylhet]] (then ''Srihatta''), [[Assam]] (in present-day ''[[Bangladesh]]''), [[British India]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2014|09|12|1921|11|21|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Bidhannagar |Salt Lake]], [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]]<ref name=":1" />
| alma_mater = [[Bangabasi College]] ([[B.Sc.]]) Baliganj Science College ([[M.Sc.]]) [[Auburn University]] (MS degree) [[University of Calcutta]] ([[Ph.D.]]) [[Central Institute of Fisheries Education]] ([[D.Sc.]])
| field = [[Zoology]] [[Biology]] [[Fisheries science]] [[Fisheries management]] Induced reproduction in [[Carp]]
| work_institution = [[Murari Chand College]], [[Sylhet]] [[Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute]] [[University of the Philippines Los Baños]], [[Philippines]]
| academic_advisors = H. S. Swingle
| notable_students =
| known_for = Father of induced breeding in Carp Hypophysation [[Blue revolution]]
| spouse =
| awards = Chandrakala Hora Memorial Gold Medal, 1960 [[Rafi Ahmed Kidwai Award]] [[Gamma Sigma Delta]] Award Golden Key Award of the [[Auburn University]], USA World Aquaculture Award, 1994 D.Sc (Honorary) by [[Central Institute of Fisheries Education]], Mumbai
| signature = Signature of Hiralal Chaudhuri.svg
| footnotes =
}}

'''Dr. Hiralal Chaudhuri''' ({{IPA|bn|Hīrālāla caudhurī|lang}}; 21 November 1921{{spaced ndash}}12 September 2014) was an Indian [[Bengali Hindu|Bengali]] [[fisheries scientist]]. He is known as the "father of induced breeding" of the [[carp]]. The [[Blue revolution]] in India was developed on the basis of his work on seed production technology through Hypophysation.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|last=Mehta|first=Archit|date=2018-07-11|title=Have your fillet|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/have-your-fillet/article24389444.ece|access-date=2020-07-16|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=Datta|first=Subhendu|date=2015-07-22|title=Why Do We Celebrate Fish Farmers' Day on 10th July and Why Prof. (Dr.) Hiralal Choudhury is Remembered on This Day?|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/280245049|accessdate=1 June 2023}}</ref> He later led the way in intensive mixed farming to increase fish production in ponds.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-07-10|title=ICAR- CIFRI Celebrated National Fish Farmers Day|url=https://icar.org.in/node/6236|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716172101/https://icar.org.in/node/6236|archive-date=2020-07-16}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Hiralal Chaudhuri was born on 21 November 1921 in the village of Kubajpur, adjacent to the Surma Valley in [[Sylhet]] (then ''Srihatta''), [[Assam]] (in present-day ''[[Bangladesh]]''), [[British India]]. His father Girish Chandra Chaudhuri was a civil engineer and an officer of the Government of Assam. His mother was Soroshibala Chaudhuri. Chaudhuri was a very talented student from his early days. He completed his primary education at Laban Bengali Primary School, Shilong, and matriculated from Gomes School in Sylhet in 1936 with letters in four subjects. Due to being a meritorious student, on the basis of his [[Indian School Certificate|ISC]] results, he was admitted to [[Bangabasi College]], Calcutta. He completed his BSc with first class honours in 1941 and attained an MSc in [[Zoology]] from Baliganj Science College, [[University of Calcutta]] in 1943. In 1954, he went to the USA for special training under the guidance of H. S. Swingle at [[Auburn University]]. In 1955, he obtained an MS degree in [[Fisheries management]] from [[Auburn University]] in [[Alabama]], USA for his thesis paper on the effect of pituitary injection on pond fish reproduction.<ref name=":4" /> He then moved back to [[India]] and received PhD from [[University of Calcutta|Calcutta University]] in 1961.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|last=Mahapatra|first=Bijay|date=2014-10-01|title=Dr. Hiralal Chaudhuri – {{sic|Legendry|hide=y}} Father of Induced Breeding of fish is no more|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/272100674|journal=Fishing Chimes|volume=34|pages=6–7}}</ref> The subject of his research was the effect of pituitary injection on fish breeding. In 2010, the [[Central Institute of Fisheries Education]], [[Deemed University]] conferred on him the degree of DSc.<ref name=":4">{{Cite news|last=Primavera|first=Jurgenne H.|date=1998|title=Dr. Hiralal Chaudhuri: Father of induced breeding|language=en|volume=20|pages=11|work=SEAFDEC Asian Aquaculture|issue=2|url=https://repository.seafdec.org.ph/handle/10862/2864|access-date=2020-07-17|issn=0115-4974}}</ref>

== Professional career ==
After passing his MSc, he started teaching in the department of biology at [[Murari Chand College]], [[Sylhet]], but lost his job during the [[Partition of India]], along with five of his colleagues. He then migrated to India and joined the [[Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute]] (then known as the Manirampur Central Fisheries Station) near [[Barrackpore]] on 1 June 1948 as a junior research assistant. As well as working at the organisation's headquarters, he also researched at the CIFRI regional center at [[Cuttack]], [[Orissa]]. In Cuttack CIFRI center he served as junior research assistant from 1948–50, senior research assistant from 1950–55, fishery extension officer from 1959–60, was in charge of fish breeding from 1960–63 and became the officer-in-charge in 1964. He then worked in the Fish Culture Division of [[Bhubaneswar]] from 1971–75 (present day [[Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture]]).<ref name=":2" /> He served as a director of CIFRI several times, and held various posts until his retirement in 1993. From 1967–76, he worked as a Fishery Advisor at the Food and Agricultural Organization/United Nations Development Programme (FAO/UNDP) in Myanmar. After taking voluntary retirement from active government service, he joined the [[Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center]] (SEAFDEC) and served as a deputy director there from 1975–79. During 1988–93 he served as a visiting professor at [[University of the Philippines Los Baños|UPLB]] in the [[Philippines]].<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal|last1=Sharma|first1=Anil|last2=Mohanty|first2=Bimal|date=2015-01-25|title=Hiralal Chaudhuri (1921-2014) - PERSONAL NEWS|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271201611|journal=Current Science|volume=108|pages=286–287}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Part 1|url=https://krishi.icar.gov.in/jspui/bitstream/123456789/7667/1/2018_14_R%20K%20Manna_factors_wetlands.pdf|title=Sustainable Management of Aquatic Resources|publisher=Narandra Publishing House|year=2018|isbn=9789387590113|location=Delhi|pages=v}}</ref>

=== Induced breeding methods ===
While in the center of [[Barrackpore]], he noticed that oval-shaped transparent eggs came out as soon as he pressed the belly of fish floating in the tidal waters on the banks of the [[Ganges]]. After a few hours in a container, he saw the transmission of life. This phenomenon attracted Chaudhuri to think about the ''induced reproductive process'' in [[Carp]]. After nine years of research on fish [[endocrinology]] and [[physiology]] as a senior research assistant at Cuttack Fisheries Laboratory, on 10 July 1956,<ref name=":3" /> he succeeded in the induced breeding of carp species, which is considered to be one of the first basic works in [[zoology]]. He further continued his research on riverine [[Catfish]] to breed by injecting [[Pituitary gland|pituitary hormone]]. He also improved the hypophysation technique on ''[[Olive barb|Puntius sarana]]'', ''[[Cirrhinus mrigala]]'', ''[[Rohu|Labeo rohita]]'', and other [[Indian carp (disambiguation)|Indian carp]]. In 1958 Chaudhuri was the first person to successfully hybridise carps by crossing major and minor carps of the genera Labeo, Cirrhinus, and Catla.<ref name=":2" /> He also elaborated on the twelve new hybrids of the carp species, insect infestations in ponds and their remedies, and the methods of pond rearing in a scientific manner. At this time, different countries of the world, including [[Myanmar]] (then Burma), [[Laos|Lao PDR]], [[Fiji]], [[Sudan]], [[Malaysia]], and the [[Philippines]] sought his skills for successful fish breeding programs.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-09-13|title=বাঙালির মাছ-বিলাসের রূপকার বিজ্ঞানী হীরালাল চৌধুরীকে আমরা ভুলতে বসেছি|url=https://www.khaboronline.com/creative-writing/articles/let-us-not-forget-the-father-of-induced-breeding-prof-hiralal-chaudhuri/|access-date=2020-07-16|website=KhaborOnline|language=en-US|archive-date=13 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200713205352/https://www.khaboronline.com/creative-writing/articles/let-us-not-forget-the-father-of-induced-breeding-prof-hiralal-chaudhuri/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Honours ==
* Chandrakala Hora Memorial Gold Medal, 1960<ref>{{Cite web|title=INSA :: Awards Recipients|url=http://insaindia.res.in/recipients.php#chm|access-date=2020-07-16|website=insaindia.res.in|archive-date=16 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160916233840/http://insaindia.res.in/recipients.php#chm|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[Rafi Ahmed Kidwai Award]]
* [[Gamma Sigma Delta]] Award
* Golden Key Award of the [[Auburn University]], USA
* World Aquaculture Award, 1994<ref>{{Cite web|title=World Aquaculture Society {{!}} WAS Honorary Life Members - World Aquaculture Society|url=https://www.was.org/view/HonLifeMembers.aspx#.XxCLZKEza02|access-date=2020-07-16|website=www.was.org}}</ref>
* [[The Asiatic Society|Asiatic Society Award]], 6 May 2002
* Honorary [[D.Sc]] by [[Central Institute of Fisheries Education]], Mumbai
* ''Chair in Fisheries'' in the name of Hiralal Chaudhuri by [[University of Calcutta]]<ref name=":1" />
* In 2001 [[Indian Government]] announced 10 July as the ''National Fish Farmers Day'' to honor Prof. Chaudhuri.<ref name=":0" />
Hiralal Chaudhuri was honoured as the "Father of induced breeding" of the [[Carp]] and is also considered the pioneer of the global [[Blue revolution]].<ref>{{Cite journal|first1=Bhanu|last1=Prakash CH|first2=Sachin Onkar|last2=Khairnar|first3=Amit|last3=Mandal|first4=Anil|last4=Kumar|first5=Balwinder|last5=Kumar|year=2018|volume=6|issue=4|title=Composite fish farming: A review on economic enterprise for rural empowerment and livelihood generation|url=http://www.fisheriesjournal.com/archives/2018/vol6issue4/PartG/6-4-57-610.pdf|journal=International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies|pages=545–550|issn=2394-0506|eissn=2347-5129}}</ref> In September 1994, A conference on ''Applications of Endocrinology to Pacific Rim Aquaculture'' was organised in his honor at the [[Bodega Marine Reserve|Bodega Merin Laboratory]], [[University of California]].<ref name=":4" />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chaudhuri, Hiralal}}
[[Category:1921 births]]
[[Category:2014 deaths]]
[[Category:Fisheries scientists]]
[[Category:Scientists from West Bengal]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian zoologists]]
[[Category:University of Calcutta alumni]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the University of Calcutta]]
[[Category:Bengali Hindus]]
[[Category:Indian expatriate academics in the United States]]

Hiralal Chaudhuri - Revision history

JudyK9023223 at 21:25, 2 March 2025