Hindustan Ghadar - Revision history

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	==References==		==References==
	{{reflist}}		{{reflist}}
	~~{{Portal bar\|San Francisco Bay Area\|Journalism\|India}}~~

	==External links==		==External links==

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	{{~~refimprove~~\|date=December ~~2015~~}}		{{more citations needed\|date=December 2022}}
	[[File:Hindustan Ghadar article detailing arrest of Lala Hardayal (March 24, 1914).jpg\|thumb\|170px\|Ghadar Newspaper (Urdu) Vol. 1, No. 22, March 28, 1914]]		[[File:Hindustan Ghadar article detailing arrest of Lala Hardayal (March 24, 1914).jpg\|thumb\|170px\|Ghadar Newspaper (Urdu) Vol. 1, No. 22, March 28, 1914]]
	The '''''Hindustan Ghadar''''' ([[Hindi]]: हिन्दुस्तान ग़दर; [[Punjabi language\|Punjabi]]: {{small\|([[Gurmukhi]])}}: ਹਿੰਦੁਸਤਾਨ ਗ਼ਦਰ; [[Punjabi language\|Punjabi]] {{small\|([[Shahmukhi]])}}, [[Urdu]]: {{nq\|ہِندُوستان غدر}}) was a weekly publication that was the party organ of the [[Ghadar Party]]. It was published under the auspices of the ''[[Yugantar Ashram]]'' (Advent of a New Age [[Ashram]]) in [[San Francisco]]. Its purpose was to further the [[Revolutionary movement for Indian independence\|militant nationalist]] faction of the [[Indian independence movement]], especially amongst Indian [[sepoy]]s of the [[British Indian Army]].		The '''''Hindustan Ghadar''''' ([[Hindi]]: हिन्दुस्तान ग़दर; [[Punjabi language\|Punjabi]]: {{small\|([[Gurmukhi]])}}: ਹਿੰਦੁਸਤਾਨ ਗ਼ਦਰ; [[Punjabi language\|Punjabi]] {{small\|([[Shahmukhi]])}}, [[Urdu]]: {{nq\|ہِندُوستان غدر}}) was a weekly publication that was the party organ of the [[Ghadar Party]]. It was published under the auspices of the ''[[Yugantar Ashram]]'' (Advent of a New Age [[Ashram]]) in [[San Francisco]]. Its purpose was to further the [[Revolutionary movement for Indian independence\|militant nationalist]] faction of the [[Indian independence movement]], especially amongst Indian [[sepoy]]s of the [[British Indian Army]].

	In 1912–1913, the Pacific Coast Hindustan Association was formed by Indian immigrants under the leadership of [[Har Dayal]], with [[Sohan Singh Bhakna]] as its president, which later came to be called the [[Ghadar Party]]. With donations raised with the help of the Indian diaspora, especially with the aid of Indian students at the [[University of California, Berkeley]], the party established the Yugantar Ashram at 436 Hill Street where a printing press was set up with the donations. The first [[Urdu]] edition of Hindustan Ghadar appeared on 1 November 1913, followed by a Punjabi edition 9 December 1913.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/SSEAL/echoes/chapter7/chapter7.html \|title=Echoes of Freedom: South Asian Pioneers in California, 1899-1965 \| Chapter 7: Gadar \|publisher=Lib.berkeley.edu \|date=1913-11-01 \|access-date=2015-12-08}}</ref>		In 1912–1913, the Pacific Coast Hindustan Association was formed by Indian immigrants under the leadership of [[Har Dayal]], with [[Sohan Singh Bhakna]] as its president, which later came to be called the [[Ghadar Party]]. With donations raised with the help of the Indian diaspora, especially with the aid of Indian students at the [[University of California, Berkeley]], the party established the Yugantar Ashram at 436 Hill Street where a printing press was set up with the donations. The first [[Urdu]] edition of Hindustan Ghadar appeared on 1 November 1913, followed by a Punjabi edition 9 December 1913.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/SSEAL/echoes/chapter7/chapter7.html \|title=Echoes of Freedom: South Asian Pioneers in California, 1899-1965 \| Chapter 7: Gadar \|publisher=Lib.berkeley.edu \|date=1913-11-01 \|access-date=2015-12-08}}</ref>
	The issues were first handwritten before being printed on the press. Careful measures were taken to shield the party and its supporters from British intelligence, which included the measure of memorising over a thousand names of the subscribers so that no incriminating evidence could fall into the hands of the British government.		The issues were first handwritten before being printed on the press. Careful measures were taken to shield the party and its supporters from British intelligence, which included the measure of memorising over a thousand names of the subscribers so that no incriminating evidence could fall into the hands of the British government.

	The articles in the paper were initially authored by Har Dayal, with the printing operation run by [[Kartar Singh Sarabha]], then a student of [[University of California, Berkeley\|UC Berkeley]]. Copies of the paper began to be shipped to India with returning Ghadarites and immigrants, and were quickly deemed to be seditious and banned by the British Indian government. Later publications from the Yugantar Ashram included compilations of nationalist compositions and pamphlets, including [[Ghadar di gunj]], [[Talwar]] and other publications which were also banned from British India.		The articles in the paper were initially authored by Har Dayal, with the printing operation run by [[Kartar Singh Sarabha]], then a student of [[University of California, Berkeley\|UC Berkeley]]. Copies of the paper began to be shipped to India with returning Ghadarites and immigrants, and were quickly deemed to be seditious and banned by the British Indian government. Later publications from the Yugantar Ashram included compilations of nationalist compositions and pamphlets, including [[Ghadar di gunj]], [[Talwar]] and other publications which were also banned from British India.
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	{{reflist}}		{{reflist}}
	{{Portal bar\|San Francisco Bay Area\|Journalism\|India}}		{{Portal bar\|San Francisco Bay Area\|Journalism\|India}}

	==External links==		==External links==
	*[http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/SSEAL/echoes/chapter7/chapter7.html Echoes of Freedom: South Asian pioneers in California 1899-1965]. University of California, Berkeley. Bancroft Library.		*[http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/SSEAL/echoes/chapter7/chapter7.html Echoes of Freedom: South Asian pioneers in California 1899-1965]. University of California, Berkeley. Bancroft Library.
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	{{Ghadar Conspiracy\|state=collapsed}}		{{Ghadar Conspiracy\|state=collapsed}}
	{{Indian Revolutionary Movement}}		{{Indian Revolutionary Movement}}

	[[Category:Asian-American culture in San Francisco]]		[[Category:Asian-American culture in San Francisco]]
	[[Category:Ghadar Party]]		[[Category:Ghadar Party]]
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	[[Category:1913 establishments in California]]		[[Category:1913 establishments in California]]
			[[Category:Weekly newspapers published in California]]

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{{refimprove|date=December 2015}}
[[File:Hindustan Ghadar article detailing arrest of Lala Hardayal (March 24, 1914).jpg|thumb|170px|Ghadar Newspaper (Urdu) Vol. 1, No. 22, March 28, 1914]]
The '''''Hindustan Ghadar''''' ([[Hindi]]: हिन्दुस्तान ग़दर; [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]: {{small|([[Gurmukhi]])}}: ਹਿੰਦੁਸਤਾਨ ਗ਼ਦਰ; [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] {{small|([[Shahmukhi]])}}, [[Urdu]]: {{nq|ہِندُوستان غدر}}) was a weekly publication that was the party organ of the [[Ghadar Party]]. It was published under the auspices of the ''[[Yugantar Ashram]]'' (Advent of a New Age [[Ashram]]) in [[San Francisco]]. Its purpose was to further the [[Revolutionary movement for Indian independence|militant nationalist]] faction of the [[Indian independence movement]], especially amongst Indian [[sepoy]]s of the [[British Indian Army]].

In 1912–1913, the Pacific Coast Hindustan Association was formed by Indian immigrants under the leadership of [[Har Dayal]], with [[Sohan Singh Bhakna]] as its president, which later came to be called the [[Ghadar Party]]. With donations raised with the help of the Indian diaspora, especially with the aid of Indian students at the [[University of California, Berkeley]], the party established the Yugantar Ashram at 436 Hill Street where a printing press was set up with the donations. The first [[Urdu]] edition of Hindustan Ghadar appeared on 1 November 1913, followed by a Punjabi edition 9 December 1913.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/SSEAL/echoes/chapter7/chapter7.html |title=Echoes of Freedom: South Asian Pioneers in California, 1899-1965 | Chapter 7: Gadar |publisher=Lib.berkeley.edu |date=1913-11-01 |access-date=2015-12-08}}</ref>
The issues were first handwritten before being printed on the press. Careful measures were taken to shield the party and its supporters from British intelligence, which included the measure of memorising over a thousand names of the subscribers so that no incriminating evidence could fall into the hands of the British government.

The articles in the paper were initially authored by Har Dayal, with the printing operation run by [[Kartar Singh Sarabha]], then a student of [[University of California, Berkeley|UC Berkeley]]. Copies of the paper began to be shipped to India with returning Ghadarites and immigrants, and were quickly deemed to be seditious and banned by the British Indian government. Later publications from the Yugantar Ashram included compilations of nationalist compositions and pamphlets, including [[Ghadar di gunj]], [[Talwar]] and other publications which were also banned from British India.

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Portal bar|San Francisco Bay Area|Journalism|India}}
==External links==
*[http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/SSEAL/echoes/chapter7/chapter7.html Echoes of Freedom: South Asian pioneers in California 1899-1965]. University of California, Berkeley. Bancroft Library.
* {{Citation
| surname1 = Hoover
| given1 = Karl
| year = 1985
| title = The Hindu Conspiracy in California, 1913-1918. German Studies Review, Vol. 8, No. 2. (May, 1985), pp. 245-261
| publisher = German Studies Association
| issn = 0149-7952
}}.
* {{Citation
| surname1 = Brown
| given1 = Giles
| year = 1948
| title = The Hindu Conspiracy, 1914-1917.The Pacific Historical Review, Vol. 17, No. 3. (Aug., 1948), pp. 299-310
| publisher = University of California Press
| issn = 0030-8684
}}.
*{{Citation
| surname1 = Puri
| given1 = Harish K
| year = 1980
| title = Revolutionary Organization: A Study of the Ghadar Movement. Social Scientist, Vol. 9, No. 2/3. (Sep. - Oct., 1980), pp. 53-66
| publisher = Social Scientist
| issn = 0970-0293
}}.
{{Ghadar Conspiracy|state=collapsed}}
{{Indian Revolutionary Movement}}
[[Category:Asian-American culture in San Francisco]]
[[Category:Ghadar Party]]
[[Category:Indian-American culture in California]]
[[Category:Literature of Indian independence movement]]
[[Category:Newspapers published in San Francisco]]
[[Category:Non-English-language newspapers published in California]]
[[Category:Pakistani-American culture in California]]
[[Category:Punjabi-American culture]]
[[Category:Revolutionary movement for Indian independence]]
[[Category:Urdu-language newspapers published in the United States]]
[[Category:1913 establishments in California]]