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Deities

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:12, 26 November 2022
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	* [[Dashavatara]] (Ten Incarnations of [[Vishnu]])		* [[Dashavatara]] (Ten Incarnations of [[Vishnu]])
	* [[Navdurga]] (Nine Incarnations of [[Durga]])		* [[Navdurga]] (Nine Incarnations of [[Durga]])
			* [[Draft:Vaishnavivati (goddess)\|Vaishnavivati]] (consort of the Hindu Gods [[Ashvins]])
	* [[Rudras]] (11 Incarnations of Shiva)		* [[Rudras]] (11 Incarnations of Shiva)
	* [[Adityas]] (Sons of Aditi)		* [[Adityas]] (Sons of Aditi)

WikiDwarf: Undo revision 359887 by 172.70.218.191 (talk)

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Undo revision 359887 by 172.70.218.191 (talk)

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:20, 26 November 2022
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	* [[Dashavatara]] (Ten Incarnations of [[Vishnu]])		* [[Dashavatara]] (Ten Incarnations of [[Vishnu]])
	* [[Navdurga]] (Nine Incarnations of [[Durga]])		* [[Navdurga]] (Nine Incarnations of [[Durga]])
	* [[Draft:Vaishnavivati (goddess)\|Vaishnavivati]] (Wife of the [[Ashvins]])
	* [[Rudras]] (11 Incarnations of Shiva)		* [[Rudras]] (11 Incarnations of Shiva)
	* [[Adityas]] (Sons of Aditi)		* [[Adityas]] (Sons of Aditi)

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Deities

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:03, 26 November 2022
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	* [[Dashavatara]] (Ten Incarnations of [[Vishnu]])		* [[Dashavatara]] (Ten Incarnations of [[Vishnu]])
	* [[Navdurga]] (Nine Incarnations of [[Durga]])		* [[Navdurga]] (Nine Incarnations of [[Durga]])
			* [[Draft:Vaishnavivati (goddess)\|Vaishnavivati]] (Wife of the [[Ashvins]])
	* [[Rudras]] (11 Incarnations of Shiva)		* [[Rudras]] (11 Incarnations of Shiva)
	* [[Adityas]] (Sons of Aditi)		* [[Adityas]] (Sons of Aditi)

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← Older revision		Revision as of 10:22, 18 April 2022
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	{{div col}}		{{div col}}
	* [[Brahman]]		* [[Brahman]]
			* [[Goloka]]
	* [[Hiranyagarbha]]		* [[Hiranyagarbha]]
	* [[Kailasa]]		* [[Kailasa]]
	* [[Prithvi]]		* [[Prithvi]]
	* [[Patala]]		* [[Patala]]
	* [[Sarvaloka]]
	* [[Svarga]]		* [[Svarga]]
	* [[Naraka (Hinduism)\|Naraka]]		* [[Naraka (Hinduism)\|Naraka]]
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	* [[Ganesha]]		* [[Ganesha]]
	* [[Krishna]] (God of [[Goloka]])		* [[Krishna]] (God of [[Goloka]])
			* [[Radha]] (Goddess of [[Goloka]])
	* [[Kartikeya]]		* [[Kartikeya]]
	* [[Rama]] (Incarnation of Lord [[Vishnu]])		* [[Rama]] (Incarnation of Lord [[Vishnu]])
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	* [[Rukmini]] (Incarnation of Goddess [[Lakshmi]])		* [[Rukmini]] (Incarnation of Goddess [[Lakshmi]])
	* [[Satyabhama]] (Incarnation of Mother Earth [[Bhudevi]] or [[Prithvi]])		* [[Satyabhama]] (Incarnation of Mother Earth [[Bhudevi]] or [[Prithvi]])
	* [[Radha]] (Goddess of [[Goloka]])
	* [[Dashavatara]] (Ten Incarnations of [[Vishnu]])		* [[Dashavatara]] (Ten Incarnations of [[Vishnu]])
	* [[Navdurga]] (Nine Incarnations of [[Durga]])		* [[Navdurga]] (Nine Incarnations of [[Durga]])

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New page

{{Short description|Mythology in India}}
{{EngvarB|date=August 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2015}}
{{Hinduism}}{{Hindu mythology}}
{{Mythology}}

'''Hindu mythology''' is a body of [[myths]] found in [[Hindu texts]] such as the [[Vedas|Vedic]] literature,{{sfn|Macdonell|1978|p=1–9}} [[Sanskrit epics|epics]] like ''[[Mahabharata]]'' and ''[[Ramayana]]'',{{sfn|Washburn Hopkins|1986|pp=1–3}} the [[Puranas]],{{sfn|Bonnefoy|1993|p=90–101}} and regional literature like the [[Tamil language|Tamil]] ''[[Periya Puranam]]'' and [[Naalayira Divya Prabandham]], and the ''[[Mangal-Kāvya|Mangal Kavya]]'' of Bengal. Hindu mythology is also found in widely translated popular texts such as the fables of the ''[[Panchatantra]]'' and the ''[[Hitopadesha]]'', as well as in [[Southeast Asia]]n texts.{{sfn|Olivelle|1999|p=xii–xiii}}{{sfn|Waldau|Patton|2009|p=186, 680}}

== Primary sources ==
{{Expand section|date=May 2021}}
{{div col}}
* [[Vedas]]
** [[Rigveda|Rig]]
** [[Samaveda|Sama]]
** [[Yajurveda|Yajur]]
** [[Atharvaveda|Atharva]]
* [[Itihasa]]
** [[Ramayana]]
** [[Mahabharata]]
* Maha-[[Puranas]]
**[[Agni Purana]]
**[[Brahma Purana]]
**[[Brahmanda Purana]]
**[[Bhagavata Purana]]
**[[Devi-Bhagavata Purana]]
**[[Garuda Purana]]
**[[Kurma Purana]]
**[[Shiva Purana]]
**[[Skanda Purana]]
**[[Markandeya Purana]]
**[[Matsya Purana]]
**[[Narada Purana]]
**[[Linga Purana]]
**[[Padma Purana]]
**[[Varaha Purana]]
**[[Vayu Purana]]
**[[Vishnu Purana]]
{{div col end}}

==Mythical themes and types==
[[File: Depictions of episodes from Hindu mythology.jpg|thumb|Depictions of episodes from Hindu mythology]]

Academic studies of [[mythology]] often define mythology as deeply valued stories that explain a society's existence and world order: those narratives of a society's creation, the society's origins and foundations, their god(s), their original heroes, mankind's connection to the "divine", and their narratives of [[eschatology]] (what happens in the "after-life"). This is a very general outline of some of the basic sacred stories with those themes. In its broadest academic sense, the word ''myth'' simply means a traditional story. However, many scholars restrict the term "myth" to sacred stories.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.faculty.de.gcsu.edu/~mmagouli/defmyth.htm#SACRED |title=What is a Myth? |access-date=2007-06-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070807181158/http://www.faculty.de.gcsu.edu/~mmagouli/defmyth.htm#SACRED |archive-date=2007-08-07 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Folklorists]] often go further, defining myths as "tales believed as true, usually sacred, set in the distant past or other worlds or parts of the world, and with extra-human, inhuman, or heroic characters".<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.faculty.de.gcsu.edu/~mmagouli/defmyth.htm#DEFINING%20MYTH |title=Defining myth |access-date=2007-06-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070807181158/http://www.faculty.de.gcsu.edu/~mmagouli/defmyth.htm#DEFINING%20MYTH |archive-date=2007-08-07 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

In [[Ancient Greek language|classical Greek]], ''muthos'', from which the English word ''myth'' derives, meant "story, narrative." Hindu mythology does not often have a consistent, monolithic structure. The same myth typically appears in various versions, and can be represented differently across different regional and socio-religious traditions.{{sfn|Suthren Hirst|1998}} Many of these legends evolve across these texts, where the character names change or the story is embellished with greater details.{{sfn|Suthren Hirst|1998}}{{sfn|Doniger O'Flaherty|1975|p=11, 21–22}} According to Suthren Hirst, these myths have been given a complex range of interpretations.{{sfn|Suthren Hirst|1998}} While according to Doniger O'Flaherty, the central message and moral values remain the same.{{sfn|Doniger O'Flaherty|1975|p=11, 21–22}} They have been modified by various philosophical schools over time, and are taken to have deeper, often symbolic, meaning.{{sfn|Suthren Hirst|1998}}

=== Cosmology ===
{{Expand section|date=May 2021}}
{{div col}}
* [[Brahman]]
* [[Hiranyagarbha]]
* [[Kailasa]]
* [[Prithvi]]
* [[Patala]]
* [[Sarvaloka]]
* [[Svarga]]
* [[Naraka (Hinduism)|Naraka]]
* [[Vaikuntha]]
{{div col end}}

=== Deities ===
{{Expand section|date=July 2021}}
* [[Shiva]]
* [[Brahma]]
* [[Vishnu]]
* [[Indra]]
* [[Saraswati]]
* [[Lakshmi]]
* [[Parvati]] (Incarnation of Goddess [[Shakti]])
* [[Ganesha]]
* [[Krishna]] (God of [[Goloka]])
* [[Kartikeya]]
* [[Rama]] (Incarnation of Lord [[Vishnu]])
* [[Kali]] (Incarnation of Goddess [[Durga]])
* [[Durga]] (Incarnation of Goddess [[Parvati]])
* [[Agni]]
* [[Shakti]]
* [[Vayu]]
* [[Surya]]
* [[Varuna]]
* [[Hanuman]] (Incarnation of Lord [[Shiva]])
* [[Sita]] (Incarnation of Goddess [[Lakshmi]])
* [[Sati (Hindu goddess)|Sati]] (Incarnation of Goddess [[Shakti]])
* [[Kubera]]
* [[Parshurama]] (Incarnation of Lord [[Vishnu]])
* [[Yama]]
* [[Chandra]]
* [[Balrama]] (Incarnation of Lord [[Shesha|Sheshnag]])
* [[Rukmini]] (Incarnation of Goddess [[Lakshmi]])
* [[Satyabhama]] (Incarnation of Mother Earth [[Bhudevi]] or [[Prithvi]])
* [[Radha]] (Goddess of [[Goloka]])
* [[Dashavatara]] (Ten Incarnations of [[Vishnu]])
* [[Navdurga]] (Nine Incarnations of [[Durga]])
* [[Rudras]] (11 Incarnations of Shiva)
* [[Adityas]] (Sons of Aditi)
* [[Golu Devta]]

=== Connections to other belief systems ===
{{Expand section|date=July 2021}}
[[Hinduism]] shares [[mytheme]]s with [[Buddhism]], [[Jainism]], and [[Sikhism]].

==See also==
{{Portal|India|Hinduism}}
{{col div|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Dashavatara]]
* [[Greek mythology]]
* [[Hindu cosmology]]
* [[Hindu deities]]
* [[Hindu eschatology]]
* [[Hindu scriptures]]
* [[Kanglei mythology]]
* [[Proto-Indo-European religion]]
* [[Proto-Indo-Iranian religion]]
* [[Puranic chronology]]
* [[Saga]]
* [[Vedic mythology]]
{{div col end}}

== Citations ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== General sources ==
{{Refbegin}}

* {{cite book|last =Bonnefoy| first =Yves | year =1993| title =Asian Mythologies |publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-06456-7|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r4I-FsZCzJEC}}

* {{Citation | last =Doniger O'Flaherty | first =Wendy | year =1975 | title =Hindu epics: A Sourcebook translated from the Sanskrit | publisher =Penguin | isbn =978-0140449907}}

* {{cite book|last =Washburn Hopkins | first =Edward | year =1986 | title =Epic Mythology|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|isbn=978-81-208-0227-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ingAMQAACAAJ}}

* {{cite book | last =Macdonell | first =Arthur Anthony | year =1978 | title =Vedic Mythology | publisher =Motilal Banarsidass | edition =(reprint) | isbn =978-81-208-1113-3 | url =https://books.google.com/books?id=b7Meabtj8mcC}}

* {{cite book|last =Olivelle | first =Patrick | author-link =Patrick Olivelle | year =1999 | title=Pañcatantra: The Book of India's Folk Wisdom|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-283988-6|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-BQj8cz0vvMC}}

* {{Citation | last =Suthren Hirst | first =Jacqueline | author-link =Jacqueline Suthren Hirst | year =1998 | chapter =Myth and history | editor-last =Bowen | editor-first =Paul | title =Themes and Issues in Hinduism | publisher =Cassell}}

* {{cite book|last1=Waldau | first1 =Paul |last2=Patton | first2 =Kimberley | year =2009| title =A Communion of Subjects: Animals in Religion, Science, and Ethics|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=978-0-231-13643-3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5k6rAgAAQBAJ}}
{{Refend}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite book |last1=Bhairav |first1=J Furcifer |author2=Rakesh Khanna |year=2020 |title=Ghosts, Monsters, and Demons of India |url=https://www.blaft.com/collections/new-arrivals/products/ghosts-monsters-and-demons-of-india |publisher=Blaft Publications Private Limited |isbn=9789380636467 |oclc=1259298225}}
* {{cite book |last=Brockington |first=J. L. |title=The Sanskrit Epics |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HR-_LK5kl18C |year=1998 |publisher=BRILL Academic |isbn=90-04-10260-4}}
* {{cite book |last1=Buitenen |first1=J. A. B. van |last2=Dimmitt |first2=Cornelia |year=1978 |title=Classical Hindu Mythology: A Reader in the Sanskrit Puranas |location=Philadelphia |publisher=Temple University Press |isbn=0-87722-122-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZBUHAAAAQAAJ}}
* {{cite book |last=Campbell |first=Joseph |author-link=Joseph Campbell |year=2003 |title=Myths of Light: Eastern Metaphors of the Eternal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OWdqt29UDGYC |location=Novato, Calif. |publisher=New World Library |isbn=1-57731-403-4}}
* {{cite book |last=Dalal |first=Roshen |year=2010 |title=Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DH0vmD8ghdMC |publisher=Penguin Books India |isbn=978-0-14-341421-6}}
* {{cite book |last=Dallapiccola |first=Anna L. |year=2002 |title=[[Dictionary of Hindu Lore and Legend]] |isbn=0-500-51088-1}}
* {{cite book |last=Dimitrova |first=Stefania |year=2017 |title=The Day of Brahma: The Myths of India—Epics of Human Destiny |publisher=Alpha-Omega |isbn=978-954-9694-27-7 }}
* {{cite book |last=Dowson |first=John |year=1888 |title=A Classical Dictionary of Hindu Mythology and Religion, Geography, History, and Literature |url=https://archive.org/stream/aclassicaldictio00dowsuoft#page/n27/mode/2up |location=London |publisher=Trubner & Co.}}
* {{cite book |last=Krishna |first=Nanditha |author-link=Nanditha Krishna |year=2009 |title=The Book of Vishnu |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f9cSlaLMlgEC |publisher=Penguin Books India |isbn=978-0-14-306762-7}}
* {{cite book |last=Krishna |first=Nanditha |year=2010 |title=Sacred Animals of India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J3NU35nngxEC |publisher=Penguin Books India |isbn=978-0-14-306619-4}}
* {{cite book |last=Macdonell |first=Arthur Anthony |author-link=Arthur Anthony Macdonell |year=1995 |title=Vedic Mythology |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |location=Delhi |isbn=81-208-1113-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b7Meabtj8mcC}}
* {{cite book |last=Pattanaik |first=Devdutt |author-link=Devdutt Pattanaik |year=2003 |title=Indian Mythology: Tales, Symbols, and Rituals from the Heart of the Subcontinent |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zdkswFlJtjQC |publisher=Inner Traditions/Bear & Company |ISBN=0-89281-870-0}}
* {{cite book |last=Rao |first=T. A. Gopinatha |year=1914 |title=Elements of Hindu Iconography |volume=1: Part I |location=Madras |publisher=Law Printing House}}
* {{cite book |last=Walker |first=Benjamin |author-link=Benjamin Walker (author) |year=1968 |title=Hindu World: An Encyclopedic Survey of Hinduism |location=London |publisher=Allen & Unwin}}
* {{cite book |last=Wilkins |first=W. J. |year=1882 |title=Hindu Mythology, Vedic and Purānic |url=https://archive.org/details/hindumythologyv00wilkgoog |publisher=Thacker, Spink & Co.}}
* {{cite book |last=Williams |first=George M. |year=2008 |title=Handbook of Hindu Mythology |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N7LOZfwCDpEC |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-533261-2}}

== External links ==
{{Wikiquote}}
* [http://www.claysanskritlibrary.org Clay Sanskrit Library] publishes classical Indian literature, including the Mahabharata and Ramayana, with facing-page text and translation. Also offers searchable corpus and downloadable materials.
* [http://sanskritdocuments.org Sanskrit Documents Collection]: Documents in ITX format of Upanishads, Stotras etc.

{{Hindu Culture and Epics}}
{{Hindudharma}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Hindu mythology| ]]

Hindu mythology - Revision history

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