Hill Forts of Rajasthan - Revision history

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← Older revision		Revision as of 17:46, 3 August 2022
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	{{short description\|UNESCO World Heritage Site in northern India}}		{{short description\|UNESCO World Heritage Site in northern India}}
			{{Use dmy dates\|date=May 2022}}
			{{Use Indian English\|date=May 2022}}
	{{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site		{{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site
	\| image = Jaipur 03-2016 04 Amber Fort.jpg		\| image = Jaipur 03-2016 04 Amber Fort.jpg
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	The North Western Indian State of [[Rajasthan]] has over one hundred fortifications on hills and mountainous terrain. Six '''Hill Forts of Rajasthan''', spread across [[Rajasthan]] state in northern [[India]], have been clustered as a series and designated [[UNESCO World Heritage Site]]. The ‘Hill Forts of Rajasthan’ was initially submitted to the UNESCO as a serial property formed by five Rajput forts in the [[Aravalli Range]],<ref name="Kohli2004">{{citation \|last=Kohli \|first=M.S. \|title=Mountains of India: Tourism, Adventure, Pilgrimage \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GIs4zv17HHwC&pg=PA29 \|year=2004 \|publisher=Indus Publishing \|isbn=978-81-7387-135-1 \|pages=29–}}</ref> and were built and enhanced between the 5th and 18th centuries CE by several [[Rajput]] kings of different [[Realm\|kingdoms]]. The UNESCO series has been increased to six forts. They consist of:		The North Western Indian State of [[Rajasthan]] has over one hundred fortifications on hills and mountainous terrain. Six '''Hill Forts of Rajasthan''', spread across [[Rajasthan]] state in northern [[India]], have been clustered as a series and designated [[UNESCO World Heritage Site]]. The ‘Hill Forts of Rajasthan’ was initially submitted to the UNESCO as a serial property formed by five Rajput forts in the [[Aravalli Range]],<ref name="Kohli2004">{{citation \|last=Kohli \|first=M.S. \|title=Mountains of India: Tourism, Adventure, Pilgrimage \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GIs4zv17HHwC&pg=PA29 \|year=2004 \|publisher=Indus Publishing \|isbn=978-81-7387-135-1 \|pages=29–}}</ref> and were built and enhanced between the 5th and 18th centuries CE by several [[Rajput]] kings of different [[Realm\|kingdoms]]. The UNESCO series has been increased to six forts. They consist of:

	# [[Chittor Fort]] at [[Chittorgarh]]		# [[Chittor Fort]] at [[Chittorgarh\|Chittorgarh city]]
	# [[Kumbhalgarh\|Kumbhalgarh Fort]] at [[~~Kumbhalgarh~~]]		# [[Kumbhalgarh\|Kumbhalgarh Fort]] at [[Rajsamand\|Rajsamand city]]
	# [[Ranthambore Fort]] at [[Sawai Madhopur]]		# [[Ranthambore Fort]] at [[Sawai Madhopur]]
	# [[Gagron Fort]] at [[Jhalawar]]		# [[Gagron Fort]] at [[Jhalawar\|Jhalawar city]]
	# [[Amber Fort\|Amer Fort]] at [[Jaipur]]		# [[Amber Fort\|Amer Fort]] at [[Jaipur\|Jaipur city]]
	# [[Jaisalmer Fort]] at [[Jaisalmer]]		# [[Jaisalmer Fort]] at [[Jaisalmer\|Jaisalmer city]]

	Some of these forts have defensive fortification wall up to 20 km long, still surviving urban centers and still in use water harvesting mechanism.<ref name=HFR1>[https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/247 UNESCO Hill Forts of Rajasthan, UNESCO website]</ref>		Some of these forts have defensive fortification wall up to 20 km long, still surviving urban centers and still in use water harvesting mechanism.<ref name=HFR1>[https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/247 UNESCO Hill Forts of Rajasthan, UNESCO website]</ref>
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	The State party of Rajasthan presented an overview of the process for the selection of component sites for the series of Hill Forts and the criteria selected. The criteria set resulting in the selection process followed the four following perimeters: The forts adapted to the ''Geography of the Hilltops'', the fortifications were ''power'' ''centers'', they included ''sacred grounds'', and the fort was designed with ''urban'' ''settlements.''		The State party of Rajasthan presented an overview of the process for the selection of component sites for the series of Hill Forts and the criteria selected. The criteria set resulting in the selection process followed the four following perimeters: The forts adapted to the ''Geography of the Hilltops'', the fortifications were ''power'' ''centers'', they included ''sacred grounds'', and the fort was designed with ''urban'' ''settlements.''

	Rajputs adhered to architectural texts that categorized different typologies of fortifications based on their geography. The earliest literary references differentiated four types of forts; Hilltop Forts, Water Forts, Forest Forts, and Desert Forts. This series of world heritage sites was created solely on the Hilltop Forts of Rajasthan. This and excluded many forts solely based on typology such as [[Junagarh Fort]] which is a ground fort. Furthermore forts that were not designed for urban settlement were excluded{{Citation needed\|date=August 2020}}. [[Mehrangarh]], although situated on a hilltop, was a fortified [[citadel]] for the court which lacked an urban settlement for the civilians.		Rajputs adhered to architectural texts that categorized different typologies of fortifications based on their geography. The earliest literary references differentiated four types of forts; Hilltop Forts, Water Forts, Forest Forts, and Desert Forts. This series of world heritage sites was created solely on the Hilltop Forts of Rajasthan. This and excluded many forts solely based on typology such as [[Junagarh Fort]] which is a ground fort. Furthermore forts that were not designed for urban settlement were excluded{{Citation needed \|date=August 2020}}. [[Mehrangarh]], although situated on a hilltop, was a fortified [[citadel]] for the court which lacked an urban settlement for the civilians.

	An initial list ''Forts of Rajasthan'' was created based on all forts recorded by the [[Archaeological Survey of India]]. Of the hundreds of fortifications, 54 forts were further examined as they shared integral characteristics of Rajput military architecture. The State party explained how from this initial listing, a smaller group was selected made of 24 of the most significant forts of Rajasthan which all shared key aspects of Rajput Fortifications. This number was soon shortlisted to 13. From this list five forts were initially selected, all of which were located on the Aravalli Range, and belonged to different clans. The sixth fort, Jaisalmer was later added into the series.		An initial list ''Forts of Rajasthan'' was created based on all forts recorded by the [[Archaeological Survey of India]]. Of the hundreds of fortifications, 54 forts were further examined as they shared integral characteristics of Rajput military architecture. The State party explained how from this initial listing, a smaller group was selected made of 24 of the most significant forts of Rajasthan which all shared key aspects of Rajput Fortifications. This number was soon shortlisted to 13. From this list five forts were initially selected, all of which were located on the Aravalli Range, and belonged to different clans. The sixth fort, Jaisalmer was later added into the series.
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	\|File:Jaisalmer Fort.jpg\|[[Jaisalmer]]		\|File:Jaisalmer Fort.jpg\|[[Jaisalmer]]
	\|File:Aerial view of Kumbhalgarh.jpg\|Aerial view of [[Kumbhalgarh Fort]]		\|File:Aerial view of Kumbhalgarh.jpg\|Aerial view of [[Kumbhalgarh Fort]]
	\|File:Temple in Kumbalgarh fortress 01.JPG\|~~Jain~~ Temple, [[Kumbhalgarh Fort]]		\|File:Temple in Kumbalgarh fortress 01.JPG\|Trikuta Temple [[Kumbhalgarh Fort]]
	\|File:Looking down on Ranthambore Fort.jpg\|[[Ranthambhore Fort]]		\|File:Looking down on Ranthambore Fort.jpg\|[[Ranthambhore Fort]]
	\|File:Ranthambore Fort Jain Temple.jpg\|Jain Temple, [[Ranthambore Fort]]		\|File:Ranthambore Fort Jain Temple.jpg\|Jain Temple, [[Ranthambore Fort]]

>Asmitghosh3 at 07:30, 15 October 2021

2021-10-15T07:30:34Z

New page

{{short description|UNESCO World Heritage Site in northern India}}
{{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site
| image = Jaipur 03-2016 04 Amber Fort.jpg
| image_upright = 1.2
| caption = Amber Fort at Jaipur
| location = [[Rajasthan]], [[India]]
| includes = {{flatlist|
#[[Chittor Fort]]
#[[Kumbhalgarh Fort]]
#[[Ranthambore Fort]]
#[[Gagron Fort]]
#[[Amber Fort]]
#[[Jaisalmer Fort]]
}}
| criteria = {{UNESCO WHS type|(ii), (iii)}}(ii), (iii)
| ID = 247rev
| year = 2013
| embedded = {{Location map many
| Rajasthan#India
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The North Western Indian State of [[Rajasthan]] has over one hundred fortifications on hills and mountainous terrain. Six '''Hill Forts of Rajasthan''', spread across [[Rajasthan]] state in northern [[India]], have been clustered as a series and designated [[UNESCO World Heritage Site]]. The ‘Hill Forts of Rajasthan’ was initially submitted to the UNESCO as a serial property formed by five Rajput forts in the [[Aravalli Range]],<ref name="Kohli2004">{{citation |last=Kohli |first=M.S. |title=Mountains of India: Tourism, Adventure, Pilgrimage |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GIs4zv17HHwC&pg=PA29 |year=2004 |publisher=Indus Publishing |isbn=978-81-7387-135-1 |pages=29–}}</ref> and were built and enhanced between the 5th and 18th centuries CE by several [[Rajput]] kings of different [[Realm|kingdoms]]. The UNESCO series has been increased to six forts. They consist of:

# [[Chittor Fort]] at [[Chittorgarh]]
# [[Kumbhalgarh|Kumbhalgarh Fort]] at [[Kumbhalgarh]]
# [[Ranthambore Fort]] at [[Sawai Madhopur]]
# [[Gagron Fort]] at [[Jhalawar]]
# [[Amber Fort|Amer Fort]] at [[Jaipur]]
# [[Jaisalmer Fort]] at [[Jaisalmer]]

Some of these forts have defensive fortification wall up to 20 km long, still surviving urban centers and still in use water harvesting mechanism.<ref name=HFR1>[https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/247 UNESCO Hill Forts of Rajasthan, UNESCO website]</ref>

== Selection ==
A series was to be selected as a UNESCO World Heritage Site to highlight the culture and architecture of hilltop Rajput forts.

The State party of Rajasthan presented an overview of the process for the selection of component sites for the series of Hill Forts and the criteria selected. The criteria set resulting in the selection process followed the four following perimeters: The forts adapted to the ''Geography of the Hilltops'', the fortifications were ''power'' ''centers'', they included ''sacred grounds'', and the fort was designed with ''urban'' ''settlements.''

Rajputs adhered to architectural texts that categorized different typologies of fortifications based on their geography. The earliest literary references differentiated four types of forts; Hilltop Forts, Water Forts, Forest Forts, and Desert Forts. This series of world heritage sites was created solely on the Hilltop Forts of Rajasthan. This and excluded many forts solely based on typology such as [[Junagarh Fort]] which is a ground fort. Furthermore forts that were not designed for urban settlement were excluded{{Citation needed|date=August 2020}}. [[Mehrangarh]], although situated on a hilltop, was a fortified [[citadel]] for the court which lacked an urban settlement for the civilians.

An initial list ''Forts of Rajasthan'' was created based on all forts recorded by the [[Archaeological Survey of India]]. Of the hundreds of fortifications, 54 forts were further examined as they shared integral characteristics of Rajput military architecture. The State party explained how from this initial listing, a smaller group was selected made of 24 of the most significant forts of Rajasthan which all shared key aspects of Rajput Fortifications. This number was soon shortlisted to 13. From this list five forts were initially selected, all of which were located on the Aravalli Range, and belonged to different clans. The sixth fort, Jaisalmer was later added into the series.

== Gallery ==
{{gallery|mode=packed|height=165
|File:Amber Palace Jaipur Pano.JPG|Vista of [[Amer Fort]] from across the road
|File:Jaisalmer_forteresse.jpg|[[Jaisalmer Fort]]
|File:N-RJ-87_Fort_including_Ancient_Temples_Jaisalmer_SolReyes20100917_332.JPG|Jain Temple inside [[Jaisalmer Fort]]
|File:Amer_Fort_Entrance.jpg|Ganesh Pol Entrance, [[Amer Fort]]
|File:Sheesh_Mahal,_Amer_Fort.jpg|Sheesh Mahal, [[Amer Fort]]
|File:Amber Fort (आमेर का किला ).jpg|[[Amer Fort]]
|File:Walls of Kumbhalgarh.jpg|[[Kumbhalgarh]]
|File:Jaisalmer Fort.jpg|[[Jaisalmer]]
|File:Aerial view of Kumbhalgarh.jpg|Aerial view of [[Kumbhalgarh Fort]]
|File:Temple in Kumbalgarh fortress 01.JPG|Jain Temple, [[Kumbhalgarh Fort]]
|File:Looking down on Ranthambore Fort.jpg|[[Ranthambhore Fort]]
|File:Ranthambore Fort Jain Temple.jpg|Jain Temple, [[Ranthambore Fort]]
|File:Gagron fort 2nd view.jpg|[[Gagron Fort]]
|File:Chittorgarh fort.JPG|[[Chittor Fort]]
}}{{gallery|mode=packed|height=300
|File:Temple_de_Shanthinath.jpg|[[Kirti Stambh]] at [[Chittor Fort]]
|File:Kirti stambha.jpg|[[Kirti Stambh]] at [[Chittor Fort]]
|File:Victory tower.jpg|[[Vijay Stambha]] at [[Chittor Fort]]
}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.vedantawakeup.com/hill-forts-of-rajasthan/ The Hill Forts of Rajasthan]

{{World Heritage Sites in India}}
{{Forts in Rajasthan}}

[[Category:Hill forts]]
[[Category:Forts in Rajasthan| ]]
[[Category:Lists of forts in India|R]]
[[Category:Lists of tourist attractions in Rajasthan|F]]
[[Category:Rajasthan-related lists]]
[[Category:World Heritage Sites in India]]